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Exodus 40

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1 και-C λαλεω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM προς-P *μωυσης-N1M-ASM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM

2 εν-P ημερα-N1A-DSF εις-A1A-DSF ο- A--GSM μην-N3--GSM ο- A--GSM πρωτος-A1--GSMS νουμηνια-N1A-DSF ιστημι-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

3 και-C τιθημι-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF κιβωτος-N2--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN και-C σκεπαζω-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF κιβωτος-N2--ASF ο- A--DSN καταπετασμα-N3M-DSN

4 και-C ειςφερω-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF τραπεζα-N1S-ASF και-C προτιθημι-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF προθεσις-N3I-ASF αυτος- D--GSF και-C ειςφερω-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF λυχνια-N1A-ASF και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI2S ο- A--APM λυχνος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSF

5 και-C τιθημι-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ο- A--ASN χρυσους-A1C-ASN εις-P ο- A--ASN θυμιαω-V3--PAN εναντιον-P ο- A--GSF κιβωτος-N2--GSF και-C επιτιθημι-VF--FAI2S καλυμμα-N3M-ASN καταπετασμα-N3M-GSN επι-P ο- A--ASF θυρα-N1A-ASF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

6 και-C ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ο- A--GPN καρπωμα-N3M-GPN τιθημι-VF--FAI2S παρα-P ο- A--APF θυρα-N1A-APF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN

8 και-C περιτιθημι-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF και-C πας-A3--APN ο- A--APN αυτος- D--GSF αγιαζω-VF--FAI2S κυκλος-N2--DSM

9 και-C λαμβανω-VF--FMI2S ο- A--ASN ελαιον-N2N-ASN ο- A--GSN χρισμα-N3M-GSN και-C χριω-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF και-C πας-A3--APN ο- A--APN εν-P αυτος- D--DSF και-C αγιαζω-VF--FAI2S αυτος- D--ASF και-C πας-A3--APN ο- A--APN σκευος-N3E-APN αυτος- D--GSF και-C ειμι-VF--FMI3S αγιος-A1A-APN

10 και-C χριω-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ο- A--GPN καρπωμα-N3M-GPN και-C πας-A3--APN αυτος- D--GSN ο- A--APN σκευος-N3E-APN και-C αγιαζω-VF--FAI2S ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN και-C ειμι-VF--FMI3S ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN αγιος-A1A-ASN ο- A--GPN αγιος-A1A-GPN

12 και-C προςαγω-VF--FAI2S *ααρων-N---ASM και-C ο- A--APM υιος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSM επι-P ο- A--APF θυρα-N1A-APF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN και-C λουω-VF--FAI2S αυτος- D--APM υδωρ-N3T-DSN

13 και-C ενδυω-VF--FAI2S *ααρων-N---ASM ο- A--APF στολη-N1--APF ο- A--APF αγιος-A1A-APF και-C χριω-VF--FAI2S αυτος- D--ASM και-C αγιαζω-VF--FAI2S αυτος- D--ASM και-C ιερατευω-VF--FAI3S εγω- P--DS

14 και-C ο- A--APM υιος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSM προςαγω-VF--FAI2S και-C ενδυω-VF--FAI2S αυτος- D--APM χιτων-N3W-APM

15 και-C αλειφω-VF--FAI2S αυτος- D--APM ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM αλειφω-VAI-AAI2S ο- A--ASM πατηρ-N3--ASM αυτος- D--GPM και-C ιερατευω-VF--FAI3P εγω- P--DS και-C ειμι-VF--FMI3S ωστε-C ειμι-V9--PAN αυτος- D--DPM χρισμα-N3M-NSN ιερατεια-N1A-GSF εις-P ο- A--ASM αιων-N3W-ASM εις-P ο- A--APF γενεα-N1A-APF αυτος- D--GPM

16 και-C ποιεω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM πας-A3--APN οσος-A1--APN εντελλομαι-VAI-AMI3S αυτος- D--DSM κυριος-N2--NSM ουτως-D ποιεω-VAI-AAI3S

17 και-C γιγνομαι-VBI-AMI3S εν-P ο- A--DSM μην-N3--DSM ο- A--DSM πρωτος-A1--DSMS ο- A--DSN δευτερος-A1A-DSN ετος-N3E-DSN εκπορευομαι-V1--PMPGPM αυτος- D--GPM εκ-P *αιγυπτος-N2--GSF νουμηνια-N1A-DSF ιστημι-VCI-API3S ο- A--NSF σκηνη-N1--NSF

