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Judges 20

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1 καὶ ἐξῆλθον πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ καὶ ἐξεκκλησιάσθη ἡ συναγωγὴ ὡς ἀνὴρ εἷς ἀπὸ δαν καὶ ἕως βηρσαβεε καὶ γῆ τοῦ γαλααδ πρὸς κύριον εἰς μασσηφα

2 καὶ ἐστάθησαν κατὰ πρόσωπον κυρίου πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τοῦ ισραηλ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τετρακόσιαι χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν πεζῶν ἕλκοντες ῥομφαίαν

3 καὶ ἤκουσαν οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν ὅτι ἀνέβησαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ εἰς μασσηφα καὶ ἐλθόντες εἶπαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ λαλήσατε ποῦ ἐγένετο ἡ πονηρία αὕτη

4 καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ λευίτης ὁ ἀνὴρ τῆς γυναικὸς τῆς φονευθείσης καὶ εἶπεν εἰς γαβαα τῆς βενιαμιν ἦλθον ἐγὼ καὶ ἡ παλλακή μου τοῦ αὐλισθῆναι

5 καὶ ἀνέστησαν ἐπ' ἐμὲ οἱ ἄνδρες τῆς γαβαα καὶ ἐκύκλωσαν ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν νυκτός ἐμὲ ἠθέλησαν φονεῦσαι καὶ τὴν παλλακήν μου ἐταπείνωσαν καὶ ἀπέθανεν

6 καὶ ἐκράτησα τὴν παλλακήν μου καὶ ἐμέλισα αὐτὴν καὶ ἀπέστειλα ἐν παντὶ ὁρίῳ κληρονομίας υἱῶν ισραηλ ὅτι ἐποίησαν ζεμα καὶ ἀπόπτωμα ἐν ισραηλ

7 ἰδοὺ πάντες ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ ισραηλ δότε ἑαυτοῖς λόγον καὶ βουλὴν ἐκεῖ

8 καὶ ἀνέστη πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ὡς ἀνὴρ εἷς λέγοντες οὐκ ἀπελευσόμεθα ἀνὴρ εἰς σκήνωμα αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐπιστρέψομεν ἀνὴρ εἰς οἶκον αὐτοῦ

9 καὶ νῦν τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ποιηθήσεται τῇ γαβαα ἀναβησόμεθα ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἐν κλήρῳ

10 πλὴν λημψόμεθα δέκα ἄνδρας τοῖς ἑκατὸν εἰς πάσας φυλὰς ισραηλ καὶ ἑκατὸν τοῖς χιλίοις καὶ χιλίους τοῖς μυρίοις λαβεῖν ἐπισιτισμὸν τοῦ ποιῆσαι ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς γαβαα βενιαμιν ποιῆσαι αὐτῇ κατὰ πᾶν τὸ ἀπόπτωμα ὃ ἐποίησεν ἐν ισραηλ

11 καὶ συνήχθη πᾶς ἀνὴρ ισραηλ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὡς ἀνὴρ εἷς

12 καὶ ἀπέστειλαν αἱ φυλαὶ ισραηλ ἄνδρας ἐν πάσῃ φυλῇ βενιαμιν λέγοντες τίς ἡ πονηρία αὕτη ἡ γενομένη ἐν ὑμῖν

13 καὶ νῦν δότε τοὺς ἄνδρας υἱοὺς παρανόμων τοὺς ἐν γαβαα καὶ θανατώσομεν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐκκαθαριοῦμεν πονηρίαν ἀπὸ ισραηλ καὶ οὐκ εὐδόκησαν οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν ἀκοῦσαι τῆς φωνῆς τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν υἱῶν ισραηλ

14 καὶ συνήχθησαν οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων αὐτῶν εἰς γαβαα ἐξελθεῖν εἰς παράταξιν πρὸς υἱοὺς ισραηλ

15 καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων εἴκοσι τρεῖς χιλιάδες ἀνὴρ ἕλκων ῥομφαίαν ἐκτὸς τῶν οἰκούντων τὴν γαβαα οἳ ἐπεσκέπησαν ἑπτακόσιοι ἄνδρες ἐκλεκτοὶ

16 ἐκ παντὸς λαοῦ ἀμφοτεροδέξιοι πάντες οὗτοι σφενδονῆται ἐν λίθοις πρὸς τρίχα καὶ οὐκ ἐξαμαρτάνοντες

17 καὶ ἀνὴρ ισραηλ ἐπεσκέπησαν ἐκτὸς τοῦ βενιαμιν τετρακόσιαι χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν ἑλκόντων ῥομφαίαν πάντες οὗτοι ἄνδρες παρατάξεως

