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Joshua 8

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1 καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P *ἰησοῦς-N---ASM μή-D φοβέω-VC--APS2S μηδέ-C δειλιάω-VA--AAS2S λαμβάνω-VB--AAD2S μετά-P σύ- P--GS ὁ- A--APM ἀνήρ-N3--APM πᾶς-A3--APM ὁ- A--APM πολεμιστής-N1M-APM καί-C ἀναἵστημι-VH--AAPNSM ἀναβαίνω-VZ--AAD2S εἰς-P *γαι-N---ASF ἰδού-I δίδωμι-VX--XAI1S εἰς-P ὁ- A--APF χείρ-N3--APF σύ- P--GS ὁ- A--ASM βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM *γαι-N---GSF καί-C ὁ- A--ASF γῆ-N1--ASF αὐτός- D--GSM

2 καί-C ποιέω-VF--FAI2S ὁ- A--ASF *γαι-N---ASF ὅς- --ASM τρόπος-N2--ASM ποιέω-VAI-AAI2S ὁ- A--ASF *ιεριχω-N---ASF καί-C ὁ- A--ASM βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM αὐτός- D--GSF καί-C ὁ- A--ASF προνομή-N1--ASF ὁ- A--GPN κτῆνος-N3E-GPN προνομεύω-VF--FAI2S σεαυτοῦ- D--DSM καταἵστημι-VA--AAD2S δέ-X σεαυτοῦ- D--DSM ἔνεδρον-N2N-APN ὁ- A--DSF πόλις-N3I-DSF εἰς-P ὁ- A--APN ὀπίσω-D

3 καί-C ἀναἵστημι-VHI-AAI3S *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM καί-C πᾶς-A3--NSM ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM ὁ- A--NSM πολεμιστής-N1M-NSM ὥστε-C ἀναβαίνω-VZ--AAN εἰς-P *γαι-N---ASF ἐπιλέγω-VAI-AAI3S δέ-X *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM τριάκοντα-M χιλιάς-N3D-APF ἀνήρ-N3--GPM δυνατός-A1--APM ἐν-P ἰσχύς-N3U-DSF καί-C ἀποστέλλω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--APM νύξ-N3--GSF

4 καί-C ἐντέλλομαι-VAI-AMI3S αὐτός- D--DPM λέγω-V1--PAPNSM σύ- P--NP ἐνεδρεύω-VA--AAD2P ὀπίσω-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF μή-D μακράν-D γίγνομαι-V1--PMD2P ἀπό-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF καί-C εἰμί-VF--FMI2P πᾶς-A3--NPM ἕτοιμος-A1--NPM

5 καί-C ἐγώ- P--NS καί-C πᾶς-A3--NPM ὁ- A--NPM μετά-P ἐγώ- P--GS προςἄγω-VF--FAI1P πρός-P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF καί-C εἰμί-VF--FMI3S ὡς-C ἄν-X ἐκἔρχομαι-VB--AAS3P ὁ- A--NPM καταοἰκέω-V2--PAPNPM *γαι-N---ASF εἰς-P συνάντησις-N3I-ASF ἐγώ- P--DP καθάπερ-D καί-C πρώην-D καί-C φεύγω-VF--FMI1P ἀπό-P πρόσωπον-N2N-GSN αὐτός- D--GPM

6 καί-C ὡς-C ἄν-X ἐκἔρχομαι-VB--AAS3P ὀπίσω-P ἐγώ- P--GP ἀποσπάω-VF--FAI1P αὐτός- D--APM ἀπό-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF καί-C εἶπον-VF2-FAI3P φεύγω-V1--PAI3P οὗτος- D--NPM ἀπό-P πρόσωπον-N2N-GSN ἐγώ- P--GP ὅς- --ASM τρόπος-N2--ASM καί-C ἔμπροσθεν-D

7 σύ- P--NP δέ-X ἐκ ἀναἵστημι-VF--FMI2P ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSF ἐνέδρα-N1A-GSF καί-C πορεύομαι-VF--FMI2P εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF

8 κατά-P ὁ- A--ASN ῥῆμα-N3M-ASN οὗτος- D--ASN ποιέω-VF--FAI2P ἰδού-I ἐντέλλομαι-VM--XMI1S σύ- P--DP

9 καί-C ἀποστέλλω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--APM *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM καί-C πορεύομαι-VCI-API3P εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASF ἐνέδρα-N1A-ASF καί-C ἐν καταἵζω-VAI-AAI3P ἀνά-P μέσος-A1--ASN *βαιθηλ-N---GS καί-C ἀνά-P μέσος-A1--ASN *γαι-N---GSF ἀπό-P θάλασσα-N1S-GSF ὁ- A--GSF *γαι-N---GSF

10 καί-C ὀρθρίζω-VA--AAPNSM *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM ὁ- A--ASN πρωΐ-D ἐπισκέπτομαι-VAI-AMI3S ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM καί-C ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--NSM καί-C ὁ- A--NPM πρεσβύτερος-A1A-NPMC κατά-P πρόσωπον-N2N-ASN ὁ- A--GSM λαός-N2--GSM ἐπί-P *γαι-N---GSF

11 καί-C πᾶς-A3--NSM ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM ὁ- A--NSM πολεμιστής-N1M-NSM μετά-P αὐτός- D--GSM ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3P καί-C πορεύομαι-V1--PMPNPM ἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3P ἐκ-P ἐναντίος-A1A-GSF ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF ἀπό-P ἀνατολή-N1--GPF

12 καί-C ὁ- A--APN ἔνεδρον-N2N-APN ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF ἀπό-P θάλασσα-N1S-GSF

14 καί-C γίγνομαι-VBI-AMI3S ὡς-C ὁράω-VBI-AAI3S βασιλεύς-N3V-NSM *γαι-N---GSF σπεύδω-VAI-AAI3S καί-C ἐκἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S εἰς-P συνάντησις-N3I-ASF αὐτός- D--DPM ἐπί-P εὐθύς-A3U-GSF εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASM πόλεμος-N2--ASM αὐτός- D--NSM καί-C πᾶς-A3--NSM ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM ὁ- A--NSM μετά-P αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C αὐτός- D--NSM οὐ-D οἶδα-VXI-YAI3S ὅτι-C ἔνεδρον-N2N-NPN αὐτός- D--DSM εἰμί-V9--PAI3S ὀπίσω-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF

15 καί-C ὁράω-VBI-AAI3S καί-C ἀναχωρέω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM καί-C *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM ἀπό-P πρόσωπον-N2N-GSN αὐτός- D--GPM

16 καί-C καταδιώκω-VAI-AAI3P ὀπίσω-P ὁ- A--GPM υἱός-N2--GPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C αὐτός- D--NPM ἀποἵστημι-VHI-AAI3P ἀπό-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF

17 οὐ-D καταλείπω-VVI-API3S οὐδείς-A3--NSM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF *γαι-N---DSF ὅς- --NSM οὐ-D καταδιώκω-VAI-AAI3S ὀπίσω-P *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C καταλείπω-VBI-AAI3P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF ἀναοἴγω-VK--XMPASF καί-C καταδιώκω-VAI-AAI3P ὀπίσω-P *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM

18 καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P *ἰησοῦς-N---ASM ἐκτείνω-VA--AAD2S ὁ- A--ASF χείρ-N3--ASF σύ- P--GS ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSM γαῖσος-N2--DSM ὁ- A--DSM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF χείρ-N3--DSF σύ- P--GS ἐπί-P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF εἰς-P γάρ-X ὁ- A--APF χείρ-N3--APF σύ- P--GS παραδίδωμι-VX--XAI1S αὐτός- D--ASF καί-C ὁ- A--NPN ἔνεδρον-N2N-NPN ἐκ ἀναἵστημι-VF--FMI3P ἐν-P τάχος-N3E-DSN ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSM τόπος-N2--GSM αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C ἐκτείνω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM ὁ- A--ASF χείρ-N3--ASF αὐτός- D--GSM ὁ- A--ASM γαῖσος-N2--ASM ἐπί-P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF

19 καί-C ὁ- A--NPN ἔνεδρον-N2N-NPN ἐκ ἀναἵστημι-VHI-AAI3P ἐν-P τάχος-N3E-DSN ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSM τόπος-N2--GSM αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C ἐκἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3P ὅτε-D ἐκτείνω-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--ASF χείρ-N3--ASF καί-C ἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3P ἐπί-P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF καί-C καταλαμβάνω-VBI-AMI3P αὐτός- D--ASF καί-C σπεύδω-VA--AAPNPM ἐνπίμπρημι-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF ἐν-P πῦρ-N3--DSN

20 καί-C περιβλέπω-VA--AAPNPM ὁ- A--NPM κάτοικος-N2--NPM *γαι-N---GSF εἰς-P ὁ- A--APN ὀπίσω-D αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C θεωρέω-V2I-IAI3P καπνός-N2--ASM ἀναβαίνω-V1--PAPASM ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASM οὐρανός-N2--ASM καί-C οὐκέτι-D ἔχω-V1I-IAI3P ποῦ-D φεύγω-VB--AAS3P ὧδε-D ἤ-C ὧδε-D

21 καί-C *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM καί-C πᾶς-A3--NSM *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM ὁράω-VBI-AAI3P ὅτι-C λαμβάνω-VBI-AAI3P ὁ- A--NPN ἔνεδρον-N2N-NPN ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF καί-C ὅτι-C ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3S ὁ- A--NSM καπνός-N2--NSM ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASM οὐρανός-N2--ASM καί-C μεταβάλλω-VB--AMPNPM πατάσσω-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--APM ἀνήρ-N3--APM ὁ- A--GSF *γαι-N---GSF

22 καί-C οὗτος- D--NPM ἐκἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3P ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSF πόλις-N3I-GSF εἰς-P συνάντησις-N3I-ASF καί-C γίγνομαι-VCI-API3P ἀνά-P μέσος-A1--ASN ὁ- A--GSF παρεμβολή-N1--GSF οὗτος- D--NPM ἐντεῦθεν-D καί-C οὗτος- D--NPM ἐντεῦθεν-D καί-C πατάσσω-VAI-AAI3P ἕως-P ὁ- A--GSN μή-D καταλείπω-VV--APN αὐτός- D--GPM σώζω-VM--XMPASM καί-C διαφεύγω-VX--XAPASM

23 καί-C ὁ- A--ASM βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM ὁ- A--GSF *γαι-N---GSF συνλαμβάνω-VBI-AAI3P ζάω-V3--PAPASM καί-C προςἄγω-VBI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--ASM πρός-P *ἰησοῦς-N---ASM

24 καί-C ὡς-C παύω-VAI-AMI3P ὁ- A--NPM υἱός-N2--NPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM ἀποκτείνω-V1--PAPNPM πᾶς-A3--APM ὁ- A--APM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF *γαι-N---DSF ὁ- A--APM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DPN πεδίον-N2N-DPN καί-C ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSN ὄρος-N3E-DSN ἐπί-P ὁ- A--GSF κατάβασις-N3I-GSF οὗ-D καταδιώκω-VAI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--APM ἀπό-P αὐτός- D--GSF εἰς-P τέλος-N3E-ASN καί-C ἀποστρέφω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM εἰς-P *γαι-N---ASF καί-C πατάσσω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASF ἐν-P στόμα-N3M-DSN ῥομφαία-N1A-GSF

25 καί-C γίγνομαι-VCI-API3P ὁ- A--NPM πίπτω-VA--AAPNPM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF ἡμέρα-N1A-DSF ἐκεῖνος- D--DSF ἀπό-P ἀνήρ-N3--GSM καί-C ἕως-P γυνή-N3K-GSF δώδεκα-M χιλιάς-N3D-NPF πᾶς-A3--APM ὁ- A--APM καταοἰκέω-V2--PAPAPM *γαι-N---GSF

