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Leviticus 4

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1 και-C λαλεω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM προς-P *μωυσης-N1M-ASM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM

2 λαλεω-VA--AAD2S προς-P ο- A--APM υιος-N2--APM *ισραηλ-N---GSM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM ψυχη-N1--NSF εαν-C αμαρτανω-VB--AAS3S εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM ακουσιως-D απο-P ο- A--GPN προσταγμα-N3M-GPN κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --GPN ου-D δεω-V2--PAI3S ποιεω-V2--PAN και-C ποιεω-VA--AAS3S εις-A3--ASN τις- I--ASN απο-P αυτος- D--GPN

3 εαν-C μεν-X ο- A--NSM αρχιερευς-N3V-NSM ο- A--NSM χριω-VT--XPPNSM αμαρτανω-VB--AAS3S ο- A--GSN ο- A--ASM λαος-N2--ASM αμαρτανω-VB--AAN και-C προςαγω-VF--FAI3S περι-P ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF αυτος- D--GSM ος- --GSF αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI3S μοσχος-N2--ASM εκ-P βους-N3--GPM αμωμος-A1B-ASM ο- A--DSM κυριος-N2--DSM περι-P ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF αυτος- D--GSM

4 και-C προςαγω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM παρα-P ο- A--ASF θυρα-N1A-ASF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASF χειρ-N3--ASF αυτος- D--GSM επι-P ο- A--ASF κεφαλη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM και-C σφαζω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM ενωπιον-P κυριος-N2--GSM

5 και-C λαμβανω-VB--AAPNSM ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM ο- A--NSM χριστος-A1--NSM ο- A--NSM τελειοω-VM--XPPNSM ο- A--APF χειρ-N3--APF απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM και-C ειςφερω-VF--FAI3S αυτος- D--ASN επι-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

6 και-C βαπτω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM ο- A--ASM δακτυλος-N2--ASM εις-P ο- A--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN και-C προςραινω-VF2-FAI3S απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN επτακις-D εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM κατα-P ο- A--ASN καταπετασμα-N3M-ASN ο- A--ASN αγιος-A1A-ASN

7 και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM επι-P ο- A--APN κερας-N3T-APN ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GSN θυμιαμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSF συνθεσις-N3I-GSF ο- A--GSN εναντιον-P κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --NSN ειμι-V9--PAI3S εν-P ο- A--DSF σκηνη-N1--DSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN και-C πας-A3--ASN ο- A--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM εκχεω-VF2-FAI3S παρα-P ο- A--ASF βασις-N3I-ASF ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GPN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-GPN ος- --NSN ειμι-V9--PAI3S παρα-P ο- A--APF θυρα-N1A-APF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

8 και-C πας-A3--ASN ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSM ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF περιαιρεω-VF2-FAI3S απο-P αυτος- D--GSM ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN ο- A--ASN κατακαλυπτω-V1--PAPASN ο- A--APN ενδοσθια-N2N-APN και-C πας-A3--ASN ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN ο- A--ASN επι-P ο- A--GPN ενδοσθια-N2N-GPN

9 και-C ο- A--APM δυο-M νεφρος-N2--APM και-C ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN ο- A--ASN επι-P αυτος- D--GPM ος- --NSN ειμι-V9--PAI3S επι-P ο- A--GPN μηριον-N2N-GPN και-C ο- A--ASM λοβος-N2--ASM ο- A--ASM επι-P ο- A--GSN ηπαρ-N3T-GSN συν-P ο- A--DPM νεφρος-N2--DPM περιαιρεω-VF2-FAI3S αυτος- D--ASN

10 ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM αποαιρεω-V2--PMI3S απο-P ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSM ο- A--GSF θυσια-N1A-GSF ο- A--GSN σωτηριον-N2N-GSN και-C αναφερω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM επι-P ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ο- A--GSF καρπωσις-N3I-GSF

11 και-C ο- A--ASN δερμα-N3M-ASN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM και-C πας-A1S-ASF αυτος- D--GSM ο- A--ASF σαρξ-N3K-ASF συν-P ο- A--DSF κεφαλη-N1--DSF και-C ο- A--DPN ακρωτηριον-N2N-DPN και-C ο- A--DSF κοιλια-N1A-DSF και-C ο- A--DSF κοπρος-N2--DSF