18 καὶ ἀνέστησαν καὶ ἀνέβησαν εἰς βαιθηλ καὶ ἠρώτησαν ἐν τῷ θεῷ καὶ εἶπαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ τίς ἀναβήσεται ἡμῖν ἐν ἀρχῇ εἰς παράταξιν πρὸς υἱοὺς βενιαμιν καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ιουδας ἐν ἀρχῇ ἀναβήσεται ἀφηγούμενος

19 καὶ ἀνέστησαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ τὸ πρωὶ καὶ παρενέβαλον ἐπὶ γαβαα

20 καὶ ἐξῆλθον πᾶς ἀνὴρ ισραηλ εἰς παράταξιν πρὸς βενιαμιν καὶ συνῆψαν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ γαβαα

21 καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν ἀπὸ τῆς γαβαα καὶ διέφθειραν ἐν ισραηλ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ δύο καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν

22 καὶ ἐνίσχυσαν ἀνὴρ ισραηλ καὶ προσέθηκαν συνάψαι παράταξιν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου συνῆψαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πρώτῃ

23 καὶ ἀνέβησαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ καὶ ἔκλαυσαν ἐνώπιον κυρίου ἕως ἑσπέρας καὶ ἠρώτησαν ἐν κυρίῳ λέγοντες εἰ προσθῶμεν ἐγγίσαι εἰς παράταξιν πρὸς υἱοὺς βενιαμιν ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ἀνάβητε πρὸς αὐτούς

24 καὶ προσῆλθον οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ πρὸς υἱοὺς βενιαμιν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ δευτέρᾳ

25 καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς γαβαα ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ δευτέρᾳ καὶ διέφθειραν ἀπὸ υἱῶν ισραηλ ἔτι ὀκτωκαίδεκα χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν πάντες οὗτοι ἕλκοντες ῥομφαίαν

26 καὶ ἀνέβησαν πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς καὶ ἦλθον εἰς βαιθηλ καὶ ἔκλαυσαν καὶ ἐκάθισαν ἐκεῖ ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ ἐνήστευσαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἕως ἑσπέρας καὶ ἀνήνεγκαν ὁλοκαυτώσεις καὶ τελείας ἐνώπιον κυρίου

27 ὅτι ἐκεῖ κιβωτὸς διαθήκης κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ

28 καὶ φινεες υἱὸς ελεαζαρ υἱοῦ ααρων παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον αὐτῆς ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ ἐν κυρίῳ λέγοντες εἰ προσθῶμεν ἔτι ἐξελθεῖν εἰς παράταξιν πρὸς υἱοὺς βενιαμιν ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν ἢ ἐπίσχωμεν καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ἀνάβητε ὅτι αὔριον δώσω αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν

29 καὶ ἔθηκαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ ἔνεδρα τῇ γαβαα κύκλῳ

30 καὶ ἀνέβησαν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ πρὸς υἱοὺς βενιαμιν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ καὶ συνῆψαν πρὸς τὴν γαβαα ὡς ἅπαξ καὶ ἅπαξ

31 καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν εἰς συνάντησιν τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ ἐξεκενώθησαν τῆς πόλεως καὶ ἤρξαντο πατάσσειν ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ τραυματίας ὡς ἅπαξ καὶ ἅπαξ ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς ἥ ἐστιν μία ἀναβαίνουσα εἰς βαιθηλ καὶ μία εἰς γαβαα ἐν ἀγρῷ ὡς τριάκοντα ἄνδρας ἐν ισραηλ

32 καὶ εἶπαν οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν πίπτουσιν ἐνώπιον ἡμῶν ὡς τὸ πρῶτον καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ εἶπον φύγωμεν καὶ ἐκκενώσωμεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως εἰς τὰς ὁδούς καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτως

33 καὶ πᾶς ἀνὴρ ἀνέστη ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ καὶ συνῆψαν ἐν βααλθαμαρ καὶ τὸ ἔνεδρον ισραηλ ἐπήρχετο ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ μααραγαβε

34 καὶ ἦλθον ἐξ ἐναντίας γαβαα δέκα χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἐκ παντὸς ισραηλ καὶ παράταξις βαρεῖα καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ὅτι φθάνει ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ κακία

35 καὶ ἐπάταξεν κύριος τὸν βενιαμιν ἐνώπιον υἱῶν ισραηλ καὶ διέφθειραν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ ἐκ τοῦ βενιαμιν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε χιλιάδας καὶ ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας πάντες οὗτοι εἷλκον ῥομφαίαν

