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Judicum 20

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1 Egressi itaque sunt omnes filii Israël, et pariter congregati, quasi vir unus, de Dan usque Bersabee, et terra Galaad, ad Dominum in Maspha.

2 Omnesque anguli populorum, et cunctæ tribus Israël in ecclesiam populi Dei convenerunt, quadringenta millia peditum pugnatorum.

3 (Nec latuit filios Benjamin quod ascendissent filii Israël in Maspha.) Interrogatusque Levita, maritus mulieris interfectæ, quomodo tantum scelus perpetratum esset,

4 respondit : Veni in Gabaa Benjamin cum uxore mea, illucque diverti :

5 et ecce homines civitatis illius circumdederunt nocte domum, in qua manebam, volentes me occidere, et uxorem meam incredibili furore libidinis vexantes, denique mortua est.

6 Quam arreptam, in frustra concidi, misique partes in omnes terminos possessionis vestræ : quia numquam tantum nefas, et tam grande piaculum factum est in Israël.

7 Adestis, omnes filii Israël : decernite quid facere debeatis.

8 Stansque omnis populus, quasi unius hominis sermone respondit : Non recedemus in tabernacula nostra, nec suam quisquam intrabit domum :

9 sed hoc contra Gabaa in commune faciamus.

10 Decem viri eligantur e centum ex omnibus tribubus Israël, et centum de mille, et mille de Decem millibus, ut comportent exercitui cibaria, et possimus pugnare contra Gabaa Benjamin, et reddere ei pro scelere, quod meretur.

11 Convenitque universus Israël ad civitatem, quasi homo unus eadem mente, unoque consilio.

12 Et miserunt nuntios ad omnem tribum Benjamin, qui dicerent : Cur tantum nefas in vobis repertum est ?

13 Tradite homines de Gabaa, qui hoc flagitium perpetrarunt, ut moriantur, et auferatur malum de Israël. Qui noluerunt fratrum suorum filiorum Israël audire mandatum :

14 sed ex cunctis urbibus, quæ sortis suæ erant, convenerunt in Gabaa, ut illis ferrent auxilium, et contra universum populum Israël dimicarent.

15 Inventique sunt viginti quinque millia de Benjamin educentium gladium, præter habitatores Gabaa,

16 qui septingenti erant viri fortissimi, ita sinistra ut dextra præliantes : et sic fundis lapides ad certum jacientes, ut capillum quoque possent percutere, et nequaquam in alteram partem ictus lapidis deferretur.

17 Virorum quoque Israël, absque filiis Benjamin, inventa sunt quadringenta millia educentium gladium, et paratorum ad pugnam.

18 Qui surgentes venerunt in domum Dei, hoc est, in Silo : consulueruntque Deum, atque dixerunt : Quis erit in exercitu nostro princeps certaminis contra filios Benjamin ? Quibus respondit Dominus : Judas sit dux vester.

19 Statimque filii Israël surgentes mane, castrametati sunt juxta Gabaa :

20 et inde procedentes ad pugnam contra Benjamin, urbem oppugnare cœperunt.

21 Egressique filii Benjamin de Gabaa, occiderunt de filiis Israël die illo viginti duo millia virorum.

22 Rursum filii Israël et fortitudine et numero confidentes, in eodem loco, in quo prius certaverant, aciem direxerunt :

23 ita tamen ut prius ascenderent et flerent coram Domino usque ad noctem, consulerentque eum, et dicerent : Debeo ultra procedere ad dimicandum contra filios Benjamin fratres meos, an non ? Quibus ille respondit : Ascendite ad eos, et inite certamen.

24 Cumque filii Israël altera die contra filios Benjamin ad prælium processissent,

25 eruperunt filii Benjamin de portis Gabaa : et occurrentes eis tanta in illos cæde bacchati sunt, ut decem et octo millia virorum educentium gladium prosternerent.

