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Levitski Zakonik 25

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1 Još reče Gospod Mojsiju na gori Sinajskoj govoreći:

2 Kaži sinovima Izrailjevim, i reci im: Kad dođete u zemlju koju vam ja dajem, neka praznuje zemlja subotu Gospodnju.

3 Šest godina zasevaj njivu svoju, i Šest godina reži vinograd svoj i sabiraj rod.

4 A sedma godina neka bude subota za odmor zemlji, subota Gospodnja; nemoj sejati u polju svom ni rezati vinograd svoj.

5 Šta samo od sebe rodi iza žetve tvoje nemoj žeti, i grožđa u vinogradu svom nerezanom nemoj brati; neka bude godina odmora zemlji.

6 Ali šta rodi zemlja za počivanja svog, ono neka vam bude hrana, tebi i sluzi tvom i sluškinji tvojoj i najamniku tvom i ukućaninu tvom koji je kod tebe.

7 I stoci tvojoj i svim životinjama što su u tvojoj zemlji, sav rod njen neka bude hrana.

8 I nabroj sedam sedmina godina, sedam puta po sedam godina, tako da ti sedam sedmina godina bude četrdeset i devet godina.

9 Tada zapovedi neka zatrubi truba deseti dan sedmog meseca, na dan očišćenja neka trubi truba po svoj zemlji vašoj.

10 I posvetite godinu pedesetu, i proglasite slobodu u zemlji svima koji žive u njoj; to neka vam je oprosna godina, i tada se vratite svaki na svoju baštinu, i svaki u rod svoj vratite se.

11 Oprosna godina da vam je ta pedeseta godina; nemojte sejati, niti žanjite šta samo rodi te godine, niti berite grožđa u vinogradima nerezanim.

12 Jer je oprosna godina; neka vam je sveta; sa svakog polja jedite rod njegov.

13 Te godine oprosne vratite se svaki na svoju baštinu.

14 I ako prodaš šta bližnjemu svom ili kupiš šta od bližnjeg svog, ne varajte jedan drugog.

15 Prema broju godina po oprosnoj godini kupuj od bližnjeg svog, i prema broju godina u koje ćeš brati rod neka ti prodaje.

16 Što više bude godina to će cena biti veća onome što kupuješ, a što manje bude godina to će manja biti cena, jer ti se prodaje broj letina.

17 Zato ne varajte jedan drugog, nego se bojte Boga svog; jer sam ja Gospod Bog vaš.

18 Držite uredbe moje i čuvajte zakone moje i vršite ih, pa ćete živeti u zemlji bez straha.

19 I zemlja će rađati rod svoj, i ješćete ga, i bićete siti, i živećete u njoj bez straha.

20 I ako biste rekli: Šta ćemo jesti sedme godine, eto nećemo sejati niti ćemo brati letinu?

21 Pustiću blagoslov svoj na vas šeste godine, te će roditi za tri godine.

22 I sejaćete osme godine, a ješćete letinu staru do devete godine, dokle ne prispe rod njen, ješćete stari.

23 Ali da se zemlja ne prodaje za svagda, jer je moja zemlja, a vi ste došljaci i ukućani kod mene.

24 Zato po svoj zemlji države vaše neka se otkupljuju zemlje.

25 Ako osiromaši brat tvoj i proda nešto od baštine svoje, a posle dođe ko od roda njegovog najbliži njemu da otkupi, neka otkupi šta brat njegov prodade.

26 Ako li ne bi imao nikoga da otkupi, nego bi se pomogao i zglavio koliko treba za otkup,

27 Onda neka odbije godine otkako je prodao, pa šta ostane neka isplati onom kome je prodao, i tako neka opet dođe do svoje baštine.

28 Ako li nema koliko bi trebalo vratiti, onda ostaje stvar prodana u onog koji je kupio do godine oprosne, a oprosne godine ostaviće se, i on će se vratiti na svoju baštinu.

29 Ko proda kuću u kojoj se sedi u mestu ograđenom zidom, vlastan je otkupiti je dokle se ne navrši godina dana od kako je proda; celu godinu dana ima vlast otkupiti je.

30 A ako ne otkupi za godinu dana, onda ostaje kuća u mestu ograđenom zidom onom koji je kupio sasvim od kolena na koleno, i neće je ostaviti oprosne godine.

31 A kuće po selima, koje nisu ograđene zidom, neka se uzimaju kao njive, mogu se otkupiti, i godine oprosne vraćaju se.

32 A mesta levitska i kuće u mestima njihovim, svagda mogu otkupiti Leviti.

33 Ali ko kupi od Levita, neka oprosne godine ostavi kupljenu kuću i šta je imao u mestu; jer kuće po mestima levitskim jesu njihove među sinovima Izrailjevim.

