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호세아서 8

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1 나팔을 네 입에 댈지어다 대적이 독수리처럼 여호와의 집에 덮치리니 이는 무리가 내 언약을 어기며 내 율법을 범함이로다

2 저희가 장차 내게 부르짖기를 나의 하나님이여 우리 이스라엘이 주를 아나이다 하리라

3 이스라엘이 이미 선을 싫어 버렸으니 대적이 저를 따를 것이라

4 저희가 왕들을 세웠으나 내게서 말미암지 아니하였고 저희가 방백들을 세웠으나 나의 모르는 바며 저희가 또 그 은,금으로 자기를 위하여 우상을 만들었나니 파멸을 이루리라

5 사마리아여 네 송아지는 버리웠느니라 내 노가 무리를 향하여 타오르나니 저희가 어느 때에야 능히 무죄하겠느냐

6 이것은 이스라엘에서 나고 공장이 만든 것이라 참 신이 아니니 사마리아의 송아지가 부숴뜨리우리라

7 저희가 바람을 심고 광풍을 거둘 것이라 심은 것이 줄기가 없으며 이삭은 열매를 맺히지 못할 것이요 설혹 맺힐지라도 이방 사람이 삼키리라

8 이스라엘은 이미 삼키웠은즉 이제 열국 가운데 있는 것이 기뻐하지 아니하는 그릇 같도다

9 저희가 홀로 처한 들나귀처럼 앗수르로 갔고 에브라임이 값 주고 연애하는 자들을 얻었도다

10 저희가 열방 사람에게 값을 주었을찌라도 이제 내가 저희를 모으리니 저희가 모든 방백의 임금의 지워준 짐을 인하여 쇠하기 시작하리라

11 에브라임이 죄를 위하여 제단을 많이 만들더니 그 제단이 저로 범죄케 하는 것이 되었도다

12 내가 저를 위하여 내 율법을 만가지로 기록하였으나 저희가 관계없는 것으로 여기도다

13 내게 드리는 제물로 말할찌라도 저희가 고기로 제사를 드리고 먹거니와 여호와는 그것을 기뻐하지 아니하고 이제 저희의 죄악을 기억하여 그 죄를 벌하리니 저희가 애굽으로 다시 가리라

14 이스라엘은 자기를 지은 자를 잊어버리고 전각들을 세웠으며 유다는 견고한 성읍을 많이 쌓았으나 내가 그 고을들에 불을 보내어 그 성들을 삼키게 하리라

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 921

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921. 'Noah built an altar to Jehovah' means a representative of the Lord. This is clear from what has been stated just above. All the religious observances of the Ancient Church were representative of the Lord, as also were those of the Jewish Church. But the chief representative in later times was the altar, and also the burnt offering, which, because it was made from clean beasts and clean birds, represented the same as that of which it was the meaningful sign. Clean beasts represented goods that stem from charity, and clean birds the truths of faith. And when offering these, members of the Ancient Church meant that they were offering gifts of those goods or truths to the Lord. Nothing else can be offered up to the Lord that will please Him. But their descendants, like the gentiles, and also the Jews, corrupted these offerings, for they did not even know that these had such a meaning. They confined worship solely to things of an external nature.

[2] That the altar was the chief representative of the Lord becomes clear also from the consideration that there were altars even among gentiles before all the other religious observances were established, before the Ark [of the Covenant] was made, and before the Temple was built. This is clear from Abram's going on to the mountain east of Bethel, erecting an altar, and calling on the name of Jehovah, Genesis 12:8; from his being commanded to offer Isaac as a burnt offering on an altar, Genesis 22:2, 9, from Jacob's building an altar in Luz, which was Bethel, Genesis 35:6-7; and from Moses' building an altar at the foot of Mount Sinai and offering sacrifice, Exodus 24:4-6. Each of these events took place before the establishment of the sacrificial system and before the construction of the Ark, the place where worship was at a later time celebrated in the wilderness. The fact that gentiles too had altars is clear from what is said about Balaam telling Balak to build seven altars and to prepare seven young bulls and seven rams, Numbers 23:1-7, 15-18, 29-30, and also from the command to destroy the altars of the nations, as in Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2. Consequently Divine worship involving the use of altars and sacrifices was not something new when it was established among the Jews. Indeed men were building altars, especially those for commemorative purposes, before they ever knew of immolating young bulls and other animals on them.

[3] That 'altars' means a representative of the Lord, and 'burnt offerings' consequent worship of Him, is quite clear from the Prophets and also in Moses where Levi to whom the priesthood was entrusted is the subject,

They will teach Jacob Your judgements and Israel Your law. They will put incense in Your nostrils, and whole (burnt offering) upon Your altar. Deuteronomy 33:10.

This stands for the whole of worship. 'Teaching Jacob His judgements, and Israel His law' stands for internal worship, while 'putting incense in His nostrils, and whole [burnt offering] on the altar' stands for corresponding external worship, and so for the whole of worship. In Isaiah,

On that day a man will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel. And he will not look to the altars, the work of his hands. Isaiah 17:7-8.

Here 'looking to the altars' clearly means representative worship in general, which was to be abolished. In the same prophet,

On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at its border to Jehovah. Isaiah 19:19.

Here too 'altar' stands for external worship.

[4] In Jeremiah,

The Lord has abandoned His altar, He has abhorred His sanctuary. Lamentations 2:7.

'Altar' stands for representative worship which had become idolatrous. In Hosea,

Ephraim has multiplied altars for sinning, they have been to him altars for sinning. Hosea 8:11.

'Altars' here stands for all representative worship separated from internal, and so stands for what is idolatrous. In the same prophet,

The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. Thorn and thistle will grow up on their altars. Hosea 10:8.

Here too 'altars' stands for idolatrous worship. In Amos,

On the day I visit Israel for his transgressions, I will visit the altars of Bethel, and the horns of the altar will be cut off. Amos 3:14.

Here also 'altars' stands for representative worship that had become idolatrous.

[5] In David,

They will bring me to Your holy mountain, and to Your dwellings! Then I will go in to the altar of God, to God my exceeding joy. Psalms 43:3-4.

Here 'altar' clearly stands for the Lord. So the making of an altar in the Ancient and the Jewish Churches stood for a representative of the Lord. Because worship of the Lord was carried out principally by means of burnt offerings and sacrifices, and these principally meant representative worship, it is clear that the altar itself means representative worship itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.