12 και-C εκφερω-VF--FAI3P ολος-A1--ASM ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM εξω-P ο- A--GSF παρεμβολη-N1--GSF εις-P τοπος-N2--ASM καθαρος-A1A-ASM ου-D εκχεω-VF2-FAI3P ο- A--ASF σποδια-N1A-ASF και-C κατακαιω-VF--FAI3P αυτος- D--ASM επι-P ξυλον-N2N-GPN εν-P πυρ-N3--DSN επι-P ο- A--GSF εκχυσις-N3I-GSF ο- A--GSF σποδια-N1A-GSF καιω-VC--FPI3S

13 εαν-C δε-X πας-A1S-NSF συναγωγη-N1--NSF *ισραηλ-N---GSM αγνοεω-VA--AAS3S ακουσιως-D και-C λανθανω-VB--AAS3S ρημα-N3M-NSN εκ-P οφθαλμος-N2--GPM ο- A--GSF συναγωγη-N1--GSF και-C ποιεω-VA--AAS3P εις-A1A-ASF απο-P πας-A1S-GPF ο- A--GPF εντολη-N1A-GPF κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --NSF ου-D ποιεω-VC--FPI3S και-C πλημμελεω-VA--AAS3P

14 και-C γιγνωσκω-VS--APS3S αυτος- D--DPM ο- A--NSF αμαρτια-N1A-NSF ος- --ASF αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI3P εν-P αυτος- D--DSF και-C προςαγω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSF συναγωγη-N1--NSF μοσχος-N2--ASM εκ-P βους-N3--GPM αμωμος-A1B-ASM περι-P ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF και-C προςαγω-VF--FAI3S αυτος- D--ASM παρα-P ο- A--APF θυρα-N1A-APF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

15 και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3P ο- A--NPM πρεσβυτερος-A1--NPM ο- A--GSF συναγωγη-N1--GSF ο- A--APF χειρ-N3--APF αυτος- D--GPM επι-P ο- A--ASF κεφαλη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM και-C σφαζω-VF--FAI3P ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM

16 και-C ειςφερω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM ο- A--NSM χριστος-A1--NSM απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM εις-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

17 και-C βαπτω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM ο- A--ASM δακτυλος-N2--ASM απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSM μοσχος-N2--GSM και-C ραινω-VF2-FAI3S επτακις-D εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM κατενωπιον-P ο- A--GSN καταπετασμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSM αγιος-A1A-GSM

18 και-C απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM επι-P ο- A--APN κερας-N3T-APN ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GPN θυμιαμα-N3M-GPN ο- A--GSF συνθεσις-N3I-GSF ος- --NSN ειμι-V9--PAI3S ενωπιον-P κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --NSN ειμι-V9--PAI3S εν-P ο- A--DSF σκηνη-N1--DSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN και-C ο- A--ASN πας-A3--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN εκχεω-VF2-FAI3S προς-P ο- A--ASF βασις-N3I-ASF ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GPF καρπωσις-N3I-GPF ο- A--GPF προς-P ο- A--DSF θυρα-N1A-DSF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

19 και-C ο- A--ASN πας-A3--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN περιαιρεω-VF2-FAI3S απο-P αυτος- D--GSN και-C αναφερω-VF--FAI3S επι-P ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN

20 και-C ποιεω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM ποιεω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM ο- A--ASM ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF ουτως-D ποιεω-VC--FPI3S και-C εκιλασκομαι-VF--FMI3S περι-P αυτος- D--GPM ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM και-C αποιημι-VC--FPI3S αυτος- D--DPM ο- A--NSF αμαρτια-N1A-NSF

21 και-C εκφερω-VF--FAI3P ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM ολος-A1--ASM εξω-P ο- A--GSF παρεμβολη-N1--GSF και-C κατακαιω-VF--FAI3P ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM κατακαιω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM μοσχος-N2--ASM ο- A--ASM προτερος-A1A-ASM αμαρτια-N1A-NSF συναγωγη-N1--GSF ειμι-V9--PAI3S

22 εαν-C δε-X ο- A--NSM αρχων-N3--NSM αμαρτανω-VB--AAS3S και-C ποιεω-VA--AAS3S εις-A1A-ASF απο-P πας-A1S-GPF ο- A--GPF εντολη-N1A-GPF κυριος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSM θεος-N2--GSM αυτος- D--GPM ος- --NSF ου-D ποιεω-VC--FPI3S ακουσιως-D και-C αμαρτανω-VB--AAS3S και-C πλημμελεω-VA--AAS3S

23 και-C γιγνωσκω-VS--APS3S αυτος- D--DSM ο- A--NSF αμαρτια-N1A-NSF ος- --ASF αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI3S εν-P αυτος- D--DSF και-C προςφερω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASN δωρον-N2N-ASN αυτος- D--GSM χιμαρος-N2--ASM εκ-P αιξ-N3G-GPM αρσην-A3--ASN αμωμος-A1B-ASN

