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Geremia 51

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1 Così parla l’Eterno: Ecco, io faccio levare contro Babilonia e contro gli abitanti di questo paese, ch’è il cuore de’ miei nemici, un vento distruttore.

2 E mando contro Babilonia degli stranieri che la ventoleranno, e vuoteranno il suo paese; poiché, nel giorno della calamità, piomberanno su di lei da tutte le parti.

3 Tenda l’arciere il suo arco contro chi tende l’arco, e contro chi s’erge fieramente nella sua corazza! Non risparmiate i suoi giovani, votate allo sterminio tutto il suo esercito!

4 Cadano uccisi nel paese de’ Caldei, crivellati di ferite per le vie di Babilonia!

5 Poiché Israele e Giuda non son vedovati del loro Dio, dell’Eterno degli eserciti; e il paese de’ Caldei è pieno di colpe contro il Santo d’Israele.

6 Fuggite di mezzo a Babilonia, e salvi ognuno la sua vita, guardate di non perire per l’iniquità di lei! Poiché questo è il tempo della vendetta dell’Eterno; egli le dà la sua retribuzione.

7 Babilonia era nelle mani dell’Eterno una coppa d’oro, che inebriava tutta la terra; le nazioni han bevuto del suo vino, perciò le nazioni son divenute deliranti.

8 A un tratto Babilonia è caduta, è frantumata. Mandato su di lei alti lamenti, prendete del balsamo pel suo dolore; forse guarirà!

9 Noi abbiam voluto guarire Babilonia, ma essa non è guarita; abbandonatela, e andiamocene ognuno al nostro paese; poiché la sua punizione arriva sino al cielo, s’innalza fino alle nuvole.

10 L’Eterno ha prodotto in luce la giustizia della nostra causa: venite, raccontiamo in Sion l’opera dell’Eterno, del nostro Dio.

11 Forbite le saette, imbracciate gli scudi! L’Eterno ha eccitato lo spirito dei re dei Medi, perché il suo disegno contro Babilonia è di distruggerla; poiché questa è la vendetta dell’Eterno, la vendetta del suo tempio.

12 Alzate la bandiera contro le mura di Babilonia! Rinforzate le guardie, ponete le sentinelle, preparate gli agguati! Poiché l’Eterno ha divisato e già mette ad effetto ciò che ha detto contro gli abitanti di Babilonia.

13 O tu che abiti in riva alle grandi acque, tu che abbondi di tesori, la tua fine è giunta, il termine delle tue rapine!

14 L’Eterno degli eserciti l’ha giurato per se stesso: Sì, certo, io t’empirò d’uomini come di locuste ed essi leveranno contro di te gridi di trionfo.

15 Egli, con la sua potenza, ha fatto la terra, con la sua sapienza ha stabilito fermamente il mondo; con la sua intelligenza ha disteso i cieli.

16 Quando fa udire la sua voce, v’è un rumor d’acque nel cielo, ei fa salire i vapori dalle estremità della terra, fa guizzare i lampi per la pioggia e trae il vento dai suoi serbatoi;

17 ogni uomo allora diventa stupido, privo di conoscenza, ogni orafo ha vergogna delle sue immagini scolpite; perché le sue immagini fuse sono una menzogna, e non v’è soffio vitale in loro.

18 Sono vanità, lavoro d’inganno; nel giorno del castigo, periranno.

19 A loro non somiglia Colui ch’è la parte di Giacobbe; perché Egli è quel che ha formato tutte le cose, e Israele è la tribù della sua eredità. Il suo nome è l’Eterno degli eserciti.

20 O Babilonia, tu sei stata per me un martello, uno strumento di guerra; con te ho schiacciato le nazioni, con te ho distrutto i regni;

21 con te ho schiacciato cavalli e cavalieri, con te ho schiacciato i carri e chi vi stava sopra;

22 con te ho schiacciato uomini e donne, con te ho schiacciato vecchi e bambini, con te ho schiacciato giovani e fanciulle;

23 con te ho schiacciato i pastori e i lor greggi, con te ho schiacciato i lavoratori e i lor buoi aggiogati; con te ho schiacciato governatori e magistrati.

