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Jeremias 49

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1 Om Ammons barn. Så sier Herren: Har Israel ingen barn, eller har han ingen arving? Hvorfor har deres konge* tatt Gad til eie, og hans folk bosatt sig i dets byer? / {* d.e. deres (ammonittenes) avgud Molok; 1KG 11, 5. 7. AMO 1, 15.}

2 Se, derfor skal dager komme, sier Herren, da jeg lar krigsskrik høre mot abba i Ammons land, og det skal bli til en øde grusdynge, og dets døtre* skal brennes op med ild, og Israel skal ta sine eiere til eie, sier Herren. / {* d.e. dets omliggende byer.}

3 Hyl, Hesbon! For Ai er ødelagt. Skrik, I abbas døtre, omgjord eder med sekk, jamre eder og løp omkring ved kveene! For deres konge* går i fangenskap, hans prester og høvdinger alle sammen. / {* JE 49, 1.}

4 Hvorfor roser du dig av dine daler, av din dals overflod, du frafalne datter, som setter din lit til dine skatter og sier: Hvem kan gjøre mig noget?

5 Se, jeg lar frykt komme over dig, sier Herren, Israels Gud, hærskarenes Gud, fra alle dem som bor rundt omkring dig, og I skal bli drevet bort, hver til sin kant, uten at nogen samler de flyktende.

6 Men derefter vil jeg gjøre ende på Ammons barns fangenskap, sier Herren.

7 Om Edom. Så sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud: Er det ikke mere nogen visdom i Teman? Finnes ikke lenger råd hos de forstandige? Er deres visdom uttømt?

8 Fly, vend eder, skjul eder dypt nede, I Dedans innbyggere! For jeg lar Esaus ulykke komme over ham, den tid da jeg hjemsøker ham.

9 Om vinhøstere kommer over dig, så vil de ikke levne nogen efterhøst, om tyver kommer om natten, så vil de ødelegge til de har nok.

10 For jeg klær Esau naken, jeg avdekker hans skjulesteder, og vil han skjule sig, så kan han det ikke; hans barn og hans brødre og hans naboer blir ødelagt, og han er ikke mere.

11 Forlat dine farløse! Jeg vil holde dem i live, og dine enker kan stole på mig.

12 For så sier Herren: Se, de som det ikke tilkom å drikke begeret*, de skal drikke, og så skulde du bli ustraffet? Nei, du skal ikke bli ustraffet, drikke skal du. / {* d.e. Herrens folk. JE 25, 29. KLA 4, 21.}

13 For jeg har svoret ved mig selv, sier Herren, at Bosra skal bli til en forferdelse, til spott, til en ørken og til en forbannelse, og alle dets byer skal bli til evige grusdynger.

14 En tidende har jeg hørt fra Herren, og et bud er sendt ut iblandt folkene: Samle eder og dra imot det, stå op til krig!

15 For se, jeg gjør dig liten blandt folkene, foraktet blandt menneskene.

16 edsel over dig! Ditt hjertes overmot har dåret dig, du som bor i fjellkløfter, du som holder til oppe på høidene. Om du bygger ditt rede høit som ørnen, så vil jeg styrte dig ned derfra, sier Herren.

17 Og Edom skal bli til en forferdelse; hver den som går forbi det, skal forferdes og spotte over alle dets plager.

18 Som da Sodoma og Gomorra og dets nabobyer blev lagt i grus, sier Herren, skal ingen mann bo der, og intet menneskebarn opholde sig der.

19 Se, han* stiger op som en løve fra Jordans prakt** til de alltid grønne enger; for i et øieblikk vil jeg jage Edoms folk bort derfra, og den som er utvalgt, ham vil jeg sette over det; for hvem er som jeg, og hvem vil stevne mig, og hvem er den hyrde som kan stå for mitt åsyn? / {* Nebukadnesar.} / {** JE 12, 5.}

20 Hør derfor det råd som Herren har lagt mot Edom, og de tanker som han har tenkt mot Temans innbyggere: Visselig, de skal bli slept bort de små lam; visselig, deres beitemark skal forferdes over dem.

21 Ved braket av deres fall bever jorden; det lyder skrik som høres like til det øde Hav.

22 Se, som en ørn farer han op og flyver og breder sine vinger ut over Bosra, og Edoms kjemper blir på den dag til mote som en kvinne i barnsnød.

23 Om Damaskus. Hamat og Arpad er blitt til skamme, for de har hørt en ond tidende, de forgår av angst; i havet er det uro, det kan ikke være stille.

