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Exodus 24

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1 καί-C *μωυσῆς-N1M-DSM εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S ἀναβαίνω-VZ--AAD2S πρός-P κύριος-N2--ASM σύ- P--NS καί-C *ααρων-N---NSM καί-C *ναδαβ-N---NSM καί-C *αβιουδ-N---NSM καί-C ἑβδομήκοντα-M ὁ- A--GPM πρεσβύτερος-A1A-GPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C προςκυνέω-VF--FAI3P μακρόθεν-D ὁ- A--DSM κύριος-N2--DSM

2 καί-C ἐγγίζω-VF2-FAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM μόνος-A1--NSM πρός-P ὁ- A--ASM θεός-N2--ASM αὐτός- D--NPM δέ-X οὐ-D ἐγγίζω-VF2-FAI3P ὁ- A--NSM δέ-X λαός-N2--NSM οὐ-D συν ἀναβαίνω-VF--FMI3S μετά-P αὐτός- D--GPM

3 εἰςἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S δέ-X *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM καί-C διαἡγέομαι-VAI-AMI3S ὁ- A--DSM λαός-N2--DSM πᾶς-A3--APN ὁ- A--APN ῥῆμα-N3M-APN ὁ- A--GSM θεός-N2--GSM καί-C ὁ- A--APN δικαίωμα-N3M-APN ἀποκρίνω-VCI-API3S δέ-X πᾶς-A3--NSM ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM φωνή-N1--DSF εἷς-A1A-DSF λέγω-V1--PAPNPM πᾶς-A3--APM ὁ- A--APM λόγος-N2--APM ὅς- --APM λαλέω-VAI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM ποιέω-VF--FAI1P καί-C ἀκούω-VF--FMI1P

4 καί-C γράφω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM πᾶς-A3--APN ὁ- A--APN ῥῆμα-N3M-APN κύριος-N2--GSM ὀρθρίζω-VA--AAPNSM δέ-X *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM ὁ- A--ASN πρωΐ-D οἰκοδομέω-VAI-AAI3S θυσιαστήριον-N2N-ASN ὑπό-P ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN καί-C δώδεκα-M λίθος-N2--APM εἰς-P ὁ- A--APF δώδεκα-M φυλή-N1--APF ὁ- A--GSM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM

5 καί-C ἐκ ἀποστέλλω-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--APM νεανίσκος-N2--APM ὁ- A--GPM υἱός-N2--GPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C ἀναφέρω-VAI-AAI3P ὁλοκαύτωμα-N3M-APN καί-C θύω-VAI-AAI3P θυσία-N1A-ASF σωτήριον-N2N-GSN ὁ- A--DSM θεός-N2--DSM μοσχάριον-N2N-APN

6 λαμβάνω-VB--AAPNSM δέ-X *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM ὁ- A--ASN ἥμισυς-A3U-ASN ὁ- A--GSN αἷμα-N3M-GSN ἐνχέω-V2I-IAI3S εἰς-P κρατήρ-N3H-APM ὁ- A--ASN δέ-X ἥμισυς-A3U-ASN ὁ- A--GSN αἷμα-N3M-GSN προςχέω-V2I-IAI3S πρός-P ὁ- A--ASN θυσιαστήριον-N2N-ASN

7 καί-C λαμβάνω-VB--AAPNSM ὁ- A--ASN βιβλίον-N2N-ASN ὁ- A--GSF διαθήκη-N1--GSF ἀναγιγνώσκω-VZI-AAI3S εἰς-P ὁ- A--APN οὖς-N3T-APN ὁ- A--GSM λαός-N2--GSM καί-C εἶπον-VAI-AAI3P πᾶς-A3--APN ὅσος-A1--APN λαλέω-VAI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM ποιέω-VF--FAI1P καί-C ἀκούω-VF--FMI1P

8 λαμβάνω-VB--AAPNSM δέ-X *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM ὁ- A--ASN αἷμα-N3M-ASN κατασκεδάζω-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--GSM λαός-N2--GSM καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S ἰδού-I ὁ- A--ASN αἷμα-N3M-ASN ὁ- A--GSF διαθήκη-N1--GSF ὅς- --GSF διατίθημι-VEI-AMI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P σύ- P--AP περί-P πᾶς-A3--GPM ὁ- A--GPM λόγος-N2--GPM οὗτος- D--GPM

