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1 Samuel 1

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1 And there was a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim, from Mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite.

2 And he had two wives; the name of the first was Hannah, and the name of the second, Peninnah; and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

3 And this man went·​·up from his city from year to year, to worship and to sacrifice to Jehovah of Armies in Shiloh; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests of Jehovah, were there.

4 And it was the day that Elkanah sacrificed, and he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions;

5 and to Hannah he gave one double portion*; for he loved Hannah, and Jehovah had closed her womb.

6 And her adversary provoked her, even provoking her for the sake of making her tremble*, for Jehovah had closed up her womb.

7 And thus he would do year by year, as·​·often as she went·​·up into the house of Jehovah; thus she provoked her, and she would weep and would not eat.

8 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? And why eatest thou not? And why is· thy heart ·sick*? Am not I better to thee than ten sons?

9 And Hannah rose·​·up after eating in Shiloh, and after drinking. And Eli the priest sat on the chair by the doorpost of the temple of Jehovah.

10 And she was bitter of soul, and prayed to Jehovah, and weeping she wept.

11 And she vowed a vow, and said, O Jehovah of Armies, if seeing Thou wilt see the affliction of Thy maidservant, and wilt remember me, and not forget Thy maidservant, but wilt give to Thy maidservant the seed of men, then I will give him to Jehovah all the days of his life, and a razor shall not come·​·up upon his head.

12 And it was, that she prayed much before Jehovah, and Eli kept·​·watch of her mouth.

13 And Hannah, she was speaking in her heart; only her lips moved*, but her voice was not heard; and Eli reckoned she was drunken.

14 And Eli said to her, How long wilt thou be·​·drunken? Remove thy wine from upon thee.

15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful* spirit; neither wine nor strong·​·drink have I drunk, but have spilled·​·out my soul before Jehovah.

16 Do not put down thy maidservant for a daughter of Belial; for from the multitude of my complaint and provocation have I spoken hitherto.

17 And Eli answered and said, Go in peace; and may the God of Israel give thy petition that thou hast petitioned of Him.

18 And she said, Let thy handmaid find grace in thine eyes. And the woman went her way, and did eat, and her face was no longer sad.

19 And they got·​·up·​·early in the morning, and worshiped before Jehovah, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah; and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and Jehovah remembered her.

20 And it was, in the circling of the days, that Hannah conceived and gave·​·birth to a son, and called his name Samuel*, Because I have asked him of Jehovah.

21 And the man Elkanah went·​·up, and all his house, to sacrifice to Jehovah the sacrifice of the year*, and his vow.

22 And Hannah went· not ·up; for she said to her husband, I will not go up until the lad is weaned, and I bring· him ·in, that he may appear before Jehovah, and dwell there even·​·to eternity.

23 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Do what is good in thine eyes. Stay* until thou have weaned him. Surely Jehovah will raise·​·up His word. And the woman stayed* and nursed her son until she weaned him.

24 And she brought· him ·up with her when she had weaned him, with three bullocks, and one ephah of meal, and a jug of wine; and she brought him to the house of Jehovah, to Shiloh; and the lad was but a lad.

25 And they slaughtered a bullock, and brought the lad to Eli.

26 And she said, O* my lord, by the life of thy soul, my lord, I am the woman who stood·​·up with thee in this place to pray to Jehovah.

27 For this lad I prayed, and Jehovah has granted to me my petition which I petitioned of Him.

28 And also I have given·​·back· what I ·asked of Jehovah, all the days that he shall be, he who was asked of Jehovah. And they worshiped Jehovah there.


Thanks to the Kempton Project for the permission to use this New Church translation of the Word.

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 1

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

The 1st Book of Samuel opens with a story about a man named Elkanah and his two wives, Peninnah and Hannah. Peninnah had children but Hannah didn't.

Every year the family went to worship the Lord at the tabernacle in Shiloh. Elkanah gave his wives something to offer to the Lord. He gave Hannah a double amount to offer because he specially loved her and wanted her to be blessed.

One year during their worship at the tabernacle, Hannah was very sad because she didn’t have any children. She cried and begged the Lord for a son as she prayed. She promised the Lord that if He gave her a son, she would give her son back to serve the Lord all his life.

Eli, the high priest, saw her mouth move as she prayed but didn’t hear any words. So, he thought that she was drunk. She explained that she wasn’t drunk but very sad and was praying to the Lord. Then Eli understood and sent her on her way with his blessing.

The Lord heard Hannah’s prayer and soon she had a son. She named her son Samuel, which means “God heard.”

Each year the family went to worship the Lord, but Hannah stayed home taking care of Samuel. Then, when Samuel was weaned and could live away from her, she took Samuel back to Shiloh, so he could spend his life there, learning from Eli, and serving the Lord. 

Sometimes, we are like Hannah. We may be sad because of something we don’t have or can’t do. We may feel that we will never be happy without this. When we ask the Lord to help us, he can show us the way to be truly happy now and forever.

The name “Hannah” means favor or grace. Hannah is like any of us, as we ask for the Lord’s grace to give us true happiness.

Hannah’s grief-filled prayer took place at the tabernacle in Shiloh. “Shiloh” means peace. In fact, Shiloh represents the kind of peace that only the Lord Himself can give. (See Arcana Coelestia 6373.) And what is the thing that is missing in someone’s life? Often, that missing thing is the truth. The more truth we have and the more we understand the Lord, and ourselves, and the path that our life should take, the more of that true happiness we can find. (See Apocalypse Explained 375:2, 3.)

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Arcana Coelestia # 6373

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6373. 'Until Shiloh comes' means the Lord's Coming, and the peaceful tranquillity at that time. This is clear from the meaning of 'Shiloh' as the Lord, who is called Shiloh because He brought peace to all things and gave them tranquillity; for in the original language Shiloh is derived from a word meaning tranquil. Why the Lord is called Shiloh here is evident from what has been stated immediately above in 6371, 6372, regarding the celestial kingdom and its power and control. For when the Divine presented Himself by means of that kingdom there was no tranquillity, since things in heaven and those in hell could not be brought by means of that kingdom into a state of order. This was because the Divine, as it passed through that kingdom, could not remain pure since heaven is not pure; 1 so neither was that kingdom strong enough to serve as the means by which all things could be preserved in a state of order. And what is more, as a consequence hellish and devilish spirits were at that time breaking out of hell and having dominion over souls who were coming from the world, as a result of which a situation was coming about in which none but the celestial ones could be saved. At length scarcely these could have been saved if the Lord had not taken on the Human and made that Human within Himself Divine.

[2] By doing this the Lord brought all things into a state of order, first those in heaven, then those in hell; and this gave rise to peaceful tranquillity.

Spiritual people, that is, those who belonged to the spiritual Church, were saved through the Lord's Coming, see 2661, 2716, 2833, 2834.

When He was in the world the Lord brought all things into a state of order, 1810, 4286, 4187.

Divine Truth from Jehovah or the Lord flowed through heaven to the human race. But because this was insufficient when mankind departed from good, the Lord came into the world and made the Human within Himself Divine, so that the Lord's Divine Human would then be the source from which Divine Truth went forth and thereby saved a person who received good by means of truth, 4180, 6280.

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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.