24 Damaskus er motløst, det vender sig til flukt, forferdelse har grepet det; angst og veer har grepet det som den fødende kvinne.

25 Hvor den er forlatt, den lovpriste stad, min gledes by*! / {* således klager Damaskus' innbyggere.}

26 Derfor skal dens unge menn falle på dens gater, og alle krigsmennene skal tilintetgjøres på den dag, sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud.

27 Jeg vil sette ild på Damaskus' mur, og den skal fortære Benhadads palasser.

28 Om Kedar og om Hasors riker*, som Babels konge Nebukadnesar slo. Så sier Herren: Stå op, dra op mot Kedar og ødelegg Østens barn! / {* d.e. Arabia. JES 21, 13 fg. JE 9, 25. 26; 25, 23. 24.}

29 Deres telt og deres småfe skal de ta; deres telttepper og alle deres redskaper og deres kameler skal de føre bort med sig, og de skal rope til dem: edsel rundt omkring!

30 Fly, flykt alt det I kan, skjul eder dypt nede, I Hasors innbyggere, sier Herren; for Babels konge Nebukadnesar har lagt råd imot eder og tenkt ut ondt imot eder.

31 Stå op, dra op mot et rolig folk, som bor trygt, sier Herren; de har hverken port eller bom, de bor for sig selv.

32 Deres kameler skal bli til rov, og deres store buskap skal bli til hærfang, og jeg vil sprede dem for alle vinder, dem med rundklippet hår, og fra alle kanter vil jeg la ulykke komme over dem, sier Herren.

33 Og Hasor skal bli til bolig for sjakaler, en ørken til evig tid; ingen mann skal bo der, og intet menneskebarn opholde sig der.

34 Dette er Herrens ord som kom til profeten Jeremias om Elam* i begynnelsen av Judas konge Sedekias' regjering: / {* d.e. Persia. JE 25, 25. JES 21, 2.}

35 Så sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud: Se, jeg knekker Elams bue, deres beste våben.

36 Og jeg vil la fire vinder fra himmelens fire hjørner komme over Elam og sprede dem for alle disse vinder, og det skal ikke være noget folk som de bortdrevne fra Elam ikke kommer til.

37 Og jeg vil gjøre Elam redd for sine fiender og for dem som står dem efter livet, og jeg vil la ulykke komme over dem, min brennende vrede, sier Herren, og jeg vil sende sverd efter dem, inntil jeg får gjort ende på dem.

38 Og jeg vil sette min trone i Elam, og jeg vil utrydde konge og høvdinger der, sier Herren.

39 Men det skal skje i de siste dager, da vil jeg gjøre ende på Elams fangenskap, sier Herren.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 435

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435. Of the tribe of Gad twelve thousand sealed, signifies the good of life therefrom. This is evident from the representation of "the tribe of Gad," as being the good of life (of which presently); also from the signification of "twelve thousand sealed," as being that all such are in heaven and come into heaven (as explained in the two preceding articles). Before showing from the Word what in the church was represented by "Gad" and by the tribe named from him, something shall be said respecting what is meant by the good of life, which is here signified by "the tribe of Gad." There is the good of life from a celestial origin, from a spiritual origin, and from a natural origin. The good of life from a celestial origin is the good of life that comes from the good of love to the Lord through truths from that good; the good of life is an effect of these. Such good of life is what is here signified by "the tribe of Gad;" therefore it is called "the good of life therefrom," namely, from the good of love to the Lord, which is signified by "the tribe of Judah," through truths from that good, which are signified by "the tribe of Reuben." The good of life from a spiritual origin is the good of life that comes from good of charity towards the neighbor through truths from that good; this good of life is meant by "Manasseh."

[2] For the twelve tribes of Israel are here divided into four classes, and there are three tribes in each class, and the three in series signify such things as from beginning to end, or from first to last, fully constitute that universal essential of the church that is signified by the first tribe. The three tribes first named, that is, the tribes of Judah, Reuben, and Gad, signify those things that fully constitute celestial good; but the three following tribes, namely, the tribes of Asher, Naphtali, and Manasseh, signify those that fully constitute spiritual good. So it is with the tribes that follow.