24 και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASF χειρ-N3--ASF επι-P ο- A--ASF κεφαλη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSM χιμαρος-N2--GSM και-C σφαζω-VF--FAI3P αυτος- D--ASM εν-P τοπος-N2--DSM ου-D σφαζω-V1--PAI3P ο- A--APN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-APN ενωπιον-P κυριος-N2--GSM αμαρτια-N1A-NSF ειμι-V9--PAI3S

25 και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSN ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF ο- A--DSM δακτυλος-N2--DSM επι-P ο- A--APN κερας-N3T-APN ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GPN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-GPN και-C ο- A--ASN πας-A3--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN αυτος- D--GSM εκχεω-VF2-FAI3S παρα-P ο- A--ASF βασις-N3I-ASF ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GPN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-GPN

26 και-C ο- A--ASN πας-A3--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN αυτος- D--GSM αναφερω-VF--FAI3S επι-P ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ωσπερ-D ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN θυσια-N1A-GSF σωτηριον-N2N-GSN και-C εκιλασκομαι-VF--FMI3S περι-P αυτος- D--GSM ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM απο-P ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF αυτος- D--GSM και-C αποιημι-VC--FPI3S αυτος- D--DSM

27 εαν-C δε-X ψυχη-N1--NSF εις-A1A-NSF αμαρτανω-VB--AAS3S ακουσιως-D εκ-P ο- A--GSM λαος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSF γη-N1--GSF εν-P ο- A--DSN ποιεω-VA--AAN εις-A1A-ASF απο-P πας-A1S-GPF ο- A--GPF εντολη-N1A-GPF κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --NSF ου-D ποιεω-VC--FPI3S και-C πλημμηλεω-VA--AAS3S

28 και-C γιγνωσκω-VS--APS3S αυτος- D--DSM ο- A--NSF αμαρτια-N1A-NSF ος- --ASF αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI3S εν-P αυτος- D--DSF και-C φερω-VF--FAI3S χιμαιρα-N1A-ASF εκ-P αιξ-N3G-GPM θηλυς-A3U-ASF αμωμος-A1B-ASF φερω-VF--FAI3S περι-P ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF ος- --GSF αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI3S

29 και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASF χειρ-N3--ASF επι-P ο- A--ASF κεφαλη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN αμαρτημα-N3M-GSN αυτος- D--GSM και-C σφαζω-VF--FAI3P ο- A--ASF χιμαιρα-N1A-ASF ο- A--ASF ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF εν-P τοπος-N2--DSM ου-D σφαζω-V1--PAI3P ο- A--APN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-APN

30 και-C λαμβανω-VF--FMI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN αυτος- D--GSF ο- A--DSM δακτυλος-N2--DSM και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S επι-P ο- A--APN κερας-N3T-APN ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GPN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-GPN και-C πας-A3--ASN ο- A--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN αυτος- D--GSF εκχεω-VF2-FAI3S παρα-P ο- A--ASF βασις-N3I-ASF ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN

31 και-C πας-A3--ASN ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN περιαιρεω-VF2-FAI3S ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM περιαιρεω-V2--PMI3S στεαρ-N3T-ASN απο-P θυσια-N1A-GSF σωτηριον-N2N-GSN και-C αναφερω-VF--FAI3S ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM επι-P ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN εις-P οσμη-N1--ASF ευωδια-N1A-GSF κυριος-N2--DSM και-C εκιλασκομαι-VF--FMI3S περι-P αυτος- D--GSM ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM και-C αποιημι-VC--FPI3S αυτος- D--DSM

32 εαν-C δε-X προβατον-N2N-ASN προςφερω-VA--AAS3S ο- A--ASN δωρον-N2N-ASN αυτος- D--GSM εις-P αμαρτια-N1A-ASF θηλυς-A3U-ASN αμωμος-A1B-ASN προςφερω-VF--FAI3S αυτος- D--ASN

33 και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S ο- A--ASF χειρ-N3--ASF επι-P ο- A--ASF κεφαλη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF και-C σφαζω-VF--FAI3P αυτος- D--ASN εν-P τοπος-N2--DSM ου-D σφαζω-V1--PAI3P ο- A--APN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-APN

34 και-C λαμβανω-VB--AAPNSM ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM απο-P ο- A--GSN αιμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSN ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF ο- A--DSM δακτυλος-N2--DSM επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S επι-P ο- A--APN κερας-N3T-APN ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GSF ολοκαυτωσις-N3I-GSF και-C πας-A3--ASN αυτος- D--GSN ο- A--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN εκχεω-VF2-FAI3S παρα-P ο- A--ASF βασις-N3I-ASF ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--GSF ολοκαυτωσις-N3I-GSF