34 Ali polje pod mestima njihovim da se ne prodaje; jer je njihovo dostojanje doveka.

35 Ako osiromaši brat tvoj i iznemogne ruka njegova pored tebe, prihvati ga, i kao stranac i došljak neka poživi uz tebe.

36 Nemoj uzimati od njega kamate ni dobiti; nego se boj Boga, da bi poživeo brat tvoj uz tebe.

37 Novaca nemoj mu davati na kamatu, niti mu hrane svoje pozaimaj radi dobiti.

38 Ja sam Gospod Bog vaš, koji sam vas izveo iz zemlje misirske da vam dam zemlju hanansku i da vam budem Bog.

39 I ako osiromaši brat tvoj kod tebe tako da ti se proda, nemoj ga držati kao roba;

40 Kao najamnik i kao došljak neka bude kod tebe; do oprosne godine neka služi kod tebe.

41 A onda neka ide od tebe sa sinovima svojim, neka se vrati u rod svoj, i na baštinu otaca svojih neka se vrati.

42 Jer su moje sluge, koje sam izveo iz zemlje misirske, neka se ne prodaju kao robovi.

43 Nemoj gospodariti nad njim žestoko, nego se boj Boga svog.

44 A rob tvoj i robinja tvoja što ćeš imati neka budu od onih naroda koji će biti oko vas, od njih kupujte roba i robinju.

45 I između stranaca koji budu kod vas, između njih kupujte i iz porodica onih koji budu kod vas, koji se rode u zemlji vašoj, i ti neka vam budu imanje.

46 Oni će postati vaši i sinova vaših nakon vas, i biće vam dostojanje, da vam svaku službu vrše do veka; ali nad braćom svojom, sinovima Izrailjevim, niko nad bratom svojim da ne gospodari žestoko.

47 Ako li se obogati došljak ili gost koji živi s tobom, a brat tvoj osiromaši kod njega tako da se proda došljaku, koji živi s tobom, ili kome god od tuđeg roda,

48 Kad se proda, može se otkupiti; ko god od braće njegove neka ga otkupi;

49 Ili stric njegov, ili sin strica njegovog neka ga otkupi, ili ko drugi od krvi njegove u rodu njegovom neka ga otkupi; ili ako se pomogne, neka se sam otkupi.

50 Neka se proračuna s kupcem svojim od godine kad se prodao godine oprosne, da cena za koju se prodao dođe prema broju godina; kao nadničaru neka mu se računa vreme koje je odslužio.

51 Ako ostaje još mnogo godina, prema njima neka plati otkup od cene za koju je kupljen.

52 Ako li ostaje malo godina do oprosne godine, neka se proračuna s njim, i neka plati otkup prema tim godinama.

53 Kao najamnik godišnji neka bude u njega, i neka ne gospodari nad njim žestoko na tvoje oči.

54 Ako li se ovako ne otkupi, neka otide godine oprosne i on i sinovi njegovi s njim.

55 Jer su sinovi Izrailjevi moje sluge, moje su sluge, koje sam izveo iz zemlje misirske; ja sam Gospod Bog vaš.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8002

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8002. 'A stranger and a hired servant shall not eat it' means that those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good, and those who do it for the sake of gain, shall not be together with them. This is clear from the meaning of 'a stranger' as those who are prompted to do good by a merely natural inclination, dealt with below; from the meaning of 'a hired servant' as those who do good for the sake of gain, also dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'not eating it' as not being together with them, dealt with immediately above in 8001. 'A stranger' means those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good because strangers were newcomers from other peoples. They were inhabitants, dwelling with the Israelites and Jews in one house; and 'dwelling with' means sharing in the same good. But since, as has just been said, they were from peoples outside the Church the good that is meant is not a kind of good that is prominent in the Church but is the kind to be found outside the Church. And this is called natural good because it is a product of the hereditary inclinations that a person is born with. With some people such good may also be the product of poor health or debility of mind. This is what one should understand when the good done by those meant by 'strangers' is mentioned.

[2] This kind of good is completely different from the good prominent in the Church, for by means of the Church's kind of good conscience is established in a person; and conscience is the level on which the angels come in and which brings him into company with them. Natural good cannot provide any such level for angels to enter. Those whose good is natural do good in the dark, led by blind instinct, not in the light of truth, under the influence of heaven. In the next life therefore they are carried away like chaff by the wind, by anyone and everyone, whether evil or good, but especially by an evil person who knows how to add a certain amount of charm and persuasion to his arguments. Nor can angels at this time guide them away, for angels operate through the truths and forms of the good of faith; they enter in on the level formed within a person out of those truths and forms of the good of faith. From all this it is evident that those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good cannot be integrated among angels. Regarding these people and their lot in the next life, see 3470, 3471, 3518, 4988, 4992, 5032, 6208, 7197.

