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Josué 8

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1 Então disse o Senhor a Josué: Não temas, e não te espantes; toma contigo toda a gente de guerra, levanta-te, e sobe a Ai. Olha que te entreguei na tua mão o rei de Ai, o seu povo, a sua cidade e a sua terra.

2 Farás pois a Ai e a seu rei, como fizeste a Jericó e a seu rei; salvo que para vós tomareis os seus despojos, e o seu gado. Põe emboscadas à cidade, por detrás dela.

3 Então Josué levantou-se, com toda a gente de guerra, para subir contra Ai; e escolheu Josué trinta mil homens valorosos, e enviou-os de noite.

4 E deu-lhes ordem, dizendo: Ponde-vos de emboscada contra a cidade, por detrás dela; não vos distancieis muito da cidade, mas estai todos vós apercebidos.

5 Mas eu e todo o povo que está comigo nos aproximaremos da cidade; e quando eles nos saírem ao encontro, como dantes, fugiremos diante deles.

6 E eles sairão atrás de nós, até que os tenhamos afastado da cidade, pois dirão: Fogem diante de nós como dantes. Assim fugiremos diante deles;

7 e vós saireis da emboscada, e tomareis a cidade, porque o Senhor vosso Deus vo-la entregará nas maos.

8 Logo que tiverdes tomado a cidade, pôr-lhe-eis fogo, fazendo conforme a palavra do Senhor; olhai que vo-lo tenho mandado.

9 Assim Josué os enviou, e eles se foram à emboscada, colocando-se entre Betel e Ai, ao ocidente de Ai; porém Josué passou aquela noite no meio do povo.

10 Levantando-se Josué de madrugada, passou o povo em revista; então subiu, com os anciãos de Israel, adiante do povo contra Ai.

11 Todos os homens armados que estavam com ele subiram e, aproximando-se pela frente da cidade, acamparam-se ao norte de Ai, havendo um vale entre eles e Ai.

12 Tomou também cerca de cinco mil homens, e pô-los de emboscada entre Betel e Ai, ao ocidente da cidade.

13 Assim dispuseram o povo, todo o arraial ao norte da cidade, e a sua emboscada ao ocidente da cidade. Marchou Josué aquela noite até o meio do vale.

14 Quando o rei de Ai viu isto, ele e todo o seu povo se apressaram, levantando-se de madrugada, e os homens da cidade saíram ao encontro de Israel ao combate, ao lugar determinado, defronte da planície; mas ele não sabia que se achava uma emboscada contra ele atrás da cidade.

15 Josué, pois, e todo o Israel fingiram-se feridos diante deles, e furiram pelo caminho do deserto:

16 Portanto, todo o povo que estava na cidade foi convocado para os perseguir; e seguindo eles após Josué, afastaram-se da cidade.

17 Nem um só homem ficou em Ai, nem em Betel, que não saísse após Israel; assim deixaram a cidade aberta, e seguiram a Israel:

18 Então o Senhor disse a Josué: Estende para Ai a lança que tens na mão; porque eu ta entregarei. E Josué estendeu para a cidade a lança que estava na sua mão.

19 E, tendo ele estendido a mão, os que estavam de emboscada se levantaram apressadamente do seu lugar e, correndo, entraram na cidade, e a tomaram; e, apressando-se, puseram fogo à cidade.

20 Nisso, olhando os homens de Ai para trás, viram a fumaça da cidade, que subia ao céu, e não puderam fugir nem para uma parte nem para outra, porque o povo que fugia para o deserto se tornou contra eles.

21 E vendo Josué e todo o Israel que a emboscada tomara a cidade, e que a fumaça da cidade subia, voltaram e feriram os homens de Ai.

22 Também aqueles que estavam na cidade lhes saíram ao encontro, e assim os de Ai ficaram no meio dos israelitas, estando estes de uma e de outra parte; e feriram-nos, de sorte que não deixaram ficar nem escapar nenhum deles.

23 Mas ao rei de Ai tomaram vivo, e o trouxeram a Josué.

24 Quando os israelitas acabaram de matar todos os moradores de Ai no campo, no deserto para onde os tinham seguido, e havendo todos caído ao fio da espada até serem consumidos, então todo o Israel voltou para Ai e a feriu a fio de espada.