35 και-C πας-A3--ASN αυτος- D--GSN ο- A--ASN στεαρ-N3T-ASN περιαιρεω-VF2-FAI3S ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM περιαιρεω-V2--PMI3S στεαρ-N3T-ASN προβατον-N2N-GSN εκ-P ο- A--GSF θυσια-N1A-GSF ο- A--GSN σωτηριον-N2N-GSN και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI3S αυτος- D--ASN ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM επι-P ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN επι-P ο- A--ASN ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-ASN κυριος-N2--GSM και-C εκιλασκομαι-VF--FMI3S περι-P αυτος- D--GSN ο- A--NSM ιερευς-N3V-NSM περι-P ο- A--GSF αμαρτια-N1A-GSF ος- --GSF αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI3S και-C αποιημι-VC--FPI3S αυτος- D--DSM

   

Bible

 

Leviticus 9:2

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2 και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM προς-P *ααρων-N---ASM λαμβανω-VB--AAD2S σεαυτου- D--DSM μοσχαριον-N2N-ASN εκ-P βους-N3--GPM περι-P αμαρτια-N1A-GSF και-C κριος-N2--ASM εις-P ολοκαυτωμα-N3M-ASN αμωμος-A1B-APN και-C προςφερω-VB--AAD2S αυτος- D--APN εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 2180

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2180. 'And took a young bull, tender and good' means a celestial-natural which the rational took to itself in order that it might join itself to perception from the Divine. This is clear from the meaning of 'a young bull' or 'a son of an ox' in the Word as natural good. And because the subject is the Lord's Rational, it is called 'tender' from the celestial-spiritual, which is truth grounded in good, and 'good' from the celestial itself, which is good itself. Within the genuine rational there is both the affection for truth and the affection for good, but that which is first and foremost there is the affection for truth, as shown already in 2072. This explains why 'tender' is mentioned before 'good'; but even so, as is quite usual in the Word, both are mentioned on account of the marriage of truth and good which is referred to above in 2173.

[2] That 'a young bull' or 'a son of an ox' means the celestial-natural, or what amounts to the same, natural good, becomes especially clear from the sacrifices, which were the principal representatives in the worship of the Hebrew Church and after this of the Jewish Church. Their sacrifices were made either from the herd or from the flock, thus from animals of various kinds that were clean, such as oxen, young bulls, he-goats, sheep, rams, she-goats, kids, and lambs, besides doves and fledgling pigeons. All of these creatures meant the internal features of worship, that is, celestial and spiritual things, 2165, 2177, those from the herd meaning celestial-natural, those from the flock celestial-rational. Because both of these - natural things and rational things - are more and more interior and are various, so many genera and so many species of these creatures were therefore employed in sacrifices. This fact becomes clear also from its being laid down as to which creatures were to be offered in burnt offerings and also which in every kind of sacrifice - the daily sacrifices; those offered on sabbaths and at festivals; those made as free-will, eucharistic, or votive offerings; and those offered in purifications, cleansings, and also in inaugurations. Which creatures were to be used, and how many, in each kind of sacrifice is mentioned explicitly. This would never have been done unless each one had had some specific meaning, as is quite evident from those places where the sacrifices are the subject, as in Chapter 29 of Exodus; Chapters 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, and 23 of Leviticus; and Chapters 7, 8, 15, and 29 of Numbers. But this is not the place to explain what each one meant. The situation is similar in the Prophets where those animals are mentioned, from which it may become clear that young bulls meant celestial-natural things.

[3] That none but heavenly things were meant becomes clear also from the cherubim seen by Ezekiel and from the living creatures before the throne which were seen by John. Regarding the cherubim the prophet says,

The likeness of their faces was the face of a man (homo); and they four had the face of a lion on the right side; and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; and they four had the face of an eagle. Ezekiel 1:10.

Regarding the four living creatures before the throne John says,

Around the throne were four living creatures - the first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature like a young bull, the third living creature had a face like a man (homo), the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle - saying, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and who is, and who is to come. Revelation 4:7-8.

Anyone may see that holy things were represented by the cherubim and these living creatures, thus also by the oxen and young bulls in the sacrifices. The same applies in the prophecy of Moses concerning Joseph,

Let it come upon the head of Joseph and upon the crown of the head of the Nazirite among his brothers. The firstborn of his ox has honour, and his horns are the horns of a unicorn; with these he will thrust the peoples together, to the ends of the earth. Deuteronomy 33:16-17.