26 Quam ob rem omnes filii Israël venerunt in domum Dei, et sedentes flebant coram Domino : jejunaveruntque die illo usque ad vesperam, et obtulerunt ei holocausta, atque pacificas victimas,

27 et super statu suo interrogaverunt. Eo tempore ibi erat arca fœderis Dei,

28 et Phinees filius Eleazari filii Aaron præpositus domus. Consuluerunt igitur Dominum, atque dixerunt : Exire ultra debemus ad pugnam contra filios Benjamin fratres nostros, an quiescere ? Quibus ait Dominus : Ascendite : cras enim tradam eos in manus vestras.

29 Posueruntque filii Israël insidias per circuitum urbis Gabaa :

30 et tertia vice, sicut semel et bis, contra Benjamin exercitum produxerunt.

31 Sed et filii Benjamin audacter eruperunt de civitate, et fugientes adversarios longius persecuti sunt, ita ut vulnerarent ex eis sicut primo die et secundo, et cæderent per duas semitas vertentes terga, quarum una ferebatur in Bethel et altera in Gabaa, atque prosternerent triginta circiter viros :

32 putaverunt enim solito eos more cedere. Qui fugam arte simulantes inierunt consilium ut abstraherent eos de civitate, et quasi fugientes ad supradictas semitas perducerent.

33 Omnes itaque filii Israël surgentes de sedibus suis, tetenderunt aciem in loco, qui vocatur Baalthamar. Insidiæ quoque, quæ circa urbem erant, paulatim se aperire cœperunt,

34 et ab occidentali urbis parte procedere. Sed et alia decem millia virorum de universo Israël, habitatores urbis ad certamina provocabant. Ingravatumque est bellum contra filios Benjamin : et non intellexerunt quod ex omni parte illis instaret interitus.

35 Percussitque eos Dominus in conspectu filiorum Israël, et interfecerunt ex eis in illo die viginti quinque millia, et centum viros, omnes bellatores et educentes gladium.

36 Filii autem Benjamin cum se interiores esse vidissent, cœperunt fugere. Quod cernentes Filii Israël, dederunt eis ad fugiendum locum, ut ad præparatas insidias devenirent, quas juxta urbem posuerant.

37 Qui cum repente de latibulis surrexissent, et Benjamin terga cædentibus daret, ingressi sunt civitatem, et percusserunt eam in ore gladii.

38 Signum autem dederant filii Israël his quos in insidiis collocaverant, ut postquam urbem cepissent, ignem accenderent : ut ascendente in altum fumo, captam urbem demonstrarent.

39 Quod cum cernerent filii Israël in ipso certamine positi (putaverunt enim filii Benjamin eos fugere, et instantius persequebantur, cæsis de exercitu eorum triginta viris)

40 et viderent quasi columnam fumi de civitate conscendere : Benjamin quoque aspiciens retro, cum captam cerneret civitatem, et flammas in sublime ferri :

41 qui prius simulaverant fugam, versa facie fortius resistebant. Quod cum vidissent filii Benjamin, in fugam versi sunt,

42 et ad viam deserti ire cœperunt, illuc quoque eos adversariis persequentibus : sed et hi qui urbem succenderant, occurrerunt eis.

43 Atque ita factum est, ut ex utraque parte ab hostibus cæderentur, nec erat ulla requies morientium. Ceciderunt, atque prostrati sunt ad orientalem plagam urbis Gabaa.

44 Fuerunt autem qui in eodem loco interfecti sunt, decem et octo millia virorum, omnes robustissimi pugnatores.

45 Quod cum vidissent qui remanserant de Benjamin, fugerunt in solitudinem : et pergebant ad petram, cujus vocabulum est Remmon. In illa quoque fuga palantes, et in diversa tendentes, occiderunt quinque millia virorum. Et cum ultra tenderent, persecuti sunt eos, et interfecerunt etiam alia duo millia.

46 Et sic factum est, ut omnes qui ceciderant de Benjamin in diversis locis, essent viginti quinque millia pugnatores ad bella promptissimi.