[3] Moreover, there are three things which fully constitute and form each universal essential, namely, the good of love, the truth from that good, and the good of life therefrom. The good of life is the effect of the other two; for unless there is a third that is brought forth, the two former can have no existence, that is, unless there is the good of life, the good of love and truth from that good can have no existence. These three are like the final cause, the effecting cause, and the effect. The good of love is the final cause, truth from that good is the effecting cause or that through which good is brought into effect, and the good of life is the effect in which the prior causes have existence; and these have no existence unless there is an effect in which they may exist and subsist. Again, these three are like the pulse of the heart, the respiration of the lungs, and the action of the body; these make a one: for if the body does not act, or does not let itself be put in action, as is the case when man dies, the other two cease. It is the same with the good of love, the truth from that good, and the good of life. The good of love is like the heart, and is also meant by "heart" in the Word; truth from that good is like the lungs, and is also meant by "breath" and "soul" in the Word; and the good of life is like the body in which the others act and live. Three like things are in everything that has existence, and when the three exist together there is full formation.

[4] What is signified by "Gad," or "the tribe of Gad," in every sense shall first be explained. In the highest sense "Gad" signifies the Lord in respect to omnipotence and omniscience; in the internal sense the good of truth; and in the external sense works therefrom, which are the good of life. "Gad" signifies such things because in each and every thing of the Word there is an inmost, an internal, and an external sense. In the inmost sense is the Lord alone for it treats of Him, of His glorifying His Human, arranging the heavens in order, subjugating the hells, and establishing the church from Himself; therefore in the inmost sense each tribe signifies the Lord in respect to some attribute and work of His; while in the internal sense heaven and the church are treated of, and doctrine is taught. But the Word in the external sense is such as it is in the sense of the letter. There are three senses in the Word, because there are three heavens; the inmost or celestial sense is for the inmost or third heaven, the internal or spiritual sense is for the middle or second heaven, and the external or spiritual-natural sense is for the first or lowest heaven.

[5] In this passage of Revelation, where the twelve tribes are mentioned, "the tribe of Gad" signifies the good of life, because it follows in order after Judah and Reuben, and "Judah" signifies the good of love, "Reuben" the truth from that good, consequently "Gad" signifies the good of life; for the good of life has existence from the good of love, through truths from that good, the good of life following as the third in order, being the effect of the two former as was said above.

Because the good of life is the good of the natural man, therefore an inheritance was given to the tribe of Gad 1 beyond Jordan, together with the tribe of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh; for the land that was beyond Jordan signified the external church (as was shown in the article above), and the things that go forth from the natural man belong to the external church. The church itself regarded in itself is in the internal or spiritual man; but the external church is in the external or natural man, yet these must act as a one, like cause and effect.

[6] That an inheritance beyond Jordan was given to the tribe of Gad is evident in Moses:

To Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh an inheritance was given beyond Jordan, which was a place for cattle; and it was given with the condition that they should cross over, armed, with the rest, to take possession of the land of Canaan (Numbers 32:1; 34:14).

Unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave Gilead even unto the brook of Arnon within the brook and the border, and even unto the brook Jabbok, the border of the sons of Ammon; the plain also, and Jordan, and the border from Chinnereth even unto the sea, the plain, the salt sea, under the springs of Pisgah toward sunrise (Deuteronomy 3:16, 17).

And in Joshua:

Moses gave to the sons of Gad that Jazer should be their border, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the sons of Ammon, even unto Aroer that is before the faces of Rabbah; and from Heshbon unto Ramath of Mispeh, and Betonim (Joshua 13:24-28).

The signification of "Gad" can be seen not only from the passages in the Word where Gad is mentioned, but also from the lands given to that tribe for an inheritance, where these also are mentioned in the Word, as Heshbon, Jazer, Rabbah, Ramath of Mispeh, the brook of Arnon, Chinnereth, the springs of Pisgah, and many other places. What these lands signify in the spiritual sense no one can know unless he knows the signification of "the tribe of Reuben, of Gad, and of the half tribe of Manasseh," to whom these lands were given for a possession; for they signify such things as are signified by those tribes in a wide and in a restricted sense.

[7] As in Jeremiah:

Against the sons of Ammon: Hath Israel no sons? Hath he no heir? Why then hath their king inherited Gad, and his people dwelt in the cities thereof? Therefore behold, the days come in which I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it shall become a heap of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire, and Israel shall be heir unto them that were his heirs. Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated; cry out, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth; lament, and wander about among the walls, for their king shall go into exile, and his priests and his princes together (Jeremiah 49:1-3).