24 Ma, sotto gli occhi vostri, io renderò a Babilonia e a tutti gli abitanti della Caldea tutto il male che han fatto a Sion, dice l’Eterno.

25 Eccomi a te, o montagna di distruzione, dice l’Eterno; a te che distruggi tutta la terra! Io stenderò la mia mano su di te, ti rotolerò giù dalle rocce, e farò di te una montagna bruciata.

26 E da te non si trarrà più pietra angolare, né pietre da fondamenta; ma tu sarai una desolazione perpetua, dice l’Eterno.

27 Issate una bandiera sulla terra! Sonate la tromba fra le nazioni! Preparate le nazioni contro di lei, chiamate a raccolta contro di lei i regni d’Ararat, di Minni e d’Ashkenaz! Costituite contro di lei de’ generali! Fate avanzare i cavalli come locuste dalle ali ritte.

28 Preparate contro di lei le nazioni, i re di Media, i suoi governatori, tutti i suoi magistrati, e tutti i paesi de’ suoi domini.

29 La terra trema, è in doglia, perché i disegni dell’Eterno contro Babilonia s’effettuano: di ridurre il paese di Babilonia in un deserto senz’abitanti.

30 I prodi di Babilonia cessan di combattere; se ne stanno nelle loro fortezze; la loro bravura è venuta meno, son come donne; le sue abitazioni sono in fiamme, le sbarre delle sue porte sono spezzate.

31 Un corriere incrocia l’altro, un messaggero incrocia l’altro, per annunziare al re di Babilonia che la sua città è presa da ogni lato,

32 che i guadi son occupati, che le paludi sono in preda alle fiamme, che gli uomini di guerra sono allibiti.

33 Poiché così parla l’Eterno degli eserciti, l’Iddio d’Israele: La figliuola di Babilonia è come un’aia al tempo in cui la si trebbia; ancora un poco, e verrà per lei il tempo della mietitura.

34 Nebucadnetsar, re di Babilonia, ci ha divorati, ci ha schiacciati, ci ha posti là come un vaso vuoto; ci ha inghiottiti come un dragone; ha empito il suo ventre con le nostre delizie, ci ha cacciati via.

35 "La violenza che m’è fatta e la mia carne ricadano su Babilonia", dirà l’abitante di Sion; "Il mio sangue ricada sugli abitanti di Caldea", dirà Gerusalemme.

36 Perciò, così parla l’Eterno: Ecco, io difenderò la tua causa, e farò la tua vendetta! Io prosciugherò il suo mare, disseccherò la sua sorgente,

37 e Babilonia diventerà un monte di ruine, un ricetto di sciacalli, un oggetto di stupore e di scherno, un luogo senz’abitanti.

38 Essi ruggiranno assieme come leoni, grideranno come piccini di leonesse.

39 Quando saranno riscaldati, darò loro da bere, li inebrierò perché stiano allegri, e poi s’addormentino d’un sonno perpetuo, e non si risveglino più, dice l’Eterno.

40 Io li farò scendere al macello come agnelli, come montoni, come capri.

41 Come mai è stata presa Sceshac, ed è stata conquistata colei ch’era il vanto di tutta la terra? Come mai Babilonia è ella diventata una desolazione fra le nazioni?

42 Il mare è salito su Babilonia; essa è stata coperta dal tumulto de’ suoi flutti.

43 Le sue città son diventate una desolazione, una terra arida, un deserto, un paese dove non abita alcuno, per dove non passa alcun figliuol d’uomo.

44 Io punirò Bel in Babilonia, e gli trarrò di gola ciò che ha trangugiato, e le nazioni non affluiranno più a lui; perfin le mura di Babilonia son cadute.

45 O popolo mio, uscite di mezzo a lei, e salvi ciascuno la sua vita d’innanzi all’ardente ira dell’Eterno!

46 Il vostro cuore non s’avvilisca, e non vi spaventate delle voci che s’udranno nel paese; poiché un anno correrà una voce, e l’anno seguente correrà un’altra voce; vi sarà nel paese violenza, dominatore contro dominatore.