47 Remanserunt itaque de omni numero Benjamin, qui evadere, et fugere in solitudinem potuerunt, sexcenti viri : sederuntque in petra Remmon mensibus quatuor.

48 Regressi autem filii Israël, omnes reliquias civitatis a viris usque ad jumenta gladio percusserunt, cunctasque urbes et viculos Benjamin vorax flamma consumpsit.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 20

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Israel’s war with the tribe of Benjamin

The events of the previous chapter carry over into the last two chapters of the book of Judges, this one and the final one. The overall content of this chapter is about the division between Israel and the tribe of Benjamin (where the town of Gibeah was situated) and the eventual long war in which thousands on both sides died.

All Israel gathered together at Mizpah, four hundred thousand foot soldiers with swords, from every tribe, except the tribe of Benjamin who heard about the gathering. The reason for coming together, prompted by the dismembered parts of the concubine, was to decide what to do. The Levite told the story of the events. The men of Israel heard and decided that they would all immediately go up against the tribe of Benjamin, for them to hand over the perverted men of Gibeah for justice to be done and for Israel to be redeemed. They agreed to take one man out of every ten to go and, if necessary, to fight.

The spiritual meaning in this opening and gathering of Israel at Mizpah is mostly about its incompleteness. The tribe of Benjamin was not present even though Mizpah was in Benjamin’s territory. Spiritual incompleteness in us is to leave something out of our love and faithfulness to the Lord which makes each one of us a whole being. The twelve tribes of Israel stand for all the qualities which come together to form our spiritual life and purpose. (True Christian Religion 38)

The men of Israel go up and ask the Lord who should go to fight first. The reply is that Judah go first. The men of Benjamin refuse to hand the men of Gibeah over and they form an army to fight Israel. In the fighting, the men of Benjamin cut down twenty-two thousand men of Israel. Israel goes and weeps to the Lord and asks if they should go up again against their brother Benjamin. The Lord says they are to go up again.

The spiritual meaning of the tribe of Benjamin is that it stands for the ‘medium’ or the vital connection between what is internal or celestial and what is external or natural. If this connection is absent there is no passage or mutual link between these two and they are separated. This removes the completeness of our spiritual life as a whole. (See Arcana Caelestia 5822.)

Israel goes up against Benjamin on the second day and eighteen thousand men of Israel are cut down by the army of Benjamin. Israel goes to the house of the Lord and weeps, and asks if they should yet go out to fight their brother Benjamin. The Lord says that they are to fight a third time, and the He will deliver them into their hand.

Israel weeps. Weeping or crying stands for mourning the loss of something which is no longer present. In a good sense ‘weeping’ can be for the sense of loss of what is loved and what is part of us, here represented by ‘to battle the children of my brother Benjamin’.

The Lord wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). (Arcana Caelestia 4293.3)

Israel fights on three consecutive day, and on the third day they defeat the tribe of Benjamin. ‘On the third day’ (see verse 30) stands for the need for conflict and personal states in our spiritual temptations and battles to be worked through until they are brought to an end and we can be brought out of temptation, into a new state. (Arcana Caelestia 5159)

The men of Israel laid an ambush and then went as before to fight the men of Benjamin. They moved away from them and Benjamin followed them and killed some men of Israel. The men in ambush arose and went to Gibeah and by arrangement made a great column of smoke after killing the men of the city. (Arcana Caelestia 9144) The men of Benjamin saw this and panicked, and twenty three thousand of them were slain. Six hundred men escaped and hid, and Israel went all around and destroyed men of Benjamin wherever they were found.

The spiritual meaning of this final battle is in the extent of the numbers killed and the aftermath of the victory with further killing. To ‘kill’ (or destroy) when it is used in the Word is to work completely towards the full expulsion of states, thoughts and intentions in us which are in opposition to the way of the Word and its wholeness and healing. (Arcana Caelestia 9320) This is the meaning of the term ‘vastation’ in which things which are opposed to the Lord need to be worked through and brought to an end so that a new state can come.