These words are not intelligible to anyone unless he knows what ox, unicorn, horns, and many other things mean in the internal sense.

[4] As for sacrifices in general they were indeed commanded to the Israelites through Moses. But the Most Ancient Church which existed before the Flood never knew anything at all about sacrifices, nor did it ever enter their minds to worship the Lord by the slaughtering of animals. The Ancient Church which existed after the Flood knew nothing about it either. Representatives did indeed exist there, but not sacrifices. These were first introduced in the subsequent Church called the Hebrew Church, and from there they spread to the gentile nations, and even to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and so to Jacob's descendants. The fact that the gentile nations had sacrificial worship has been shown in 1343, and the fact that Jacob's descendants also had such worship before they left Egypt, thus before sacrifices were commanded through Moses on Mount Sinai, becomes clear from Exodus 5:3; 10:25, 27; 18:12; 24:4-5.

[5] This is especially clear from their idolatrous worship in front of the golden calf, regarding which the following is said in Moses,

Aaron built an altar in front of the calf, and Aaron made a proclamation and said, Tomorrow there will be a feast to Jehovah. And they rose up early the next morning and presented burnt offerings and brought peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. Exodus 32:5-6.

This happened while Moses was on Mount Sinai, and so before the command came to them regarding the altar and the sacrifices. That command came to them for the reason that sacrificial worship among them had been turned, as it had among the gentiles, into idolatrous worship, from which they could not be drawn away because they looked upon it as-the chief holy thing. Once something has been implanted in people from their earliest years as being holy, the more so if received from their fathers, and thus is inrooted, the Lord in no way breaks it - provided it is not contrary to order itself - but bends it. This was the reason for its being laid down that the sacrificial system should be established, such as one reads in the books of Moses.

[6] The fact that sacrifices were by no means acceptable to Jehovah, and so were merely permitted and tolerated for the reason just stated, is quite evident in the Prophets. Concerning them the following is said in Jeremiah,

Thus said Jehovah Zebaoth, the God of Israel, Add your burnt offerings on to your sacrifices, and eat the flesh. I did not speak with your fathers and I did not command them on the day I brought them out of the land of Egypt on the matters of burnt offering and sacrifice. But this matter I commanded them, saying, Obey My voice, and I will be your God. Jeremiah 7:21-23.

In David,

O Jehovah, sacrifice and offering You have not desired; burnt offering and sin-sacrifices You have not sought. I have delighted to do Your will, O my God. Psalms 40:6, 8.

In the same author,

You do not delight in sacrifice that I should give it; burnt offering You do not accept. The sacrifices of God are a contrite spirit. Psalms 51:16-17.

In the same author,

I will not take any young bull from your house, nor he-goats from your folds. Sacrifice to God confession. Psalms 50:9, 14; 107:21-22; 116:17; Deuteronomy 23:18.

In Hosea,

I desire mercy and not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings. Hosea 6:6.

Samuel said to Saul,

Has Jehovah great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices? Behold, to be submissive is better than sacrifice, to be obedient than the fat of rams. - 1 Samuel 15:22.

In Micah,

With what shall I come before Jehovah and bow myself to God on high? Shall I come before Him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams, with tens of thousands of rivers of oil? He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does Jehovah require of you but to carry out judgement, and to love mercy, and to humble yourself by walking with your God? Micah 6:6-8.

[7] From these quotations it is now evident that sacrifices were not commanded but permitted, and also that in sacrifices nothing else was regarded except that which was internal, and that it was that which was internal that was pleasing, not that which was external. For this reason also the Lord abolished them, as was also foretold through Daniel in the following words when he was speaking about the Lord's Coming,

In the middle of the week He will cause the sacrifice and the offering to cease. Daniel 9:27.

See what has been stated about sacrifices in Volume One, in 922, 923, 1128, 1823. As for 'the young bull' which Abraham made ready or prepared for the three men, the meaning is similar to that of the same animals when used in sacrifices. That it had a similar meaning becomes clear also from the fact that he told Sarah to take three measures of fine flour. Regarding the fine flour that went with the offering of a young bull the following is said in Moses - referring to when they were to come into the land,

When you make ready a young bull for a burnt offering or a sacrifice in the declaring of a vow, or for peace offerings to Jehovah, you shall bring with the young bull a minchah of three tenths of fine flour mixed with oil. Numbers 15:8-9.

Here similarly the number 'three' appears, though three 'tenths' here but three 'measures' in Abraham's instruction to Sarah. But only two tenths went with the offering of a ram, one tenth with that of a lamb, Numbers 15:4-6.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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