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Exodus 18

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1 Cumque audisset Jethro, sacerdos Madian, cognatus Moysi, omnia quæ fecerat Deus Moysi, et Israëli populo suo, et quod eduxisset Dominus Israël de Ægypto,

2 tulit Sephoram uxorem Moysi quam remiserat,

3 et duos filios ejus : quorum unus vocabatur Gersam, dicente patre : Advena fui in terra aliena ;

4 alter vero Eliezer : Deus enim, ait, patris mei adjutor meus, et eruit me de gladio Pharaonis.

5 Venit ergo Jethro cognatus Moysi, et filii ejus, et uxor ejus ad Moysen in desertum, ubi erat castrametatus juxta montem Dei.

6 Et mandavit Moysi, dicens : Ego Jethro cognatus tuus venio ad te, et uxor tua, et duo filii cum ea.

7 Qui egressus in occursum cognati sui, adoravit, et osculatus est eum : salutaveruntque se mutuo verbis pacificis. Cumque intrasset tabernaculum,

8 narravit Moyses cognato suo cuncta quæ fecerat Dominus Pharaoni et Ægyptiis propter Israël : universumque laborem, qui accidisset eis in itinere, et quod liberaverat eos Dominus.

9 Lætatusque est Jethro super omnibus bonis, quæ fecerat Dominus Israëli, eo quod eruisset eum de manu Ægyptiorum.

10 Et ait : Benedictus Dominus, qui liberavit vos de manu Ægyptiorum, et de manu Pharaonis ; qui eruit populum suum de manu Ægypti.

11 Nunc cognovi, quia magnus Dominus super omnes deos : eo quod superbe egerint contra illos.

12 Obtulit ergo Jethro cognatus Moysi holocausta et hostias Deo : veneruntque Aaron et omnes seniores Israël, ut comederent panem cum eo coram Deo.

13 Altera autem die sedit Moyses ut judicaret populum, qui assistebat Moysi a mane usque ad vesperam.

14 Quod cum vidisset cognatus ejus, omnia scilicet quæ agebat in populo, ait : Quid est hoc quod facis in plebe ? cur solus sedes, et omnis populus præstolatur de mane usque ad vesperam ?

15 Cui respondit Moyses : Venit ad me populus quærens sententiam Dei :

16 cumque acciderit eis aliqua disceptatio, veniunt ad me ut judicem inter eos, et ostendam præcepta Dei, et leges ejus.

17 At ille : Non bonam, inquit, rem facis.

18 Stulto labore consumeris et tu, et populus iste qui tecum est : ultra vires tuas est negotium ; solus illud non poteris sustinere.

19 Sed audi verba mea atque consilia, et erit Deus tecum. Esto tu populo in his quæ ad Deum pertinent, ut referas quæ dicuntur ad eum :

20 ostendasque populo cæremonias et ritum colendi, viamque per quam ingredi debeant, et opus quod facere debeant.

21 Provide autem de omni plebe viros potentes, et timentes Deum, in quibus sit veritas, et qui oderint avaritiam, et constitue ex eis tribunos, et centuriones, et quinquagenarios, et decanos,

22 qui judicent populum omni tempore : quidquid autem majus fuerit, referant ad te, et ipsi minora tantummodo judicent : leviusque sit tibi, partito in alios onere.

23 Si hoc feceris, implebis imperium Dei, et præcepta ejus poteris sustentare : et omnis hic populus revertetur ad loca sua cum pace.

24 Quibus auditis, Moyses fecit omnia quæ ille suggesserat.

25 Et electis viris strenuis de cuncto Israël, constituit eos principes populi, tribunos, et centuriones, et quinquagenarios, et decanos.

26 Qui judicabant plebem omni tempore : quidquid autem gravius erat, referebant ad eum, faciliora tantummodo judicantes.

27 Dimisitque cognatum suum : qui reversus abiit in terram suam.

   

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Aaron

The Third Plague of Egypt, by William de Brailes, illustrates the flies, or gnats, rising from the dust.

This page from Walters manuscript W.106 depicts a scene from Exodus, in which God rained plagues upon Egypt. After plagues of blood and frogs, Pharaoh hardened his heart again and would not let the Israelites leave Egypt. God told Moses to tell Aaron to stretch forth his rod and strike the dust of the earth that it may become gnats throughout the land of Egypt. Here, Moses, horned (a sign of his encounter with divinity), carries the rod, while Aaron, wearing the miter of a priest, stands behind him. The gnats arise en masse out of the dust from which they were made and attack Pharaoh, seated and crowned, and his retinue.

Aaron was the brother of Moses. He symbolizes two things, at different stages of the story.

During the first part of the exodus, when he was Moses' spokesperson, Moses represents the Word as it truly is, as it is understood in heaven, while Aaron represents the Word in its external sense, as it is understood by people in the world. This is why Aaron talks for Moses, and the Lord says of him "he shall be as a mouth for you, and you shall be to him as God." (Exodus 4:16)

Later, after the Tabernacle was built and he was inaugurated as high priest (see Leviticus 8,9), Aaron represents the Lord as to the Divine Good, and Moses represents the Lord as to the Divine Truth.

In Exodus 28:1, Aaron signifies the conjunction of Divine Good with Divine Truth in the Divine Human of the Lord. (Arcana Coelestia 9806, 9936)

In Exodus 32:1, Aaron represents the external of the Word, of the church, and of worship, separate from the internal. (Arcana Coelestia 10397)

In Exodus 4:14, before he was initiated into the priesthood, Aaron represents the doctrine of good and truth. (Arcana Coelestia 6998)