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신명기 22

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1 네 형제의 우양의 길 잃은 것을 보거든 못 본 체 하지 말고 너는 반드시 끌어다가 네 형제에게 돌릴 것이요

2 네 형제가 네게서 멀거나 네가 혹 그를 알지 못하거든 그 짐승을 네 집으로 끌고 와서 네 형제가 찾기까지 네게 두었다가 그에게 돌릴지니

3 나귀라도 그리하고 의복이라도 그리하고 무릇 형제의 잃은 아무것이든지 네가 얻거든 다 그리하고 못 본 체 하지 말 것이며

4 네 형제의 나귀나 소가 길에 넘어진 것을 보거든 못 본 체 하지말고 너는 반드시 형제를 도와서 그것을 일으킬지니라

5 여자는 남자의 의복을 입지 말 것이요 남자는 여자의 의복을 입지 말 것이라 이같이 하는 자는 네 하나님 여호와께 가증한 자니라

6 노중에서 나무에나 땅에 있는 새의 보금자리에 새 새끼나 알이 있고 어미새가 그 새끼나 알을 품은 것을 만나거든 그 어미새와 새끼를 아울러 취하지 말고

7 어미는 반드시 놓아 줄 것이요 새끼는 취하여도 가하니 그리하면 네가 복을 누리고 장수하리라

8 네가 새 집을 건축할 때에 지붕에 난간을 만들어 사람으로 떨어지지 않게 하라 그 피 흐른 죄가 네 집에 돌아갈까 하노라

9 네 포도원에 두 종자를 섞어 뿌리지 말라 ! 그리하면 네가 뿌린 씨의 열매와 포도원의 소산이 다 빼앗김이 될까 하노라

10 너는 소와 나귀를 겨리하여 갈지 말며

11 양털과 베실로 섞어 짠 것을 입지 말지니라 !

12 입는 겉옷 네 귀에 술을 만들지니라 !

13 비방거리를 만들어 그에게 누명을 씌워 가로되 `내가 이 여자를 취하였더니 그와 동침할 때에 그의 처녀인 표적을 보지 못하였노라' 하면

14 그 처녀의 부모가 처녀의 처녀인 표를 얻어 가지고 그 성읍문 장로들에게로 가서

15 처녀의 아비가 장로들에게 말하기를 `내 딸을 이 사람에게 아내로 주었더니 그가 미워하여

16 비방거리를 만들어 말하기를 내가 네 딸의 처녀인 표적을 보지 못하였노라 하나 보라 ! 내 딸의 처녀인 표적이 이것이라' 하고 그 부모가 그 자리옷을 그 성읍 장로들 앞에 펼 것이요

17 그 성읍 장로들은 그 사람을 잡아 때리고

18 이스라엘 처녀에게 누명 씌움을 인하여 그에게서 은 일백 세겔을 벌금으로 받아 여자의 아비에게 주고 그 여자로 그 남자의 평생에 버리지 못할 아내가 되게 하려니와

19 그 일이 참되어 그 처녀에게 처녀인 표적이 없거든

20 처녀를 그 아비 집 문에서 끌어내고 그 성읍 사람들이 그를 돌로 쳐 죽일지니 이는 그가 그 아비 집에서 창기의 행동을 하여 이스라엘 중에서 악을 행하였음이라 너는 이와 같이 하여 너의 중에 악을 제할지니라 !

21 남자가 유부녀와 통간함을 보거든 그 통간한 남자와 그 여자를 둘 다 죽여 이스라엘 중에 악을 제할지니라

22 처녀인 여자가 남자와 약혼한 후에 어떤 남자가 그를 성읍중에서 만나 통간하면

23 너희는 그들을 둘 다 성읍 문으로 끌어내고 그들을 돌로 쳐 죽일 것이니 그 처녀는 성읍 중에 있어서도 소리 지르지 아니하였음이요 그 남자는 그 이웃의 아내를 욕보였음이라 너는 이같이 하여 너의 중에 악을 제할지니라 !

24 만일 남자가 어떤 약혼한 처녀를 들에서 만나서 강간하였거든 그 강간한 남자만 죽일 것이요

25 처녀에게는 아무 것도 행치 말 것은 처녀에게는 죽일 죄가 없음이라 이 일은 사람이 일어나 그 이웃을 쳐 죽인 것과 일반이라

26 남자가 처녀를 들에서 만난 까닭에 그 약혼한 처녀가 소리질러도 구원할 자가 없었음이니라

27 만일 남자가 어떤 약혼하지 아니한 처녀를 만나 그를 붙들고 통간하는 중 그 두 사람이 발견되거든

28 그 통간한 남자는 그 처녀의 아비에게 은 오십 세겔을 주고 그 처녀로 아내를 삼을 것이라 그가 그 처녀를 욕보였은즉 평생에 그를 버리지 못하리라

29 사람이 그 아비의 후실을 취하여 아비의 하체를 드러내지 말지니라

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 655

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655. Where also our Lord was crucified.- That this signifies by means of which He was rejected and condemned, namely, by means of evils, and falsities therefrom springing from infernal love, is evident from this consideration, that evils themselves and their consequent falsities arising from infernal love are what reject and condemn the Lord, and these evils and the falsities therefrom are signified by Sodom and Egypt, therefore it is said concerning the city of Jerusalem that it is called so spiritually, for to be spiritually called signifies evil itself, and the falsity therefrom.