[3] The fact that 'strangers' are those who are not in their own land nor in their own house but are those staying in a foreign land is clear in Moses,

The land shall [not] be sold outright, for the land is Mine; but you are sojourners and strangers with Me. Leviticus 25:23.

In David,

Hear my prayers, O Jehovah; do not be silent at my tears. For I am a sojourner with You, a stranger as all my fathers were. Psalms 39:12.

And in the Book of Genesis,

Abraham said to the sons of Heth, I am a sojourner and a stranger among you; give me possession of a grave. Genesis 13:3-4.

'A sojourner', like 'a stranger', means a newcomer and inhabitant from another land; but 'a sojourner' means those who were taught and accepted the Church's truths, whereas those who were not taught them because they were unwilling to accept them are meant by 'strangers'.

[4] As for hired servants, they were people who worked for wages; they were servants, but not ones who had been bought. The fact that they were called 'hired', see Leviticus 19:13; 25:4-6; Deuteronomy 24:14-15. Because hired servants were those who worked for wages they mean in the internal sense those who do good for the sake of gain in the world, and in a yet more internal sense those who do good for the sake of reward in the next life, thus those who wish to earn merit through works.

[5] Those who do good solely for the sake of gain in the world cannot possibly be integrated among angels, since their final objective for doing it is the world, that is, affluence and prestige, not heaven, that is, the blessedness and happiness of their souls. The final objective is what gives direction to actions and what gives them their specific character. Those who do good solely for the sake of gain are described by the Lord as follows in John,

I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life 1 for the sheep. But a hired servant, he who is not the shepherd, whose sheep are not his own, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees; and the wolf seizes them, and scatters the sheep. But the hired servant flees because he is a hired servant. John 10:11-13.

And in Jeremiah,

A very beautiful heifer was Egypt; destruction has come from the north. Her hired servants are like calves of the stall, 2 for they also have turned about, fled away together, and not made a stand, because the day of their ruin has come upon them. Jeremiah 46:20-21.

[6] A law forbidding strangers and hired servants to share in holy things along with those belonging to the Church is stated in Moses as follows,

No outsider shall eat what is holy; a stranger staying with a priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat what is holy. Leviticus 22:10.

And a law which allowed people to buy from the sons of strangers slaves who would serve them for evermore appears in the same book,

You shall buy a male or a female slave from the nations that are around you. And also from the sons of strangers sojourning among you - from them you shall buy, and from their families which are with you, even if they were born in your land, in order that they may be your possession. And you may pass them on as an inheritance to your sons after you to inherit as a possession. Forever you shall be their masters. Leviticus 25:44-46.

'The sons of strangers' means factual knowledge acquired with the aid of merely natural light. The necessity for spiritual truths to dominate that knowledge is meant by the law that slaves should be bought from the sons of strangers as possessions for evermore.

[7] People however who do good for the sake of reward in the next life, people who are also meant by 'hired servants', differ from those spoken about immediately above, in that they have life and happiness in heaven as their final objective. But this objective turns and alters the direction of their Divine worship away from the Lord towards themselves, as a consequence of which they want things to go well only for themselves, not for others except insofar as these want the same for them. When this is so self-love resides in their every desire, not love of the neighbour; that is, they do not have any genuine charity. Nor can these people be integrated among angels, for angels utterly loathe both the word and the notion of reward or repayment. The Lord teaches in Luke that one ought to do what is good without reward as the objective,

Love your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing from it; then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Highest. Luke 6:32-35; 14:12-14.

Regarding the nature of good deeds performed to earn merit, see 1110, 1111, 1774, 1835, 1877, 2027, 2273, 2340, 2373, 2400, 3816, 4007 (end), 4174, 4943, 6388-6390, 6392, 6393, 6478.

[8] The reason why the Lord says so many times that those who do good will have their reward in heaven - as in Matthew 5:11-12; 6:1-2, 26; 10:41-42; 20:1-16; Mark 9:41; Luke 6:23, 35; 14:14; John 4:36 - is that before a person has been regenerated he cannot help thinking about reward. But it is different once he has been regenerated. Then he is indignant if anyone thinks that he does good to his neighbour for the sake of reward; for he feels delight and bliss in the doing of good, but not in repayment. In the internal sense 'reward' is the delight belonging to the affection that goes with charity, see 3816, 3956, 6388, 6478.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, soul

2. i.e. mercenaries who are like fat bulls

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.