27 πλήν-P ὁ- A--GPN κτῆνος-N3E-GPN καί-C ὁ- A--GPN σκῦλον-N2N-GPN ὁ- A--GPM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF πόλις-N3I-DSF πᾶς-A3--APN ὅς- --APN προνομεύω-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--NPM υἱός-N2--NPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM κατά-P πρόσταγμα-N3M-ASN κύριος-N2--GSM ὅς- --ASM τρόπος-N2--ASM συντάσσω-VAI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM ὁ- A--DSM *ἰησοῦς-N---DSM

28 καί-C ἐνπυρίζω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM ὁ- A--ASF πόλις-N3I-ASF ἐν-P πῦρ-N3--DSN χῶμα-N3T-ASN ἀοίκητος-A1B-ASN εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASM αἰών-N3W-ASM τίθημι-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASF ἕως-P ὁ- A--GSF ἡμέρα-N1A-GSF οὗτος- D--GSF

29 καί-C ὁ- A--ASM βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM ὁ- A--GSF *γαι-N---GSF κρεμάζω-VAI-AAI3S ἐπί-P ξύλον-N2N-GSN δίδυμος-A1--GSN καί-C εἰμί-V9--IAI3S ἐπί-P ὁ- A--GSN ξύλον-N2N-GSN ἕως-P ἑσπέρα-N1A-GSF καί-C ἐπιδύω-V1--PAPGSM ὁ- A--GSM ἥλιος-N2--GSM συντάσσω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM καί-C κατααἱρέω-VBI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--GSM ὁ- A--ASN σῶμα-N3M-ASN ἀπό-P ὁ- A--GSN ξύλον-N2N-GSN καί-C ῥίπτω-VAI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--ASM εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASM βόθρος-N2--ASM καί-C ἐπιἵστημι-VHI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--DSM σωρός-N2--ASM λίθος-N2--GPM ἕως-P ὁ- A--GSF ἡμέρα-N1A-GSF οὗτος- D--GSF

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 8

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 8: The fall of Ai and the renewal of the covenant.

The events of this chapter - and their spiritual meaning for us - follow on from the previous chapter. After their first setback at Ai, the Children of Israel take the city of Ai by using a clever ruse. Joshua chose thirty thousand men for the battle. The plan was for five thousand of them to hide near the city, while he led the main army to attack the city. Then, Joshua and his forces would pretend to run away, pursued by the men of Ai. Those who had hidden were then to come out, go into the city, and set it on fire. The men of Ai would see this and run back, get ambushed, and be caught between Joshua’s two armies.

It all happened as planned, and Israel took Ai. (See Arcana Caelestia 1557). As with Jericho, everything in Ai was commanded to be destroyed, except that in this case the livestock and the city’s spoils were to be kept. The whole city was burned and its king was hanged on a tree until sunset and then his body was thrown down at the city entrance with a great heap of stones put over it.

The basic spiritual meaning of any battle in the Bible such as this, is to show how a heavenly principle can and will overcome a hellish or evil attack, especially for us, during some temptation - when we seek to resist and fight back.

Evil is only strong in illusion and fear-mongering; when the light of what is true shines on evil it gets shown for what it is. (Heaven and Hell 49)

The city’s name “Ai” means “a heap”. The word gets used several times in the text of the chapter. A heap implies rubble and rubbish. Cities sometimes look noble and well-planned; in Ai’s case it was the very opposite - a heap, a ruin. (Heaven and Hell 586[2])

While Jericho generally represents our wrong thinking, which first stands in the way of our regeneration and spiritual will, Ai represents our evil emotions and our selfish passions. Both of them must fall before we can make further progress.