[2] The hells are separated into two kingdoms opposite the two kingdoms in the heavens; the kingdom opposite the celestial kingdom is at the back, and those who are there are called genii, and this kingdom is what is understood in the Word by "devil." But the kingdom opposite the spiritual kingdom is in front, and those who are there are called evil spirits; this kingdom is what is meant in the Word by "Satan." These hells, or these two kingdoms into which the hells are separated, are meant by Sodom and Egypt. Whether it is said evils and falsities therefrom, or those hells, it is the same thing, since from these all evils and falsities ascend.

[3] The Jews of Jerusalem crucifying the Lord signifies that the evils and the falsities therefrom which they loved crucified Him; for all things recorded in the Word concerning the Lord's passion represented the perverted state of the church with that nation. For although they accounted the Word holy, yet they perverted all things therein by their traditions until there was no longer any Divine Good and Truth remaining with them, and, when the Divine Good and Truth that are in the Word no longer remain, then evils and falsities from infernal love succeed in their place, and these are what crucify the Lord. That such things are signified by the Lord's passion, may be seen above (n. 83, 195:21, 627:16, at the end). The Lord is said to be slain because it signifies His being rejected and denied, as may be seen above (n. 328). Concerning the nature and quality of the Jews, see above (n. 122, 433:28, 619), and in the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 248).

[4] Since it is here said "where our Lord was crucified," it shall be explained what crucifixion, or suspension upon wood, signified with the Jews. There were two punishments of death with them, crucifixion and stoning; and by crucifixion was signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of good in the church, and by stoning was signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of truth in the church. Crucifixion signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of good in the church, because wood, upon which they were suspended, signified good, and, in the opposite sense, evil, both pertaining to the will. Stoning signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of truth in the church, because stone, with which stoning was effected, signified truth, and, in the opposite sense falsity, both pertaining to the understanding. For all things instituted with the Israelitish and Jewish nation were representative, and thence significative. That wood signifies good, and, in the opposite sense, evil, and that stone signifies truth, and, in the opposite sense, falsity, may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia 643, 3720, 8354). But because it has been hitherto unknown whence the punishment of the cross and of stoning came to the Jews and Israelites, and since it is nevertheless important that this should be known, I will also adduce confirmations from the Word to show that these two punishments also were representative.

[5] That suspension upon wood, or crucifixion, was inflicted on account of the destruction of good in the church, and that thus was represented evil from infernal love, from which comes condemnation and a curse is evident from the following passages.

In Moses:

"If there be a stubborn and rebellious son, obeying not the voice of his father and mother, all the men of the city shall stone him with stones that he die. And if there be in a man sin and judgment of death, and he be slain, thou shalt hang him upon wood; his carcase shall not remain all night upon wood, but burying thou shalt bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is the curse of God, and thou shalt not defile thy land." (Deuteronomy 21:18, 20-23.)

Not obeying the voice of father and mother, signifies in the spiritual sense, to live contrary to the precepts and truths of the church; the punishment for it was therefore stoning. The men of the city who shall stone him signify those who are in the doctrine of the church, a city denoting doctrine. If there be in a man sin and judgment of death, thou shalt hang him upon wood, means if one has done evil against the good of the Word and of the church. Because this was a capital crime, he was to be hung upon wood, for wood, in the Word, signifies good, and in the opposite sense evil. His carcase shall not remain all night upon the wood, but thou shalt bury him the same day, signifies lest there be a representative of eternal damnation. Thou shalt not defile thy land, signifies that it would be a scandal to the church.

[6] In Lamentations:

"Our skins are become black as an oven, because of the storms of famine; they ravished the women in Zion, the virgins in the cities of Judah; their princes were hanged up by the hand, the faces of the elders are not honoured, the young men they have led away to grind, and the boys stumble under wood" (5:10-13).

Zion means the celestial church, which is in the good of love to the Lord; was represented by the Jewish nation. The virgins in the cities of Judah signify the affections for truth from the good of love; the perishing of truths from good by falsities from evil is signified by, their princes were hanged up by the hand. The faces of the elders which are not honoured signify the goods of wisdom; the young men who are led away to grind signify truths from good; and grinding signifies to acquire falsities and to confirm them from the Word; the boys who stumble under wood signify goods just springing up and perishing through evils.

[7] Since a baker, just as bread, signifies the good of love, and a butler, just as wine, signifies the truth of doctrine, therefore the baker was hanged on account of his crime against king Pharaoh. (Genesis 40:19-22; 41:13.) This may be seen explained in the Arcana Coelestia 5139-5169). Since Moab means those who adulterate the goods of the church, and Baalpeor signifies the adulteration of good, therefore it came to pass, that all the chiefs of the people were hung up before the sun, because the people committed whoredom with the daughters of Moab, and bowed themselves down to their gods, and joined themselves to Baalpeor (Numbers 25:1-4). To commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab signifies to adulterate the goods of the church; and to be hung up before the sun signifies condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of the good of the church.