25 Ora, todos os que caíram naquele dia, assim homens como mulheres, foram doze mil, isto é, todos os de Ai.

26 Pois Josué não retirou a mão, que estendera com a lança, até destruir totalmente a todos os moradores de Ai.

27 Tão-somente os israelitas tomaram para si o gado e os despojos da cidade, conforme a palavra que o Senhor ordenara a Josue:

28 Queimou pois Josué a Ai, e a tornou num perpétuo montão de ruínas, como o é até o dia de hoje.

29 Ao rei de Ai enforcou num madeiro, deixando-o ali até a tarde. Ao pôr do sol, por ordem de Josué, tiraram do madeiro o cadáver, lançaram-no à porta da cidade e levantaram sobre ele um grande montão de pedras, que permanece até o dia de hoje.

30 Então Josué edificou um altar ao Senhor Deus de Israel, no monte Ebal,

31 como Moisés, servo do Senhor, ordenara aos filhos de Israel, conforme o que está escrito no livro da lei de Moisés, a saber: um altar de pedras brutas, sobre as quais não se levantara ferramenta; e ofereceram sobre ele holocaustos ao Senhor, e sacrificaram ofertas parcíficas.

32 Também ali, na presença dos filhos de Israel, escreveu em pedras uma cópia da lei de Moisés, a qual este escrevera.

33 E todo o Israel, tanto o estrangeiro como o natural, com os seus anciãos, oficiais e juízes, estava de um e de outro lado da arca, perante os levitas sacerdotes que levavam a arca do pacto do Senhor; metade deles em frente do monte Gerizim, e a outra metade em frente do monte Ebal, como Moisés, servo do Senhor, dantes ordenara, para que abençoassem o povo de Israel.

34 Depois leu em alta voz todas as palavras da lei, a bênção e a maldição, conforme tudo o que está escrito no livro da lei.

35 Palavra nenhuma houve, de tudo o que Moisés ordenara, que Josué não lesse perante toda a congregação de Israel, e as mulheres, e os pequeninos, e os estrangeiros que andavam no meio deles.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 8

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 8: The fall of Ai and the renewal of the covenant.

The events of this chapter - and their spiritual meaning for us - follow on from the previous chapter. After their first setback at Ai, the Children of Israel take the city of Ai by using a clever ruse. Joshua chose thirty thousand men for the battle. The plan was for five thousand of them to hide near the city, while he led the main army to attack the city. Then, Joshua and his forces would pretend to run away, pursued by the men of Ai. Those who had hidden were then to come out, go into the city, and set it on fire. The men of Ai would see this and run back, get ambushed, and be caught between Joshua’s two armies.

It all happened as planned, and Israel took Ai. (See Arcana Caelestia 1557). As with Jericho, everything in Ai was commanded to be destroyed, except that in this case the livestock and the city’s spoils were to be kept. The whole city was burned and its king was hanged on a tree until sunset and then his body was thrown down at the city entrance with a great heap of stones put over it.

The basic spiritual meaning of any battle in the Bible such as this, is to show how a heavenly principle can and will overcome a hellish or evil attack, especially for us, during some temptation - when we seek to resist and fight back.

Evil is only strong in illusion and fear-mongering; when the light of what is true shines on evil it gets shown for what it is. (Heaven and Hell 49)

The city’s name “Ai” means “a heap”. The word gets used several times in the text of the chapter. A heap implies rubble and rubbish. Cities sometimes look noble and well-planned; in Ai’s case it was the very opposite - a heap, a ruin. (Heaven and Hell 586[2])

While Jericho generally represents our wrong thinking, which first stands in the way of our regeneration and spiritual will, Ai represents our evil emotions and our selfish passions. Both of them must fall before we can make further progress.