18 και-C ιστημι-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF και-C επιτιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--APF κεφαλις-N3D-APF και-C δια ενβαλλω-VBI-AAI3S ο- A--APM μοχλος-N2--APM και-C ιστημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--APM στυλος-N2--APM

19 και-C εκτεινω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--APF αυλαια-N1A-APF επι-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF και-C επιτιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASN κατακαλυμμα-N3M-ASN ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF επι-P αυτος- D--GSF ανωθεν-D καθα-D συντασσω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--DSM *μωυσης-N1M-DSM

20 και-C λαμβανω-VB--AAPNSM ο- A--APN μαρτυριον-N2N-APN ενβαλλω-VBI-AAI3S εις-P ο- A--ASF κιβωτος-N2--ASF και-C υποτιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--APM διωστηρ-N3--APM υπο-P ο- A--ASF κιβωτος-N2--ASF

21 και-C ειςφερω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASF κιβωτος-N2--ASF εις-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF και-C επιτιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASN κατακαλυμμα-N3M-ASN ο- A--GSN καταπετασμα-N3M-GSN και-C σκεπαζω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASF κιβωτος-N2--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM συντασσω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--DSM *μωυσης-N1M-DSM

22 και-C τιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASF τραπεζα-N1S-ASF εις-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN επι-P ο- A--ASN κλιτος-N3E-ASN ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN ο- A--ASN προς-P βορεας-N1T-ASM εξωθεν-D ο- A--GSN καταπετασμα-N3M-GSN ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF

23 και-C προτιθημι-VAI-AAI3S επι-P αυτος- D--GSF αρτος-N2--APM ο- A--GSF προθεσις-N3I-GSF εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM συντασσω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--DSM *μωυσης-N1M-DSM

24 και-C τιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASF λυχνια-N1A-ASF εις-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN εις-P ο- A--ASN κλιτος-N3E-ASN ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ο- A--ASN προς-P νοτος-N2--ASM

25 και-C επιτιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--APM λυχνος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSF εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM συντασσω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--DSM *μωυσης-N1M-DSM

26 και-C τιθημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ο- A--ASN χρυσους-A1C-ASN εν-P ο- A--DSF σκηνη-N1--DSF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN απεναντι-P ο- A--GSN καταπετασμα-N3M-GSN

27 και-C θυμιαω-VAI-AAI3S επι-P αυτος- D--GSN ο- A--ASN θυμιαμα-N3M-ASN ο- A--GSF συνθεσις-N3I-GSF καθαπερ-D συντασσω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--DSM *μωυσης-N1M-DSM

29 και-C ο- A--ASN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-ASN ο- A--GPN καρπωμα-N3M-GPN τιθημι-VAI-AAI3S παρα-P ο- A--APF θυρα-N1A-APF ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF

33 και-C ιστημι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASF αυλη-N1--ASF κυκλος-N2--DSM ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF και-C ο- A--GSN θυσιαστηριον-N2N-GSN και-C συντελεω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM πας-A3--APN ο- A--APN εργον-N2N-APN

34 και-C καλυπτω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--NSF νεφελη-N1--NSF ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN και-C δοξα-N1S-GSF κυριος-N2--GSM πιμπλημι-VSI-API3S ο- A--NSF σκηνη-N1--NSF

35 και-C ου-D δυναμαι-VSI-API3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM ειςερχομαι-VB--AAN εις-P ο- A--ASF σκηνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GSN μαρτυριον-N2N-GSN οτι-C επισκιαζω-V1I-IAI3S επι-P αυτος- D--ASF ο- A--NSF νεφελη-N1--NSF και-C δοξα-N1S-GSF κυριος-N2--GSM πιμπλημι-VSI-API3S ο- A--NSF σκηνη-N1--NSF

36 ηνικα-D δε-X αν-X αναβαινω-VZI-AAI3S ο- A--NSF νεφελη-N1--NSF απο-P ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF αναζευγνυω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *ισραηλ-N---GSM συν-P ο- A--DSF απαρτια-N1A-DSF αυτος- D--GPM