Unless one knows what is signified by "Gad" and by "Israel," he cannot know what is here signified by "the sons of Ammon," by "Heshbon," and by "Rabbah;" for Rabbah, Heshbon, and half of the land of Ammon were given to the tribe of Gad for an inheritance; therefore those lands signify such things in particular as are signified in general by Gad; for it is said "Why then hath the king of the sons of Ammon inherited Gad, and his people dwelt in the cities thereof?" For all names of lands, of regions, of cities, of rivers, and of peoples, in the Word signify the things of the church. "Gad" here signifies the good of life according to the truths of doctrine; "Israel" the church in respect to truth; "the sons of Ammon" signify the falsifications of truth; "Heshbon" signifies the fructification of truth in the natural man; "the daughters of Rabbah" signify the affections of truth in the natural man, and "Ai" the doctrine of truth. When these things are known, the spiritual sense of these words follows in this series: "Against the sons of Ammon" signifies against the falsifications of truth; "hath Israel no sons? hath he no heir?" signifies, are there in the church no knowledges of truth and good? "Israel" meaning the church, "his sons" truths, and "heir" the good of truth; "why then hath their king inherited Gad, and his people dwelt in the cities thereof?" signifies, why hath truth falsified destroyed the good of life, and also perverted the doctrinals according to which is life? "Behold, the days come, in which I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and it shall become a heap of desolation," signifies the destruction of that doctrine, that is, of truth falsified, and the destruction of those who are in it; "and her daughters shall be burned with fire," signifies that the affections of that doctrine shall become lusts of evil; "and Israel shall be heir unto them that were his heirs," signifies that the church in respect to goods is to perish; "howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated," signifies that there is no longer any fructification of truth from good, because the doctrine of truth is destroyed; "cry out, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth, lament," signifies that there are no longer any affections of truth; "and wander about among the walls," signifies thought and life from falsities; "for their king hath gone into exile," signifies because truth is no more; "and his priests and his princes together," signifies that both goods and the truths of good are no more. This makes clear that "the lands of the inheritance of Gad" signify similar things in particular as "Gad" does in general, and that the significations of the lands mentioned in the Word can be known from the signification of the tribes to which they were given for inheritance. The lands that it is said would be given for an inheritance to the tribe of Gad, in Ezekiel (Ezekiel 48:27), mean something else; evidently the tribe of Gad is not meant, but such a constituent of the church as is signified by "Gad," for there was then no tribe of Gad, nor will there be.

[8] That "Gad" signifies the good of life from the truths of doctrine is evident from the blessing of that tribe by Moses:

To Gad he said, Blessed is he who hath given breadth to Gad; as a lion he dwelleth, and he teareth the arm, yea, the crown of the head, and he seeth the firstfruits for himself; for there is the portion of the hidden lawgiver; whence came the heads of the people; he hath executed the righteousness of Jehovah, and judgments 2 with Israel (Deuteronomy 33:20, 21).

Here the good of life according to truths from the Word, and the influx of heaven into that good are described by "Gad;" the influx of truth from the Lord into that good is signified by "Blessed is he who hath given breadth to Gad;" "breadth" signifying truth, "Gad" the good of life, and "Blessed" the Lord. To be safe from falsities is signified by "as a lion he dwelleth;" to be nourished by truths external and internal is signified by "he teareth the arm, yea, the crown of the head," for "the arm" and "the crown of the head" in sacrifices have this signification; that these truths are from things primary is signified by "he seeth the firstfruits for himself;" truths Divine that lie hidden therein are signified by "for there is the portion of the hidden lawgiver;" intelligence therefrom is signified by "whence came the heads of the people;" good works therefrom are signified by "he hath executed the righteousness of Jehovah;" and truths of the church therefrom are signified by "His judgments with Israel."

[9] "Gad" signifies the good of life because he was named from the Hebrew word for "troop" (Genesis 30:10, 11), "gad" in the Hebrew meaning troop, and "troop" in the spiritual sense signifies works; and the good of life consists in doing the goods which are works (respecting which seeArcana Coelestia 3934). In the blessing given by Israel his father it is thus said in Moses:

Gad, a troop shall ravage him; and he shall ravage the heel (Genesis 49:19).

What "Gad" here signifies may be seen explained in Arcana Coelestia 6403-6406); also (in n. 6405) what is signified by these words in Isaiah:

Ye are they that forsake Jehovah, that forget the mountain of My holiness, that arrange a table for Gad, and fill a drink-offering for Meni (Isaiah 65:11).

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. The photolithograph has "Dan" for "Gad."

2. The photolithograph has "judgment;" but in explanation below with the Hebrew "judgments."

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

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