Joshua chooses a large number to go against a relatively few in Ai, who nevertheless all rush out to fight Israel. “There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel. Thus they left the city open.” (Joshua 8:17)

Joshua’s tactic of drawing out the men of Ai means our challenge to evil - by confronting it with the truths and commandments we know and obey. Joshua’s pretence of fleeing away draws Ai out in glee, interpreting the flight as a real retreat. Then everything turns, and Joshua’s men go forward representing the power of the truth, the Word and our persuasion of their effectiveness in winning. (Arcana Caelestia 6344[4])

Ai’s men see their city on fire, for other Israelites entered Ai and set it ablaze. This represents the self-condemnation of evil, of hell, when it is exposed to what is true, heavenly and of God. But Joshua’s men, lying in ambush and waiting for the moment, represent our keen observation of how our selfish desires work to cause havoc in us. They are 5,000. Symbolically, in the Bible, five or its multiples always stand for a small amount - but enough to use.

Hanging the king of Ai stands for our need to put down the controlling power of any evil which stirs us. And all Ai is destroyed, because all evil must be turned against and refused.

Then, and only then, Joshua remakes the covenant with the Lord God; he builds an altar, he writes a copy on stones of the Law of Moses in the presence of all Israel, the priests stand in two groups in front of two mountains, then Joshua reads the words of blessing and cursing and all the Law of Moses.

After we resist any evil and its temptation, we must re-hear and re-affirm the truth that this was the Lord’s victory, not ours, and re-dedicate ourselves to the life the Lord gives us. (True Christian Religion 13[2])

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Joshua 8

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1 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai: see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land:

2 And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush for the city behind it.

3 So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up against Ai: and Joshua chose out thirty thousand mighty men of valour, and sent them away by night.

4 And he commanded them, saying, Behold, ye shall lie in wait against the city, even behind the city: go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready:

5 And I, and all the people that are with me, will approach unto the city: and it shall come to pass, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them,

6 (For they will come out after us) till we have drawn them from the city; for they will say, They flee before us, as at the first: therefore we will flee before them.

7 Then ye shall rise up from the ambush, and seize upon the city: for the LORD your God will deliver it into your hand.

8 And it shall be, when ye have taken the city, that ye shall set the city on fire: according to the commandment of the LORD shall ye do. See, I have commanded you.

9 Joshua therefore sent them forth: and they went to lie in ambush, and abode between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of Ai: but Joshua lodged that night among the people.

10 And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people, and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai.

11 And all the people, even the people of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai: now there was a valley between them and Ai.

12 And he took about five thousand men, and set them to lie in ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of the city.

13 And when they had set the people, even all the host that was on the north of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.

14 And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that they hasted and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at a time appointed, before the plain; but he wist not that there were liers in ambush against him behind the city.

15 And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness.

16 And all the people that were in Ai were called together to pursue after them: and they pursued after Joshua, and were drawn away from the city.

17 And there was not a man left in Ai or Bethel, that went not out after Israel: and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel.

18 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Stretch out the spear that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thine hand. And Joshua stretched out the spear that he had in his hand toward the city.

19 And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire.

20 And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way: and the people that fled to the wilderness turned back upon the pursuers.

21 And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned again, and slew the men of Ai.

22 And the other issued out of the city against them; so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side: and they smote them, so that they let none of them remain or escape.

23 And the king of Ai they took alive, and brought him to Joshua.

24 And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness wherein they chased them, and when they were all fallen on the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword.

25 And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai.

26 For Joshua drew not his hand back, wherewith he stretched out the spear, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.

27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey unto themselves, according unto the word of the LORD which he commanded Joshua.

28 And Joshua burnt Ai, and made it an heap for ever, even a desolation unto this day.

29 And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until eventide: and as soon as the sun was down, Joshua commanded that they should take his carcase down from the tree, and cast it at the entering of the gate of the city, and raise thereon a great heap of stones, that remaineth unto this day.

30 Then Joshua built an altar unto the LORD God of Israel in mount Ebal,

31 As Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones, over which no man hath lift up any iron: and they offered thereon burnt offerings unto the LORD, and sacrificed peace offerings.

32 And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel.

33 And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, as well the stranger, as he that was born among them; half of them over against mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded before, that they should bless the people of Israel.

34 And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law.

35 There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the congregation of Israel, with the women, and the little ones, and the strangers that were conversant among them.