37 ει-C δε-X μη-D αναβαινω-VZI-AAI3S ο- A--NSF νεφελη-N1--NSF ου-D αναζευγνυω-VAI-AAI3P εως-P ο- A--GSF ημερα-N1A-GSF ος- --GSF αναβαινω-VZI-AAI3S ο- A--NSF νεφελη-N1--NSF

38 νεφελη-N1--NSF γαρ-X ειμι-V9--IAI3S επι-P ο- A--GSF σκηνη-N1--GSF ημερα-N1A-GSF και-C πυρ-N3--NSN ειμι-V9--IAI3S επι-P αυτος- D--GSF νυξ-N3--GSF εναντιον-P πας-A3--GSM *ισραηλ-N---GSM εν-P πας-A1S-DPF ο- A--DPF αναζυγη-N1--DPF αυτος- D--GPM

   

Bible

 

Leviticus 1:1

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Arcana Coelestia # 2180

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2180. 'And took a young bull, tender and good' means a celestial-natural which the rational took to itself in order that it might join itself to perception from the Divine. This is clear from the meaning of 'a young bull' or 'a son of an ox' in the Word as natural good. And because the subject is the Lord's Rational, it is called 'tender' from the celestial-spiritual, which is truth grounded in good, and 'good' from the celestial itself, which is good itself. Within the genuine rational there is both the affection for truth and the affection for good, but that which is first and foremost there is the affection for truth, as shown already in 2072. This explains why 'tender' is mentioned before 'good'; but even so, as is quite usual in the Word, both are mentioned on account of the marriage of truth and good which is referred to above in 2173.

[2] That 'a young bull' or 'a son of an ox' means the celestial-natural, or what amounts to the same, natural good, becomes especially clear from the sacrifices, which were the principal representatives in the worship of the Hebrew Church and after this of the Jewish Church. Their sacrifices were made either from the herd or from the flock, thus from animals of various kinds that were clean, such as oxen, young bulls, he-goats, sheep, rams, she-goats, kids, and lambs, besides doves and fledgling pigeons. All of these creatures meant the internal features of worship, that is, celestial and spiritual things, 2165, 2177, those from the herd meaning celestial-natural, those from the flock celestial-rational. Because both of these - natural things and rational things - are more and more interior and are various, so many genera and so many species of these creatures were therefore employed in sacrifices. This fact becomes clear also from its being laid down as to which creatures were to be offered in burnt offerings and also which in every kind of sacrifice - the daily sacrifices; those offered on sabbaths and at festivals; those made as free-will, eucharistic, or votive offerings; and those offered in purifications, cleansings, and also in inaugurations. Which creatures were to be used, and how many, in each kind of sacrifice is mentioned explicitly. This would never have been done unless each one had had some specific meaning, as is quite evident from those places where the sacrifices are the subject, as in Chapter 29 of Exodus; Chapters 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, and 23 of Leviticus; and Chapters 7, 8, 15, and 29 of Numbers. But this is not the place to explain what each one meant. The situation is similar in the Prophets where those animals are mentioned, from which it may become clear that young bulls meant celestial-natural things.

[3] That none but heavenly things were meant becomes clear also from the cherubim seen by Ezekiel and from the living creatures before the throne which were seen by John. Regarding the cherubim the prophet says,

The likeness of their faces was the face of a man (homo); and they four had the face of a lion on the right side; and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; and they four had the face of an eagle. Ezekiel 1:10.

Regarding the four living creatures before the throne John says,

Around the throne were four living creatures - the first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature like a young bull, the third living creature had a face like a man (homo), the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle - saying, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and who is, and who is to come. Revelation 4:7-8.

Anyone may see that holy things were represented by the cherubim and these living creatures, thus also by the oxen and young bulls in the sacrifices. The same applies in the prophecy of Moses concerning Joseph,

Let it come upon the head of Joseph and upon the crown of the head of the Nazirite among his brothers. The firstborn of his ox has honour, and his horns are the horns of a unicorn; with these he will thrust the peoples together, to the ends of the earth. Deuteronomy 33:16-17.

These words are not intelligible to anyone unless he knows what ox, unicorn, horns, and many other things mean in the internal sense.