47 Perciò, ecco, i giorni vengono ch’io farò giustizia delle immagini scolpite di Babilonia, e tutto il suo paese sarà coperto d’onta, e tutti i suoi feriti a morte cadranno in mezzo a lei.

48 E i cieli, la terra, e tutto ciò ch’è in essi, giubileranno su Babilonia, perché i devastatori piomberanno su lei dal settentrione, dice l’Eterno.

49 Come Babilonia ha fatto cadere i feriti a morte d’Israele, così in Babilonia cadranno i feriti a morte di tutto il paese.

50 O voi che siete scampati dalla spada, partite, non vi fermate, ricordatevi da lungi dell’Eterno, e Gerusalemme vi ritorni in cuore!

51 Noi eravamo coperti d’onta all’udire gli oltraggi, la vergogna ci copriva la faccia, perché gli stranieri eran venuti nel santuario della casa dell’Eterno.

52 Perciò, ecco, i giorni vengono, dice l’Eterno, ch’io farò giustizia delle sue immagini scolpite, e in tutto il suo paese gemeranno i feriti a morte.

53 Quand’anche Babilonia s’elevasse fino al cielo, quand’anche rendesse inaccessibili i suoi alti baluardi, le verranno da parte mia dei devastatori, dice l’Eterno.

54 Giunge da Babilonia un grido, la notizia d’un gran disastro dalla terra de’ Caldei.

55 Poiché l’Eterno devasta Babilonia, e fa cessare il suo grande rumore; le onde dei devastatori muggono come grandi acque, se ne ode il fracasso;

56 poiché il devastatore piomba su lei, su Babilonia, i suoi prodi son presi, i loro archi spezzati, giacché l’Eterno è l’Iddio delle retribuzioni, non manca di rendere ciò ch’è dovuto.

57 Io inebrierò i suoi capi e i suoi savi, i suoi governatori, i suoi magistrati, i suoi prodi, ed essi s’addormenteranno d’un sonno eterno, e non si risveglieranno più, dice il Re, che ha nome l’Eterno degli eserciti.

58 Così parla l’Eterno degli eserciti: Le larghe mura di Babilonia saranno spianate al suolo, le sue alte porte saranno incendiate, sicché i popoli avran lavorato per nulla, le nazioni si saranno stancate per il fuoco.

59 Ordine dato dal profeta Geremia a Seraia, figliuolo di Neria, figliuolo di Mahaseia, quando si recò a Babilonia con Sedekia, re di Giuda, il quarto anno del regno di Sedekia. Seraia era capo dei ciambellani.

60 Geremia scrisse in un libro tutto il male che doveva accadere a Babilonia, cioè tutte queste parole che sono scritte riguardo a Babilonia.

61 E Geremia disse a Seraia: "Quando sarai arrivato a Babilonia, avrai cura di leggere tutte queste parole,

62 e dirai: O Eterno, tu hai detto di questo luogo che lo avresti distrutto, sì che non sarebbe più abitato né da uomo, né da bestia, e che sarebbe ridotto in una desolazione perpetua.

63 E quando avrai finito di leggere questo libro, tu vi legherai una pietra, lo getterai in mezzo all’Eufrate,

64 e dirai: Così affonderà Babilonia, e non si rialzerà più, a motivo del male ch’io faccio venire su di lei; cadrà esausta". Fin qui, le parole di Geremia.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 601

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601. Verse 3. And cried out with a great voice, as a lion roareth, signifies the testification of grievous distress on account of the desolation of Divine truth in the church. This is evident from the signification of "crying out with a great voice," as being the testification of grievous distress (of which presently); and from the signification of "as a lion roareth," as being on account of the desolation of Divine truth in the church; for a "lion" signifies Divine truth in its power (See above, n. 278), and "to roar" signifies the result of distress because of the desolation of truth.

[2] That this is the signification of "crying out with a great voice, as a lion roareth," can be seen from what follows in this chapter, where the desolation of Divine truth in the church is treated of; for "a strong angel coming down out of heaven" means the Lord in relation to the Word, which is Divine truth, of whom it is said afterwards that "the angel lifted up his hand to heaven, and sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages, that there shall be time no longer," which signifies that there shall be no longer any understanding of Divine truth, and thence no state of the church.