36 καὶ εἶδον οἱ υἱοὶ βενιαμιν ὅτι ἐπλήγησαν καὶ ἔδωκεν ἀνὴρ ισραηλ τόπον τῷ βενιαμιν ὅτι ἤλπισαν πρὸς τὸ ἔνεδρον ὃ ἔθηκαν ἐπὶ τὴν γαβαα

37 καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτοὺς ὑποχωρῆσαι καὶ τὸ ἔνεδρον ἐκινήθη καὶ ἐξέτειναν ἐπὶ τὴν γαβαα καὶ ἐξεχύθη τὸ ἔνεδρον καὶ ἐπάταξαν τὴν πόλιν ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας

38 καὶ σημεῖον ἦν τοῖς υἱοῖς ισραηλ μετὰ τοῦ ἐνέδρου τῆς μάχης ἀνενέγκαι αὐτοὺς σύσσημον καπνοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως

39 καὶ εἶδον οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ ὅτι προκατελάβετο τὸ ἔνεδρον τὴν γαβαα καὶ ἔστησαν ἐν τῇ παρατάξει καὶ βενιαμιν ἤρξατο πατάσσειν τραυματίας ἐν ἀνδράσιν ισραηλ ὡς τριάκοντα ἄνδρας ὅτι εἶπαν πάλιν πτώσει πίπτουσιν ἐνώπιον ἡμῶν ὡς ἡ παράταξις ἡ πρώτη

40 καὶ τὸ σύσσημον ἀνέβη ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως ὡς στῦλος καπνοῦ καὶ ἐπέβλεψεν βενιαμιν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνέβη ἡ συντέλεια τῆς πόλεως ἕως οὐρανοῦ

41 καὶ ἀνὴρ ισραηλ ἐπέστρεψεν καὶ ἔσπευσαν ἄνδρες βενιαμιν ὅτι εἶδον ὅτι συνήντησεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ πονηρία

42 καὶ ἐπέβλεψαν ἐνώπιον υἱῶν ισραηλ εἰς ὁδὸν τῆς ἐρήμου καὶ ἔφυγον καὶ ἡ παράταξις ἔφθασεν ἐπ' αὐτούς καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων διέφθειρον αὐτοὺς ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν

43 καὶ κατέκοπτον τὸν βενιαμιν καὶ ἐδίωξαν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ νουα κατὰ πόδα αὐτοῦ ἕως ἀπέναντι γαβαα πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου

44 καὶ ἔπεσαν ἀπὸ βενιαμιν δέκα ὀκτὼ χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν οἱ πάντες οὗτοι ἄνδρες δυνάμεως

45 καὶ ἐπέβλεψαν οἱ λοιποὶ καὶ ἔφευγον εἰς τὴν ἔρημον πρὸς τὴν πέτραν τοῦ ρεμμων καὶ ἐκαλαμήσαντο ἐξ αὐτῶν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ πεντακισχιλίους ἄνδρας καὶ κατέβησαν ὀπίσω αὐτῶν οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ ἕως γεδαν καὶ ἐπάταξαν ἐξ αὐτῶν δισχιλίους ἄνδρας

46 καὶ ἐγένοντο πάντες οἱ πίπτοντες ἀπὸ βενιαμιν εἴκοσι πέντε χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν ἑλκόντων ῥομφαίαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ οἱ πάντες οὗτοι ἄνδρες δυνάμεως

47 καὶ ἐπέβλεψαν οἱ λοιποὶ καὶ ἔφυγον εἰς τὴν ἔρημον πρὸς τὴν πέτραν τοῦ ρεμμων ἑξακόσιοι ἄνδρες καὶ ἐκάθισαν ἐν πέτρᾳ ρεμμων τέσσαρας μῆνας

48 καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ ισραηλ ἐπέστρεψαν πρὸς υἱοὺς βενιαμιν καὶ ἐπάταξαν αὐτοὺς ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας ἀπὸ πόλεως μεθλα καὶ ἕως κτήνους καὶ ἕως παντὸς τοῦ εὑρισκομένου εἰς πάσας τὰς πόλεις καὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰς εὑρεθείσας ἐνέπρησαν ἐν πυρί

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 20

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Israel’s war with the tribe of Benjamin

The events of the previous chapter carry over into the last two chapters of the book of Judges, this one and the final one. The overall content of this chapter is about the division between Israel and the tribe of Benjamin (where the town of Gibeah was situated) and the eventual long war in which thousands on both sides died.