[4] As for sacrifices in general they were indeed commanded to the Israelites through Moses. But the Most Ancient Church which existed before the Flood never knew anything at all about sacrifices, nor did it ever enter their minds to worship the Lord by the slaughtering of animals. The Ancient Church which existed after the Flood knew nothing about it either. Representatives did indeed exist there, but not sacrifices. These were first introduced in the subsequent Church called the Hebrew Church, and from there they spread to the gentile nations, and even to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and so to Jacob's descendants. The fact that the gentile nations had sacrificial worship has been shown in 1343, and the fact that Jacob's descendants also had such worship before they left Egypt, thus before sacrifices were commanded through Moses on Mount Sinai, becomes clear from Exodus 5:3; 10:25, 27; 18:12; 24:4-5.

[5] This is especially clear from their idolatrous worship in front of the golden calf, regarding which the following is said in Moses,

Aaron built an altar in front of the calf, and Aaron made a proclamation and said, Tomorrow there will be a feast to Jehovah. And they rose up early the next morning and presented burnt offerings and brought peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. Exodus 32:5-6.

This happened while Moses was on Mount Sinai, and so before the command came to them regarding the altar and the sacrifices. That command came to them for the reason that sacrificial worship among them had been turned, as it had among the gentiles, into idolatrous worship, from which they could not be drawn away because they looked upon it as-the chief holy thing. Once something has been implanted in people from their earliest years as being holy, the more so if received from their fathers, and thus is inrooted, the Lord in no way breaks it - provided it is not contrary to order itself - but bends it. This was the reason for its being laid down that the sacrificial system should be established, such as one reads in the books of Moses.

[6] The fact that sacrifices were by no means acceptable to Jehovah, and so were merely permitted and tolerated for the reason just stated, is quite evident in the Prophets. Concerning them the following is said in Jeremiah,

Thus said Jehovah Zebaoth, the God of Israel, Add your burnt offerings on to your sacrifices, and eat the flesh. I did not speak with your fathers and I did not command them on the day I brought them out of the land of Egypt on the matters of burnt offering and sacrifice. But this matter I commanded them, saying, Obey My voice, and I will be your God. Jeremiah 7:21-23.

In David,

O Jehovah, sacrifice and offering You have not desired; burnt offering and sin-sacrifices You have not sought. I have delighted to do Your will, O my God. Psalms 40:6, 8.

In the same author,

You do not delight in sacrifice that I should give it; burnt offering You do not accept. The sacrifices of God are a contrite spirit. Psalms 51:16-17.

In the same author,

I will not take any young bull from your house, nor he-goats from your folds. Sacrifice to God confession. Psalms 50:9, 14; 107:21-22; 116:17; Deuteronomy 23:18.

In Hosea,

I desire mercy and not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings. Hosea 6:6.

Samuel said to Saul,

Has Jehovah great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices? Behold, to be submissive is better than sacrifice, to be obedient than the fat of rams. - 1 Samuel 15:22.

In Micah,

With what shall I come before Jehovah and bow myself to God on high? Shall I come before Him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams, with tens of thousands of rivers of oil? He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does Jehovah require of you but to carry out judgement, and to love mercy, and to humble yourself by walking with your God? Micah 6:6-8.

[7] From these quotations it is now evident that sacrifices were not commanded but permitted, and also that in sacrifices nothing else was regarded except that which was internal, and that it was that which was internal that was pleasing, not that which was external. For this reason also the Lord abolished them, as was also foretold through Daniel in the following words when he was speaking about the Lord's Coming,

In the middle of the week He will cause the sacrifice and the offering to cease. Daniel 9:27.

See what has been stated about sacrifices in Volume One, in 922, 923, 1128, 1823. As for 'the young bull' which Abraham made ready or prepared for the three men, the meaning is similar to that of the same animals when used in sacrifices. That it had a similar meaning becomes clear also from the fact that he told Sarah to take three measures of fine flour. Regarding the fine flour that went with the offering of a young bull the following is said in Moses - referring to when they were to come into the land,

When you make ready a young bull for a burnt offering or a sacrifice in the declaring of a vow, or for peace offerings to Jehovah, you shall bring with the young bull a minchah of three tenths of fine flour mixed with oil. Numbers 15:8-9.

Here similarly the number 'three' appears, though three 'tenths' here but three 'measures' in Abraham's instruction to Sarah. But only two tenths went with the offering of a ram, one tenth with that of a lamb, Numbers 15:4-6.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.