[8] Because Ai signified knowledges of good and in the opposite sense, confirmations of evil, therefore the king of Ai was hanged on wood, and afterwards thrown down at the entrance of the gate of the city, and the city itself was burned (Joshua 8:26-29). And because the five kings of the Amorites signified evils and falsities therefrom, destroying the goods and truths of the church, therefore those kings were hanged by Joshua, and afterwards cast into the cave of Makkedah (Joshua 10:26, 27). The cave of Makkedah signifies direful falsity from evil.

[9] To be hung upon wood, or crucified, signifies the punishment of evil destroying the good of the church, in Matthew Jesus said,

"I send unto you prophets, wise men, and scribes; some of them ye will kill, crucify, and scourge in the synagogues, and persecute them from city to city" (23:34).

All things which the Lord spoke He spoke from the Divine, but the Divine things from which He spoke fell into the ideas of natural thought and the resulting expressions according to correspondences, like those here and elsewhere in the Evangelists; and as all the words have a spiritual sense, therefore in that sense, prophets, wise men, and scribes, are not meant, but instead of them the truth and good of doctrine and of the Word. For spiritual thought and speech therefrom, like that of the angels, is without the idea of person, therefore by a prophet is signified the truth of doctrine, by wise men the good of doctrine, and by scribes the Word from which is doctrine. It therefore follows, that to kill has reference to the truth of the doctrine of the church, which is meant by a prophet, to crucify has reference to the good of doctrine, which is meant by a wise man, and to scourge has reference to the Word, which is meant by a scribe and that thus "to kill" signifies to extinguish, "to crucify" to destroy, and "to scourge" to pervert. That they will wander from one falsity of doctrine to another is signified by persecuting them from city to city, a city denoting doctrine. This is the spiritual sense of the above words.

[10] In the same,

Jesus said unto the disciples that He must suffer at Jerusalem, and that the Son of Man must be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and that "they shall condemn him, and deliver him up to the nations to be mocked, to be scourged, and to be crucified, and that on the third day he shall rise again" (Matthew 20:18, 19; Mark 10:32-34).

The spiritual sense of these words is, that Divine Truth, in the church where mere falsities of doctrine and evils of life reign, shall be blasphemed, its truth perverted, and its good destroyed. The Son of Man signifies Divine Truth, which is the Word, and Jerusalem signifies the church where mere falsities and evils reign. The chief priests and scribes signify the adulterations of good and falsifications of truth, both of them from infernal love. By condemning and delivering Him to the nations is signified to relegate Divine Truth and Divine Good to hell, and to deliver them to the evils and falsities which are therefrom, the nations signifying the evils which are from hell and which destroy the goods of the church. To be mocked, to be scourged, and to be crucified, signifies to blaspheme, falsify, and pervert the truth, and to adulterate and destroy the good of the church and of the Word (as above). And the third day He shall rise again, signifies the complete glorification of the Lord's Human.

[11] From these things it is evident what is signified in the spiritual sense by the crucifixion of the Lord, also what is signified by the various mockings on that occasion, as that they set a crown of thorns upon His head; that they smote Him with a reed, and that they spat in His face, besides other things related in the Evangelists, signifying that the Jewish nation thus impiously treated the Divine Truth and Good itself, which the Lord was. For the Lord suffered the impious state of that church to be represented in Himself; this also was signified by His bearing their iniquities (Isaiah 53:11). For it was a common thing for a prophet to take upon himself the representation of the impious states of the church. Thus the prophet Isaiah was commanded to go naked and barefoot three years, in order to represent the church as destitute of good and truth (Isaiah 20:3, 4). The prophet Ezekiel bound in cords laid siege against a tile, on which Jerusalem was portrayed, and ate a cake of barley made with the dung of an ox, to represent that the truth and good of the church were thus besieged by falsities and polluted by evils (Ezekiel 4:1-13). The prophet Hosea was commanded to take to himself a harlot for a woman, and children of whoredoms, in order to represent what was then the quality of the church (Hosea 1:1-11); besides other things of a similar nature. That this was bearing the iniquities of the house of Israel or the church is openly declared in Ezekiel (chap. 4:5, 6). From these things it is evident that everything recorded concerning the Lord's passion was representative of the state of the church with the Jewish nation at that time.

[12] Thus much concerning the punishment of suspension upon wood, or crucifixion. It does not belong to this place to confirm from the Word that the other punishment of death, which was stoning, signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of the truth of the church, still it is evident from the passages in the Word where stoning is mentioned, as in Exodus 21:28-33; Leviticus 24:10-17, 23; Numbers 15:32-37; Deuteronomy 13:10; 17:5-7; 22:20, 21, 24; Ezekiel 16:39-41; 23:45-47; Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34; 20:6; John 8:7; 10:31, 32; and elsewhere.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.