All Israel gathered together at Mizpah, four hundred thousand foot soldiers with swords, from every tribe, except the tribe of Benjamin who heard about the gathering. The reason for coming together, prompted by the dismembered parts of the concubine, was to decide what to do. The Levite told the story of the events. The men of Israel heard and decided that they would all immediately go up against the tribe of Benjamin, for them to hand over the perverted men of Gibeah for justice to be done and for Israel to be redeemed. They agreed to take one man out of every ten to go and, if necessary, to fight.

The spiritual meaning in this opening and gathering of Israel at Mizpah is mostly about its incompleteness. The tribe of Benjamin was not present even though Mizpah was in Benjamin’s territory. Spiritual incompleteness in us is to leave something out of our love and faithfulness to the Lord which makes each one of us a whole being. The twelve tribes of Israel stand for all the qualities which come together to form our spiritual life and purpose. (True Christian Religion 38)

The men of Israel go up and ask the Lord who should go to fight first. The reply is that Judah go first. The men of Benjamin refuse to hand the men of Gibeah over and they form an army to fight Israel. In the fighting, the men of Benjamin cut down twenty-two thousand men of Israel. Israel goes and weeps to the Lord and asks if they should go up again against their brother Benjamin. The Lord says they are to go up again.

The spiritual meaning of the tribe of Benjamin is that it stands for the ‘medium’ or the vital connection between what is internal or celestial and what is external or natural. If this connection is absent there is no passage or mutual link between these two and they are separated. This removes the completeness of our spiritual life as a whole. (See Arcana Caelestia 5822.)

Israel goes up against Benjamin on the second day and eighteen thousand men of Israel are cut down by the army of Benjamin. Israel goes to the house of the Lord and weeps, and asks if they should yet go out to fight their brother Benjamin. The Lord says that they are to fight a third time, and the He will deliver them into their hand.

Israel weeps. Weeping or crying stands for mourning the loss of something which is no longer present. In a good sense ‘weeping’ can be for the sense of loss of what is loved and what is part of us, here represented by ‘to battle the children of my brother Benjamin’.

The Lord wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). (Arcana Caelestia 4293.3)

Israel fights on three consecutive day, and on the third day they defeat the tribe of Benjamin. ‘On the third day’ (see verse 30) stands for the need for conflict and personal states in our spiritual temptations and battles to be worked through until they are brought to an end and we can be brought out of temptation, into a new state. (Arcana Caelestia 5159)

The men of Israel laid an ambush and then went as before to fight the men of Benjamin. They moved away from them and Benjamin followed them and killed some men of Israel. The men in ambush arose and went to Gibeah and by arrangement made a great column of smoke after killing the men of the city. (Arcana Caelestia 9144) The men of Benjamin saw this and panicked, and twenty three thousand of them were slain. Six hundred men escaped and hid, and Israel went all around and destroyed men of Benjamin wherever they were found.

The spiritual meaning of this final battle is in the extent of the numbers killed and the aftermath of the victory with further killing. To ‘kill’ (or destroy) when it is used in the Word is to work completely towards the full expulsion of states, thoughts and intentions in us which are in opposition to the way of the Word and its wholeness and healing. (Arcana Caelestia 9320) This is the meaning of the term ‘vastation’ in which things which are opposed to the Lord need to be worked through and brought to an end so that a new state can come.

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Arcana Coelestia # 5822

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5822. 'If our youngest brother is with us we will go down' means unless the intermediary that accomplishes the joining together is with them. This is clear from the representation of Benjamin, to whom youngest brother' refers here, as the intermediary that accomplishes the joining together, dealt with in 5411, 5413, 5443, 5639, 5688. The implications of this - that 'Benjamin' represents the intermediary between the celestial of the spiritual or internal good, which is 'Joseph', and the truths in the natural, which are 'the ten sons of Jacob', as well as representing new truth, see above in 5804, 5806, 5809 - are as follows: To be an intermediary, the intermediary must be derived both from the internal and from the external; otherwise it is not an intermediary that accomplishes a joining together.

[2] The intermediary, which 'Benjamin' represents, derives from the external or natural its existence there as new truth; for the new truth represented by him exists in the natural because it springs from spiritual good from the natural, which his father as Israel represents, 5686, 5689. But that intermediary derives from the internal the quality that 'Joseph' represents, by means of influx. This is how it is derived from both and is the reason why 'Benjamin' represents the intermediary that accomplishes the joining together, as well as representing new truth. He represents new truth when he is present with his father, the intermediary accomplishing the joining together when he is with Joseph. This is an arcanum for which no clearer explanation is possible; nor can it be understood except by those who are aware of the fact that a person has an internal and an external that are distinct and separate from each other, and who at the same time have an affection for knowing truths. The understanding part of these people's minds is lit by the light of heaven, enabling them to see what others do not see, including this arcanum.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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