Joshua chooses a large number to go against a relatively few in Ai, who nevertheless all rush out to fight Israel. “There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel. Thus they left the city open.” (Joshua 8:17)

Joshua’s tactic of drawing out the men of Ai means our challenge to evil - by confronting it with the truths and commandments we know and obey. Joshua’s pretence of fleeing away draws Ai out in glee, interpreting the flight as a real retreat. Then everything turns, and Joshua’s men go forward representing the power of the truth, the Word and our persuasion of their effectiveness in winning. (Arcana Caelestia 6344[4])

Ai’s men see their city on fire, for other Israelites entered Ai and set it ablaze. This represents the self-condemnation of evil, of hell, when it is exposed to what is true, heavenly and of God. But Joshua’s men, lying in ambush and waiting for the moment, represent our keen observation of how our selfish desires work to cause havoc in us. They are 5,000. Symbolically, in the Bible, five or its multiples always stand for a small amount - but enough to use.

Hanging the king of Ai stands for our need to put down the controlling power of any evil which stirs us. And all Ai is destroyed, because all evil must be turned against and refused.

Then, and only then, Joshua remakes the covenant with the Lord God; he builds an altar, he writes a copy on stones of the Law of Moses in the presence of all Israel, the priests stand in two groups in front of two mountains, then Joshua reads the words of blessing and cursing and all the Law of Moses.

After we resist any evil and its temptation, we must re-hear and re-affirm the truth that this was the Lord’s victory, not ours, and re-dedicate ourselves to the life the Lord gives us. (True Christian Religion 13[2])

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True Christian Religion # 13

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13. (vi) IF THERE HAD NOT BEEN ONE GOD, THE UNIVERSE COULD NOT HAVE BEEN CREATED AND KEPT IN EXISTENCE.

The reason the oneness of God can be deduced from the creation of the universe is that the universe is a single system coherently organised from beginning to end, and dependent upon God as the body is on the soul. The universe was so created that God could be omnipresent, and keep all its particulars under His guidance, and keep it perpetually together as a unit, and so preserve it. This too is why Jehovah God says that He is the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End, Alpha and Omega (Isaiah 44:6; Revelation 1:8, 17) and elsewhere that He does everything, spreads out the heavens, and stretches out the earth, of Himself (Isaiah 44:24). This mighty system which is called the universe is a single unit coherently organised from beginning to end, because God had one end in view in creating it, to create from the human race a heaven of angels. The means to this end are all the things of which the world is composed; for he who wills the end, wills also the means.

[2] The man therefore who contemplates the world as a piece of work containing the means to that end can contemplate the created universe as a single coherent unit, and he can see that the world is an assemblage of services structured for the benefit of the human race, to form a heaven of angels. The Divine Love cannot have any other end in view than from His Divine to make human beings eternally blessed; and His Divine Wisdom cannot produce anything but services designed to fulfil that end. By considering the world from this universal point of view every wise man can grasp that the Creator of the universe is one, and that His essence is Love and Wisdom. Consequently there is no detail in it which does not conceal services either nearly or distantly designed to benefit human beings. Their food is provided by the fruits of the earth and also by animals, their clothing from the same sources.

[3] One of the astonishing things is that those insignificant insects called silk-worms dress both women and men in silk and adorn them magnificently, from queens and kings down to maids and servants; and those insignificant insects, the bees, supply wax to illuminate splendidly churches and halls. Those who consider one by one facts about the world instead of the whole assemblage of ends, causal means and effects, and those who do not attribute creation to Divine Love acting by means of Divine Wisdom, cannot see that the universe is the handiwork of one God, and that He dwells in each service because He is in the end. For everyone who is involved in an end is also involved in the means, for the end which activates and controls the means is buried deep within all the means.

[4] Those who regard the universe not as the handiwork of God, nor as the dwelling-place of His Love and Wisdom, but as the handiwork of nature and the dwelling-place of the sun's heat and light, shut off the higher regions of their mind from God, and expose the lower regions to the devil. As a result they exchange their human nature for that of a wild beast, indeed they not only think themselves to be no better than animals, but actually become animals. They become foxes in cunning, wolves in ferocity, leopards in guile, tigers in savagery, crocodiles, snakes, screech owls and other night-birds, each with its own nature. People like this in the spiritual world actually look from a distance like those wild beasts, for this is how their love of evil shows itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.