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Éxodo 12

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1 Y HABLO Jehová á Moisés y á Aarón en la tierra de Egipto, diciendo:

2 Este mes os será principio de los meses; será este para vosotros el primero en los meses del año.

3 Hablad á toda la congregación de Israel, diciendo: En el diez de aqueste mes tómese cada uno un cordero por las familias de los padres, un cordero por familia:

4 Mas si la familia fuere pequeña que no baste á comer el cordero, entonces tomará á su vecino inmediato á su casa, y según el número de las personas, cada uno conforme á su comer, echaréis la cuenta sobre el cordero.

5 El cordero será sin defecto, macho de un año: tomaréislo de las ovejas ó de las cabras:

6 Y habéis de guardarlo hasta el día catorce de este mes; y lo inmolará toda la congregación del pueblo de Israel entre las dos tardes.

7 Y tomarán de la sangre, y pondrán en los dos postes y en el dintel de las casas en que lo han de comer.

8 Y aquella noche comerán la carne asada al fuego, y panes sin levadura: con hierbas amargas lo comerán.

9 Ninguna cosa comeréis de él cruda, ni cocida en agua, sino asada al fuego; su cabeza con sus pies y sus intestinos.

10 Ninguna cosa dejaréis de él hasta la mañana; y lo que habrá quedado hasta la mañana, habéis de quemarlo en el fuego.

11 Y así habéis de comerlo: ceñidos vuestros lomos, vuestros zapatos en vuestros pies, y vuestro bordón en vuestra mano; y lo comeréis apresuradamente: es la Pascua de Jehová.

12 Pues yo pasaré aquella noche por la tierra de Egipto, y heriré á todo primogénito en la tierra de Egipto, así en los hombres como en las bestias: y haré juicios en todos los dioses de Egipto. YO JEHOVA.

13 Y la sangre os será por señal en las casas donde vosotros estéis; y veré la sangre, y pasaré de vosotros, y no habrá en vosotros plaga de mortandad, cuando heriré la tierra de Egipto.

14 Y este día os ha de ser en memoria, y habéis de celebrarlo como solemne á Jehová durante vuestras generaciones: por estatuto perpetuo lo celebraréis.

15 Siete días comeréis panes sin levadura; y así el primer día haréis que no haya levadura en vuestras casas: porque cualquiera que comiere leudado desde el primer día hasta el séptimo, aquella alma será cortada de Israel.

16 El primer día habrá santa convocación, y asimismo en el séptimo día tendréis una santa convocación: ninguna obra se hará en ellos, excepto solamente que aderecéis lo que cada cual hubiere de comer.

17 Y guardaréis la fiesta de los ázimos, porque en aqueste mismo día saqué vuestros ejércitos de la tierra de Egipto: por tanto guardaréis este día en vuestras generaciones por costumbre perpetua.

18 En el mes primero, el día catorce del mes por la tarde, comeréis los panes sin levadura, hasta el veintiuno del mes por la tarde.

19 Por siete días no se hallará levadura en vuestras casas, porque cualquiera que comiere leudado, así extranjero como natural del país, aquella alma será cortada de la congregación de Israel.

20 Ninguna cosa leudada comeréis; en todas vuestras habitaciones comeréis panes sin levadura.

21 Y Moisés convocó á todos los ancianos de Israel, y díjoles: Sacad, y tomaos corderos por vuestras familias, y sacrificad la pascua.

22 Y tomad un manojo de hisopo, y mojadle en la sangre que estará en una jofaina, y untad el dintel y los dos postes con la sangre que estará en la jofaina; y ninguno de vosotros salga de las puertas de su casa hasta la mañana.

23 Porque Jehová pasará hiriendo á los Egipcios; y como verá la sangre en el dintel y en los dos postes, pasará Jehová aquella puerta, y no dejará entrar al heridor en vuestras casas para herir.

24 Y guardaréis esto por estatuto para vosotros y para vuestros hijos para siempre.

25 Y será, cuando habréis entrado en la tierra que Jehová os dará, como tiene hablado, que guardaréis este rito.

26 Y cuando os dijeren vuestros hijos: ¿Qué rito es este vuestro?

27 Vosotros responderéis: Es la víctima de la Pascua de Jehová, el cual pasó las casas de los hijos de Israel en Egipto, cuando hirió á los Egipcios, y libró nuestras casas. Entonces el pueblo se inclinó y adoró.

28 Y los hijos de Israel se fueron, é hicieron puntualmente así; como Jehová había mandado á Moisés y á Aarón.

29 Y aconteció que á la medianoche Jehová hirió á todo primogénito en la tierra de Egipto, desde el primogénito de Faraón que se sentaba sobre su trono, hasta el primogénito del cautivo que estaba en la cárcel, y todo primogénito de los animales.

30 Y levantóse aquella noche Faraón, él y todos sus siervos, y todos los Egipcios; y había un gran clamor en Egipto, porque no había casa donde no hubiese muerto.