[3] And afterwards it is said, "In the days of the voice of the seventh angel the mystery of God shall be finished," which signifies the Last Judgment that was to come when there should be no faith in Divine truth because there would be no good of charity. From this it can be seen that "He cried out with a great voice, as a lion roareth," signifies the testification of grievous distress on account of the desolation of Divine truth in the church.

[4] Moreover, a "lion" is often mentioned in the Word; and in the highest sense a "lion" signifies the Lord in relation to Divine truth, likewise heaven and the church in respect to Divine truth from the Lord; and from this a "lion" signifies Divine truth in respect to power (See above, n. 278). This makes evident what "to roar" or "the roaring of a lion" signifies, namely, an ardent affection for defending heaven and the church, and thus for saving the angels of heaven and the men of the church, which is done by destroying the falsities of evil by means of Divine truth and its power; but in the contrary sense "to roar" or "the roaring of a lion" signifies an ardent desire to destroy and devastate the church, which is done by destroying Divine truth by means of the falsities of evil. Such is the signification of a "lion's roaring," because when a lion is hungry and seeks its prey, and also when it is enraged with anger against its enemy, it is its habit to roar.

[5] That this is the signification of "to roar" and "roaring" in the Word can be seen from the following passages. In Isaiah:

Thus Jehovah said unto me, Like as the lion, and the young lion roareth over his prey, when a multitude of shepherds goeth out against him, and he is not dismayed at their voice nor affected by their tumult, so shall Jehovah of Hosts come down to wage war upon Mount Zion and upon the hill thereof (Isaiah 31:4).

Jehovah is compared to a lion roaring, because a "lion" signifies the Lord in relation to Divine truth and its power, and "to roar" signifies the eagerness to defend the church against evils and falsities; therefore it is said, "so shall Jehovah of Hosts come down to wage war upon Mount Zion, and upon the hill thereof," "Mount Zion" meaning the celestial church, and "the hill thereof" (or Jerusalem) the spiritual church; the "prey over which the lion roareth" signifies deliverance from hell.

[6] In Joel:

Jehovah shall roar out of Zion, and shall give forth His voice from Jerusalem, and the heavens and the earth shall quake; but Jehovah shall be a shelter for His people, and a stronghold for the sons of Israel (Joel 3:16).

The protection of the faithful by the Lord by means of Divine truth is described by "Jehovah shall roar out of Zion, and shall give forth His voice from Jerusalem;" the vehement power of Divine truth, and consequent terror, are described by "the heavens and the earth shall quake;" and salvation and protection by "Jehovah shall be a shelter for His people, and a stronghold for the sons of Israel;" "the people of Jehovah" and "the sons of Israel" being the faithful who are of the church.

[7] In Hosea:

I will not return to destroy Ephraim. They shall go after Jehovah; He shall roar like a lion, for He shall roar, and sons from the sea shall draw near with honor, with honor shall they come as the bird out of Egypt and as the dove out of the land of Assyria; and I will make them to dwell upon their houses (Hosea 11:9-11).

"Ephraim" signifies the church in respect to the understanding of truth, concerning which therefore what follows is said. "To go after Jehovah" signifies to worship the Lord and to live from Him; "He shall roar like a lion, for He shall roar," signifies the protection of such by the Divine truth; "the sons from the sea shall draw near with honor," signifies that those who are in natural good shall draw near to the church; "with honor shall they come as a bird out of Egypt," signifies their natural thought from true knowledges [scientifica]; the "bird" meaning thought, and "Egypt" knowledge, which is natural truth; "and as the dove out of the land of Assyria," signifies that they shall have rational good and truth, a "dove" meaning rational good, and "the land of Assyria" the church in respect to rational truth; for in man there are both natural and rational good and truth; the natural is lower or exterior, looking to the world, the rational is higher or interior, conjoining the natural with the spiritual; the natural is meant by "Egypt," the rational by "Assyria," and the spiritual by "Israel." "To make them to dwell upon their houses" signifies life from the will of good and from the understanding of truth; the human mind, which consists of these, is meant by a "house," and "to dwell" signifies to live.

