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Бытие 35

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1 Бог сказал Иакову: встань, пойди в Вефиль и живи там, и устрой там жертвенник Богу, явившемуся тебе, когда ты бежал от лица Исава, брата твоего.

2 И сказал Иаков дому своему и всем бывшим с ним: бросьте богов чужих, находящихся у вас, и очиститесь, и перемените одежды ваши;

3 встанем и пойдем в Вефиль; там устрою я жертвенник Богу, Который услышал меня в день бедствия моего и был со мною в пути, которым я ходил.

4 И отдали Иакову всех богов чужих, бывших в руках их, и серьги, бывшие в ушах у них, и закопал их Иаков под дубом, который близ Сихема.

5 И отправились они. И был ужас Божий на окрестных городах, и не преследовали сынов Иаковлевых.

6 И пришел Иаков в Луз, что в земле Ханаанской, то есть в Вефиль, сам и все люди, бывшие с ним,

7 и устроил там жертвенник, и назвал сие место: Эл-Вефиль, ибо тут явился ему Бог, когда он бежал от лица брата своего.

8 И умерла Девора, кормилица Ревеккина, и погребена ниже Вефиля под дубом, который и назвал Иаков дубом плача.

9 И явился Бог Иакову по возвращении его из Месопотамии, и благословил его,

10 и сказал ему Бог: имя твое Иаков; отныне ты не будешь называться Иаковом, но будет имя тебе: Израиль. И нарек ему имя: Израиль.

11 И сказал ему Бог: Я Бог Всемогущий; плодись и умножайся; народ и множество народов будет от тебя, и цари произойдут из чресл твоих;

12 землю, которую Я дал Аврааму и Исааку, Я дам тебе, и потомству твоемупо тебе дам землю сию.

13 И восшел от него Бог с места, на котором говорил ему.

14 И поставил Иаков памятник на месте, на котором говорил ему Бог , памятник каменный, и возлил на него возлияние, и возлил на него елей;

15 и нарек Иаков имя месту, на котором Бог говорил ему: Вефиль.

16 И отправились из Вефиля. И когда еще оставалось некоторое расстояние земли до Ефрафы, Рахиль родила, и роды ее были трудны.

17 Когда же она страдала в родах, повивальная бабка сказала ей: не бойся, ибо и это тебе сын.

18 И когда выходила из нее душа, ибо она умирала, то нарекла ему имя: Бенони. Но отец его назвал его Вениамином.

19 И умерла Рахиль, и погребена на дороге в Ефрафу, то есть Вифлеем.

20 Иаков поставил над гробом ее памятник. Это надгробный памятник Рахили до сего дня.

21 И отправился Израиль и раскинул шатер свой за башнею Гадер.

22 Во время пребывания Израиля в той стране, Рувим пошел и переспал с Валлою, наложницею отца своего. И услышал Израиль. Сынов же у Иаковабыло двенадцать.

23 Сыновья Лии: первенец Иакова Рувим, по нем Симеон, Левий, Иуда, Иссахар и Завулон.

24 Сыновья Рахили: Иосиф и Вениамин.

25 Сыновья Валлы, служанки Рахилиной: Дан и Неффалим.

26 Сыновья Зелфы, служанки Лииной: Гад и Асир. Сии сыновья Иакова,родившиеся ему в Месопотамии.

27 И пришел Иаков к Исааку, отцу своему, в Мамре, в Кириаф-Арбу, то есть Хеврон где странствовал Авраам и Исаак.

28 И было дней жизни Исааковой сто восемьдесят лет.

29 И испустил Исаак дух и умер, и приложился к народу своему, будучи стар и насыщен жизнью; и погребли его Исав и Иаков, сыновья его.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 921

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921. 'Noah built an altar to Jehovah' means a representative of the Lord. This is clear from what has been stated just above. All the religious observances of the Ancient Church were representative of the Lord, as also were those of the Jewish Church. But the chief representative in later times was the altar, and also the burnt offering, which, because it was made from clean beasts and clean birds, represented the same as that of which it was the meaningful sign. Clean beasts represented goods that stem from charity, and clean birds the truths of faith. And when offering these, members of the Ancient Church meant that they were offering gifts of those goods or truths to the Lord. Nothing else can be offered up to the Lord that will please Him. But their descendants, like the gentiles, and also the Jews, corrupted these offerings, for they did not even know that these had such a meaning. They confined worship solely to things of an external nature.

[2] That the altar was the chief representative of the Lord becomes clear also from the consideration that there were altars even among gentiles before all the other religious observances were established, before the Ark [of the Covenant] was made, and before the Temple was built. This is clear from Abram's going on to the mountain east of Bethel, erecting an altar, and calling on the name of Jehovah, Genesis 12:8; from his being commanded to offer Isaac as a burnt offering on an altar, Genesis 22:2, 9, from Jacob's building an altar in Luz, which was Bethel, Genesis 35:6-7; and from Moses' building an altar at the foot of Mount Sinai and offering sacrifice, Exodus 24:4-6. Each of these events took place before the establishment of the sacrificial system and before the construction of the Ark, the place where worship was at a later time celebrated in the wilderness. The fact that gentiles too had altars is clear from what is said about Balaam telling Balak to build seven altars and to prepare seven young bulls and seven rams, Numbers 23:1-7, 15-18, 29-30, and also from the command to destroy the altars of the nations, as in Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2. Consequently Divine worship involving the use of altars and sacrifices was not something new when it was established among the Jews. Indeed men were building altars, especially those for commemorative purposes, before they ever knew of immolating young bulls and other animals on them.

[3] That 'altars' means a representative of the Lord, and 'burnt offerings' consequent worship of Him, is quite clear from the Prophets and also in Moses where Levi to whom the priesthood was entrusted is the subject,

They will teach Jacob Your judgements and Israel Your law. They will put incense in Your nostrils, and whole (burnt offering) upon Your altar. Deuteronomy 33:10.

This stands for the whole of worship. 'Teaching Jacob His judgements, and Israel His law' stands for internal worship, while 'putting incense in His nostrils, and whole [burnt offering] on the altar' stands for corresponding external worship, and so for the whole of worship. In Isaiah,

On that day a man will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel. And he will not look to the altars, the work of his hands. Isaiah 17:7-8.

Here 'looking to the altars' clearly means representative worship in general, which was to be abolished. In the same prophet,

On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at its border to Jehovah. Isaiah 19:19.

Here too 'altar' stands for external worship.

[4] In Jeremiah,

The Lord has abandoned His altar, He has abhorred His sanctuary. Lamentations 2:7.

'Altar' stands for representative worship which had become idolatrous. In Hosea,

Ephraim has multiplied altars for sinning, they have been to him altars for sinning. Hosea 8:11.

'Altars' here stands for all representative worship separated from internal, and so stands for what is idolatrous. In the same prophet,

The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. Thorn and thistle will grow up on their altars. Hosea 10:8.

Here too 'altars' stands for idolatrous worship. In Amos,

On the day I visit Israel for his transgressions, I will visit the altars of Bethel, and the horns of the altar will be cut off. Amos 3:14.

Here also 'altars' stands for representative worship that had become idolatrous.

[5] In David,

They will bring me to Your holy mountain, and to Your dwellings! Then I will go in to the altar of God, to God my exceeding joy. Psalms 43:3-4.

Here 'altar' clearly stands for the Lord. So the making of an altar in the Ancient and the Jewish Churches stood for a representative of the Lord. Because worship of the Lord was carried out principally by means of burnt offerings and sacrifices, and these principally meant representative worship, it is clear that the altar itself means representative worship itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.