31 E hizo llamar á Moisés y á Aarón de noche, y díjoles: Salid de en medio de mi pueblo vosotros, y los hijos de Israel; é id, servid á Jehová, como habéis dicho.

32 Tomad también vuestras ovejas y vuestras vacas, como habéis dicho, é idos; y bendecidme también á mí.

33 Y los Egipcios apremiaban al pueblo, dándose priesa á echarlos de la tierra; porque decían: Todos somos muertos.

34 Y llevó el pueblo su masa antes que se leudase, sus masas envueltas en sus sábanas sobre sus hombros.

35 E hicieron los hijos de Israel conforme al mandamiento de Moisés, demandando á los Egipcios vasos de plata, y vasos de oro, y vestidos.

36 Y Jehová dió gracia al pueblo delante de los Egipcios, y prestáronles; y ellos despojaron á los Egipcios.

37 Y partieron los hijos de Israel de Rameses á Succoth, como seiscientos mil hombres de á pie, sin contar los niños.

38 Y también subió con ellos grande multitud de diversa suerte de gentes; y ovejas, y ganados muy muchos.

39 Y cocieron tortas sin levadura de la masa que habían sacado de Egipto; porque no había leudado, por cuanto echándolos los Egipcios, no habían podido detenerse, ni aun prepararse comida.

40 El tiempo que los hijos de Israel habitaron en Egipto, fué cuatrocientos treinta años.

41 Y pasados cuatrocientos treinta años, en el mismo día salieron todos los ejércitos de Jehová de la tierra de Egipto.

42 Es noche de guardar á Jehová, por haberlos sacado en ella de la tierra de Egipto. Esta noche deben guardar á Jehová todos los hijos de Israel en sus generaciones.

43 Y Jehová dijo á Moisés y á Aarón: Esta es la ordenanza de la Pascua: Ningún extraño comerá de ella:

44 Mas todo siervo humano comprado por dinero, comerá de ella después que lo hubieres circuncidado.

45 El extranjero y el asalariado no comerán de ella.

46 En una casa se comerá, y no llevarás de aquella carne fuera de casa, ni quebraréis hueso suyo.

47 Toda la congregación de Israel le sacrificará.

48 Mas si algún extranjero peregrinare contigo, y quisiere hacer la pascua á Jehová, séale circuncidado todo varón, y entonces se llegará á hacerla, y será como el natural de la tierra; pero ningún incircunciso comerá de ella.

49 La misma ley será para el natural y para el extranjero que peregrinare entre vosotros.

50 Así lo hicieron todos los hijos de Israel; como mandó Jehová á Moisés y á Aarón, así lo hicieron.

51 Y en aquel mismo día sacó Jehová á los hijos de Israel de la tierra de Egipto por sus escuadrones.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 4444

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4444 .'When they heard; and the men were grieved and blazing with anger' means that they were under the influence of evil that was directed against the truth of the Church among the Ancients. This is clear from the meaning of 'being grieved and blazing with anger' here as being under the influence of evil. Its direction against the truth of the Church among the Ancients follows because the anger was against Shechem the son of Hamor, who means the truth known to the Ancients, as stated above in 4430, 4431. Their being under the influence of evil is evident from details given further on, namely that they spoke deceitfully, verse 13, and then after Shechem and Hamor had submitted to their demands they killed them, verses 26-29. Consequently 'being grieved' here and 'blazing with anger' mean that they were under the influence of evil. Their action looks like zeal aroused in them because he had lain with their sister, to judge by the words which immediately follow 'because he had done something disgraceful in Israel by lying with Jacob's daughter, a thing that ought not to be done' - and by those at the end of the chapter 'They said, Is he going to treat our sister like a prostitute?' verse 31. But it was not zeal, for zeal cannot possibly exist with someone who is under the influence of evil, only with one governed by good; for zeal has good within it, 4164.

[2] The semblance of religion which existed among their descendants did indeed have good within it, in that all its details, each one, represented the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord's kingdom. But in the case of those with whom it existed it did not hold anything good at all since they were confined solely to external things devoid of internal, as shown above. It is the same with the semblance of religion possessed by that nation among whom it exists even at the present day. They acknowledge Moses and the Prophets, and so the Word. In itself this is holy but in their case it is not holy, for within every detail there they see themselves and so that which is worldly. Indeed they turn the Word into something earthly, for they do not know or even care about anything heavenly within it. If the state of a people is like this, no good can exist in them when their own semblance of religion holds sway over them. Instead evil is present, for nothing heavenly enters into them because they will annihilate it.

[3] There was a law, also known in the Ancient Church, according to which anyone who ravished a virgin had to provide her with a dowry and take her to be his wife, as the following words in Moses laid down,

If a man persuades a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he shall endow her with a dowry to be his wife; if her father utterly refuses to give her to him he shall weigh silver according to the dowry of virgins. Exodus 22:16-17.