[8] In Amos:

The Lord Jehovih will not do 1 a word unless He shall reveal His secret unto His servants the prophets. The lion hath roared, who will not fear? The Lord Jehovih hath spoken, who will not prophesy? (Amos 3:7, 8).

"The Lord Jehovih will not do a word unless He hath revealed His secret to His servants the prophets" signifies that the Lord opens the interior things of the Word and of doctrine to those who are in truths from good; "to reveal a secret," signifies to enlighten and to open the interior things of the Word; "His servants the prophets" signify those who are in the truths of doctrine and who receive; "the lion hath roared, who will not fear?" signifies a powerful revelation and manifestation of Divine truth; "the Lord Jehovih hath spoken, who will not prophesy?" signifies its reception and manifestation. The Lord is called "Lord Jehovih" when good is treated of.

[9] In Zechariah:

The voice of the howling of the shepherds that their magnificence is devastated; the voice of the roaring of the young lions that the pride of Jordan is devastated (Zechariah 11:3).

"The voice of the howling of the shepherds that their magnificence is devastated" signifies the grief of those who teach, because the good of the church has perished; those are called "shepherds" who teach truth and by truth lead to the good of life, and "magnificence" means the good of the church; "the voice of the roaring of the young lions that the pride of Jordan is devastated" signifies grief, because of the desolation of Divine truth in the church. Those are called "lions" who are in Divine truths; "roaring" signifies grief; "the pride of Jordan, which is devastated," signifies the church in respect to Divine truth which introduces.

[10] In Job:

God roareth with His voice; He thundereth with the voice of His majesty; nor yet doth He overthrow when His voice is heard; God thundereth marvelously with His voice (Job 37:4, 5).

"To roar" and "to thunder with the voice" signify the power and efficacy of Divine truth or the Word.

[11] In the passages that have been cited, "to roar" signifies in a broad sense the ardent affection of protecting heaven and the church, or the angels of heaven and the men of the church, which is done by destroying the falsities of evil by means of Divine truth and its power. But in the contrary sense, "to roar" signifies an eager cupidity for ruining and destroying the church, which is done by destroying Divine truth by means of the falsities of evil. In this sense "to roar" is used in the following passages. In Jeremiah:

Babylon shall become heaps, the abode of dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing. They shall roar together like lions; they shall growl like lions' whelps; when they are heated I will set 2 their feasts, and I will make them drunken that they may exult and may sleep the sleep of an age and not awake (Jeremiah 51:37-39).

The destruction of Babylon so that there may be in it no truth or good, is signified by "Babylon shall become heaps, the abode of dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing." "Babylon" signifies those who abuse holy things for the sake of dominion; their eager cupidity for destroying Divine truth by means of the falsities of evil is signified by "they shall roar together like lions, they shall growl like lions' whelps." The eagerness of those who unite in doing this crime is signified by "when they are heated I will set their feasts;" that such will become insane from the falsities of evil is signified by "I will make them drunken that they may exult." That they will never understand anything of truth, and therefore will not see life, is signified by "that they may sleep the sleep of an age and not awake."

[12] In the same:

Is Israel a servant? Is he one born of the house? Why has he become a prey? The young lions roar against him, they give forth their voice, they reduce his land to a waste; his cities are burned, even so that there is no inhabitant (Jeremiah 2:14, 15).

"Is Israel a servant? Is he one born of the house?" signifies the church that had been in truths and goods, but is so no longer. "Israel" signifies the church; a "servant" those who are in truths, and "one born of the house," those who are in goods; "why has he become a prey?" signifies its devastation; "the young lions roar against him, they give forth their voice" signifies the desolation of Divine truth in the church by the falsities of evil; "they reduce his land to a waste" signifies the destruction of the church itself by evils; "his cities are burned even so that there is no inhabitant" signifies the destruction of the doctrinals also of the church by evils, so that there is no good of the church left.

[13] In Ezekiel:

One of the whelps of the lioness grew up, it became a young lion, and it learned to tear the prey; it devoured men. It ravished widows and devastated their cities, and the land was devastated 3 and the fullness thereof by the voice of his roaring (Ezekiel 19:3, 7).