9 καί-C ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM καί-C *ααρων-N---NSM καί-C *ναδαβ-N---NSM καί-C *αβιουδ-N---NSM καί-C ἑβδομήκοντα-M ὁ- A--GSF γερουσία-N1A-GSF *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM

10 καί-C ὁράω-VBI-AAI3P ὁ- A--ASM τόπος-N2--ASM οὗ-D ἵστημι-VXI-YAI3S ἐκεῖ-D ὁ- A--NSM θεός-N2--NSM ὁ- A--GSM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C ὁ- A--NPN ὑπό-P ὁ- A--APM πούς-N3D-APM αὐτός- D--GSM ὡσεί-D ἔργον-N2N-NSN πλίνθος-N2--GSF σάπφειρος-N2--GSF καί-C ὥσπερ-D εἶδος-N3E-NSN στερέωμα-N3M-GSN ὁ- A--GSM οὐρανός-N2--GSM ὁ- A--DSF καθαριότης-N3--DSF

11 καί-C ὁ- A--GPM ἐπίλεκτος-A1B-GPM ὁ- A--GSM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM οὐ-D διαφωνέω-VAI-AAI3S οὐδέ-C εἷς-A3--NSM καί-C ὁράω-VVI-API3P ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSM τόπος-N2--DSM ὁ- A--GSM θεός-N2--GSM καί-C ἐσθίω-VBI-AAI3P καί-C πίνω-VBI-AAI3P

12 καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P *μωυσῆς-N1M-ASM ἀναβαίνω-VZ--AAD2S πρός-P ἐγώ- P--AS εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN καί-C εἰμί-V9--PAD2S ἐκεῖ-D καί-C δίδωμι-VF--FAI1S σύ- P--DS ὁ- A--APN πυξίον-N2--APN ὁ- A--APN λίθινος-A1--APN ὁ- A--ASM νόμος-N2--ASM καί-C ὁ- A--APF ἐντολή-N1A-APF ὅς- --APF γράφω-VAI-AAI1S νομοθετέω-VA--AAN αὐτός- D--DPM

13 καί-C ἀναἵστημι-VH--AAPNSM *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM καί-C *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM ὁ- A--NSM παραἵστημι-VXI-XAPNSM αὐτός- D--DSM ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3P εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN ὁ- A--GSM θεός-N2--GSM

14 καί-C ὁ- A--DPM πρεσβύτερος-A1A-DPM εἶπον-VAI-AAI3P ἡσυχάζω-V1--PAD2P αὐτοῦ-D ἕως-C ἀναστρέφω-VA--AAS1P πρός-P σύ- P--AP καί-C ἰδού-I *ααρων-N---NSM καί-C *ωρ-N---NSM μετά-P σύ- P--GP ἐάν-C τις- I--DSM συνβαίνω-VZ--AAS3S κρίσις-N3I-NSF προςπορεύομαι-V1--PMD3P αὐτός- D--DPM

15 καί-C ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM καί-C *ἰησοῦς-N---NSM εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN καί-C καλύπτω-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--NSF νεφέλη-N1--NSF ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN

16 καί-C καταβαίνω-VZI-AAI3S ὁ- A--NSF δόξα-N1S-NSF ὁ- A--GSM θεός-N2--GSM ἐπί-P ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN ὁ- A--ASN *σινα-N----S καί-C καλύπτω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASN ὁ- A--NSF νεφέλη-N1--NSF ἕξ-M ἡμέρα-N1A-APF καί-C καλέω-VAI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM ὁ- A--ASM *μωυσῆς-N1M-ASM ὁ- A--DSF ἡμέρα-N1A-DSF ὁ- A--DSF ἕβδομος-A1--DSF ἐκ-P μέσος-A1--GSM ὁ- A--GSF νεφέλη-N1--GSF

17 ὁ- A--NSN δέ-X εἶδος-N3E-NSN ὁ- A--GSF δόξα-N1S-GSF κύριος-N2--GSM ὡσεί-D πῦρ-N3--NSN φλέγω-V1--PAPNSN ἐπί-P ὁ- A--GSF κορυφή-N1--GSF ὁ- A--GSN ὄρος-N3E-GSN ἐναντίον-P ὁ- A--GPM υἱός-N2--GPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM

18 καί-C εἰςἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASN μέσος-A1--ASN ὁ- A--GSF νεφέλη-N1--GSF καί-C ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3S εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASN ὄρος-N3E-ASN καί-C εἰμί-V9--IAI3S ἐκεῖ-D ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSN ὄρος-N3E-DSN τεσσαράκοντα-M ἡμέρα-N1A-APF καί-C τεσσαράκοντα-M νύξ-N3--APF

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 921

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921. 'Noah built an altar to Jehovah' means a representative of the Lord. This is clear from what has been stated just above. All the religious observances of the Ancient Church were representative of the Lord, as also were those of the Jewish Church. But the chief representative in later times was the altar, and also the burnt offering, which, because it was made from clean beasts and clean birds, represented the same as that of which it was the meaningful sign. Clean beasts represented goods that stem from charity, and clean birds the truths of faith. And when offering these, members of the Ancient Church meant that they were offering gifts of those goods or truths to the Lord. Nothing else can be offered up to the Lord that will please Him. But their descendants, like the gentiles, and also the Jews, corrupted these offerings, for they did not even know that these had such a meaning. They confined worship solely to things of an external nature.

[2] That the altar was the chief representative of the Lord becomes clear also from the consideration that there were altars even among gentiles before all the other religious observances were established, before the Ark [of the Covenant] was made, and before the Temple was built. This is clear from Abram's going on to the mountain east of Bethel, erecting an altar, and calling on the name of Jehovah, Genesis 12:8; from his being commanded to offer Isaac as a burnt offering on an altar, Genesis 22:2, 9, from Jacob's building an altar in Luz, which was Bethel, Genesis 35:6-7; and from Moses' building an altar at the foot of Mount Sinai and offering sacrifice, Exodus 24:4-6. Each of these events took place before the establishment of the sacrificial system and before the construction of the Ark, the place where worship was at a later time celebrated in the wilderness. The fact that gentiles too had altars is clear from what is said about Balaam telling Balak to build seven altars and to prepare seven young bulls and seven rams, Numbers 23:1-7, 15-18, 29-30, and also from the command to destroy the altars of the nations, as in Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2. Consequently Divine worship involving the use of altars and sacrifices was not something new when it was established among the Jews. Indeed men were building altars, especially those for commemorative purposes, before they ever knew of immolating young bulls and other animals on them.

[3] That 'altars' means a representative of the Lord, and 'burnt offerings' consequent worship of Him, is quite clear from the Prophets and also in Moses where Levi to whom the priesthood was entrusted is the subject,

They will teach Jacob Your judgements and Israel Your law. They will put incense in Your nostrils, and whole (burnt offering) upon Your altar. Deuteronomy 33:10.

This stands for the whole of worship. 'Teaching Jacob His judgements, and Israel His law' stands for internal worship, while 'putting incense in His nostrils, and whole [burnt offering] on the altar' stands for corresponding external worship, and so for the whole of worship. In Isaiah,

On that day a man will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel. And he will not look to the altars, the work of his hands. Isaiah 17:7-8.

Here 'looking to the altars' clearly means representative worship in general, which was to be abolished. In the same prophet,

On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at its border to Jehovah. Isaiah 19:19.

Here too 'altar' stands for external worship.

[4] In Jeremiah,

The Lord has abandoned His altar, He has abhorred His sanctuary. Lamentations 2:7.

'Altar' stands for representative worship which had become idolatrous. In Hosea,

Ephraim has multiplied altars for sinning, they have been to him altars for sinning. Hosea 8:11.

'Altars' here stands for all representative worship separated from internal, and so stands for what is idolatrous. In the same prophet,

The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. Thorn and thistle will grow up on their altars. Hosea 10:8.

Here too 'altars' stands for idolatrous worship. In Amos,

On the day I visit Israel for his transgressions, I will visit the altars of Bethel, and the horns of the altar will be cut off. Amos 3:14.

Here also 'altars' stands for representative worship that had become idolatrous.

[5] In David,

They will bring me to Your holy mountain, and to Your dwellings! Then I will go in to the altar of God, to God my exceeding joy. Psalms 43:3-4.

Here 'altar' clearly stands for the Lord. So the making of an altar in the Ancient and the Jewish Churches stood for a representative of the Lord. Because worship of the Lord was carried out principally by means of burnt offerings and sacrifices, and these principally meant representative worship, it is clear that the altar itself means representative worship itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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