And elsewhere,

If a man finds a young woman, a virgin, who is not betrothed, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are discovered, the man who lay with her shall give to the young woman's father fifty pieces of silver, and she shall become his wife, because he ravished her; and he will not be able to divorce her all his days. Deuteronomy 22:28-29.

The fact that this same law was known to the Ancients is quite evident from Shechem's words to the young woman's father and brothers,

Shechem said to her father and to her brothers, Let me find grace in your eyes, and I will give that which you tell me. Increase the dowry and gift to any size and I will give you whatever you tell me, and give me the young woman for a wife. Verses 11-12.

Also, because Shechem was willing to fulfill this law and Dinah's brothers gave their consent provided he became as they themselves were, by circumcising every male, according to the words that follow

Only on this [condition] will we consent to you: If you will be as we are, by circumcising every male among you, then we will give our daughters to you, and your daughters we will take to ourselves, and we will dwell with you, and we wit be one people. Verses 15-16

- it is therefore evident that they did not act in conformity with the law, thus were not motivated by good, but acted contrary to the law, and consequently were motivated by evil.

[4] The law forbade them, it is true, to enter into marriages with the gentile nations, as laid down in Moses,

Lest you take their daughters for your sons, and their daughters go whoring after their gods, and they cause your sons to go whoring after their gods. Exodus 34:16.

And elsewhere,

You shall not establish a marriage relationship with the nations; you shall not give your daughter to his son, and you shall not take his daughter for your son, for he will turn your son from following Me, to serve other gods. Deuteronomy 7:3-4.

But this law referred to idolatrous nations. It was laid down to prevent their turning away, through such marriages, from truly representative worship to idolatrous worship; for once they became idolaters they were no longer able to represent the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord's kingdom, only their opposites, namely the things of hell. In fact, once they were idolaters, they summoned from hell a certain devil whom they worshipped and to whom they applied Divine representatives. This accounts for its being said that they were not to go whoring after their gods. That law was also laid down for the further reason that 'the nations' means evils and falsities with which the goods and truths which they represented were not to be mingled, and therefore devilish and hellish things were not to be mingled with celestial and spiritual ones, 3024 (end).

[5] But they were in no way forbidden to contract marriages with nations who willingly adopted their worship and who, after being circumcised, acknowledged Jehovah. These they called sojourners sojourning with them, of whom the following is said in Moses,

If a sojourner sojourns with you and wishes to keep the Passover to Jehovah, every male he has shall be circumcised, and then he shall come near and keep it; and he will be as an inhabitant of the land. There shall be one law for the inhabitant and for the sojourner who sojourns in the midst of you. Exodus 12:48-49.

And elsewhere,

When the sojourner has sojourned with you, he shall keep the Passover to Jehovah according to the statute for the Passover, and according to the regulations 1 for it. There shall be one statute for you, both for the sojourner and for the native of the land. Numbers 9:14.

The reason why they were called sojourners sojourning in the midst of them and with them was that 'sojourning' meant receiving instruction, and so 'a sojourner' those who allowed themselves to receive instruction in statutes and matters of doctrine, see 1463, 2025, 3672. In the same author,

If a sojourner should sojourn with you who would make a fire-offering of an odour of rest to Jehovah, he shall do as you do. As for the assembly, one statute shall there be for you and for the sojourner who sojourns, an eternal statute throughout your generations. As you are, so shall the sojourner be before Jehovah. There shall be one law and one judgement for you and for the sojourner sojourning with you. Numbers 15:14-16.

And elsewhere,

As the native among you shall the sojourner sojourning with you be to you.

Leviticus 19:34.

One judgement shall there be for you; it shall be for the sojourner as for the native. Leviticus 24:22.

[6] The fact that this statute was known not only to Jacob and his sons but also to Shechem and Hamor is evident from the words spoken by them. For the statutes, judgements, and laws which were given to the Israelite and Jewish nation were not new but such as existed previously in the Ancient Church and in the second Ancient Church which, from Eber, was called the Hebrew, as has been shown in various places. The consequent knowledge of this law is evident from the words of Jacob's sons,

Jacob's sons said to Hamor and Shechem, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to a man who has a foreskin; for that would be a reproach to us. Only on this [condition] will we consent to you: If you will be as we are, by circumcising every male among you, then we will give our daughters to you, and your daughters we will take to ourselves, and we will dwell with you, and we will be one people. Verses 14-16.

That knowledge is also evident from Hamor and Shechem's words, in that they not only consented but also did cause themselves and every male of their city to be circumcised, verses 18-24.

[7] This shows that Shechem became a sojourner such as is referred to in the Law, and so could take Jacob's daughter as a wife; and that their killing them was accordingly an unmentionable deed, as Jacob also bore witness before his death, Genesis 49:5-7. The fact that not only Judah but also Moses, as well as the kings of the Jews and Israelites, and many of the people too, married wives from gentile nations is clear from the historical sections of the Word; and one should not doubt that those wives accepted their statutes, judgements, and laws and were acknowledged as sojourners.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, statutes

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.