This is said of the Jewish Church, which is here meant by "the mother of lions." A "young lion" signifies the falsity of evil in eagerness to destroy the truth of the church; "to tear the prey" signifies the destruction of the truth and good of the church. "It devoured men, it ravished widows, and devastated cities," signifies the destruction of all the understanding of truth and of good desiring truth, likewise of doctrinals; "men" signifying the understanding of truth, "widows" good desiring truth, and "cities" doctrinals; "the land was laid waste and the fullness thereof by the voice of his roaring" signifies the devastation of the church and the extinction of all truth from the Word by the falsity of evil, "land" meaning the church, "fullness" its truths from the Word, and "the voice of roaring" the falsity of evil destroying.

[14] In Jeremiah:

I call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the land. Therefore say unto them, Jehovah shall roar from on high, and give forth His voice from the abode of His holiness; in roaring He shall roar against their habitations; a tumult cometh even to the end of the earth; for Jehovah hath a controversy against the nations. He shall enter judgment with all flesh, He shall give the wicked to the sword (25 Jeremiah 25:29-31).

The vastation of the church is attributed to Jehovah, although men are the cause of it. "I call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the land" signifies falsity destroying every truth in the universal church. "Jehovah shall roar from on high, and give forth His voice from the abode of His holiness," signifies the testification of grief in heaven on account of the vastation of Divine truth. "In roaring He shall roar against their habitations" signifies great grief and lamentation over all things of the church; "a tumult cometh even to the end of the earth" signifies the disturbance of all things of the church from first to last; "for Jehovah hath a controversy against the nations, He shall enter judgment with all flesh," signifies visitation and judgment upon all who are in evils; "He shall give the wicked to the sword" signifies their destruction by falsities.

[15] In Amos:

Jehovah shall roar from Zion, and give forth His voice from Jerusalem; that the habitations of the shepherds may mourn, and the head of Carmel dry up (Amos 1:2).

"Roaring from Zion" signifies grievous distress, and "the voice from Jerusalem" lamentation; "the mourning of the habitations of the shepherds, and the drying up of the head of Carmel," signifies because of the vastation of all the goods and truths of the church; "the habitations of shepherds" signifying all the goods of the church; "the head of Carmel" all its truths, and "mourning" and "drying up" vastation. "The head of Carmel" signifies the truths of the church, because in Carmel there were vineyards, and "wine" signifies the truth of the church.

[16] In Isaiah:

The anger of Jehovah is kindled against His people. He hath lifted up an ensign to the nations from far, and hath hissed to him from the end of the earth. His roaring is like that of a lion, He roareth like young lions; He growleth and seizeth the prey, he shall snatch and none shall deliver, and he growleth against him like the growling of the sea; and if He shall look unto the earth, behold darkness and distress, and the light is darkened in the ruins thereof (5 Isaiah 5:25-30).

Here, too, "the roaring like that of a lion, and like that of young lions," signifies grief and lamentation over the vastation of Divine truth in the church by the falsities of evil. "He seizeth the prey and none shall deliver" signifies the deliverance and salvation of those who are in truths from good. The vastation itself is described by "behold darkness, distress, and the light is darkened in the ruins thereof;" "darkness" meaning falsities; "distress" evil; "the darkening of the light" the disappearance of Divine truth, and "ruins" total overthrow.

[17] In David:

The enemy hath destroyed all things in the sanctuary; the adversaries have roared in the midst of thy feast (Psalms 74:3, 4).

"The enemy" signifies evil from hell; "the sanctuary" the church, and "feast" worship. This makes clear what is signified by these words in series. That roaring signifies grievous lamentation from grief of heart can be seen from these passages. In David:

When I kept silence my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day (Psalms 32:3).

In the same:

I am weakened and crushed exceedingly; I have roared by reason of the roaring of my heart (Psalms 38:8).

And in Job:

My sighing cometh before bread, and my roarings are poured out like the waters (Job 3:24).

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Latin has "does," the Hebrew, as cited just before, has "will do."

2. Latin has "little," the Hebrew "set," as is also found in AE 187, 481.

3. Latin has "devastated," in AC 304, and AC 9348 we have "desolated."

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.