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Genesi 12

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1 Or l’Eterno disse ad Abramo: "Vattene dal tuo paese e dal tuo parentado e dalla casa di tuo padre, nel paese che io ti mostrerò;

2 e io farò di te una grande nazione e ti benedirò e renderò grande il tuo nome e tu sarai fonte di benedizione;

3 e benedirò quelli che ti benediranno e maledirò chi ti maledirà e in te saranno benedette tutte le famiglie della terra".

4 E Abramo se ne andò, come l’Eterno gli avea detto, e Lot andò con lui. Abramo aveva settantacinque anni quando partì da Charan.

5 E Abramo prese Sarai sua moglie e Lot, figliuolo del suo fratello, e tutti i beni che possedevano e le persone che aveano acquistate in Charan, e partirono per andarsene nel paese di Canaan; e giunsero nel paese di Canaan.

6 E Abramo traversò il paese fino al luogo di Sichem, fino alla quercia di Moreh. Or in quel tempo i Cananei erano nel paese.

7 E l’Eterno apparve ad Abramo e disse: "Io darò questo paese alla tua progenie". Ed egli edificò quivi un altare all’Eterno che gli era apparso.

8 E di là si trasportò verso la montagna a oriente di Bethel, e piantò le sue tende, avendo Bethel a occidente e Ai ad oriente; e quivi edificò un altare all’Eterno e invocò il nome dell’Eterno.

9 Poi Abramo si partì, proseguendo da un accampamento all’altro, verso mezzogiorno.

10 Or venne nel paese una carestia; e Abramo scese in Egitto per soggiornarvi, perché la fame era grave nel paese.

11 E come stava per entrare in Egitto, disse a Sarai sua moglie: "Ecco, io so che tu sei una donna di bell’aspetto;

12 e avverrà che quando gli Egiziani t’avranno veduta, diranno: Ella è sua moglie; e uccideranno me, ma a te lasceranno la vita.

13 Deh, di’ che sei mia sorella, perché io sia trattato bene a motivo di te, e la vita mi sia conservata per amor tuo".

14 E avvenne che quando Abramo fu giunto in Egitto, gli Egiziani osservarono che la donna era molto bella.

15 E i principi di Faraone la videro e la lodarono dinanzi a Faraone; e la donna fu menata in casa di Faraone.

16 Ed egli fece del bene ad Abramo per amor di lei; ed Abramo ebbe pecore e buoi e asini e servi e serve e asine e cammelli.

17 Ma l’Eterno colpì Faraone e la sua casa con grandi piaghe, a motivo di Sarai, moglie d’Abramo.

18 Allora Faraone chiamò Abramo e disse: "Che m’hai tu fatto? perché non m’hai detto ch’era tua moglie? perché hai detto:

19 E’ mia sorella? ond’io me la son presa per moglie. Or dunque eccoti la tua moglie; prenditela e vattene!"

20 E Faraone diede alla sua gente ordini relativi ad Abramo, ed essi fecero partire lui, sua moglie, e tutto quello ch’ei possedeva.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 921

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921. And Noah builded an altar unto Jehovah. That this signifies a representative of the Lord, is evident from what has just been said. All the rites of the Ancient Church were representative of the Lord, as also the rites of the Jewish Church. But the principal representative in later times was the altar, and also the burnt-offering, which being made of clean beasts and clean birds, had its representation according to their signification, clean beasts signifying the goods of charity, and clean birds the truths of faith. When men of the Ancient Church offered these, they signified that they offered gifts of these goods and truths to the Lord. Nothing else can be offered to the Lord that will be grateful to Him. But their posterity, as the Gentiles and also the Jews, perverted these things, not even knowing that they had such a signification, and making their worship consist in the externals only.

[2] That the altar was the principal representative of the Lord, is evident from the fact that there were altars, even among Gentiles, before other rites were instituted, and before the ark was constructed, and before the temple was built. This is evident from Abram, as that when he came upon the mountain on the east of Bethel he raised an altar and called upon the name of Jehovah (Genesis 12:8); and afterwards he was commanded to offer Isaac for a burnt-offering on an altar (Genesis 22:2, 9). So Jacob built an altar at Luz, or Bethel (Genesis 35:6-7); and Moses built an altar under Mount Sinai, and sacrificed (Exodus 24:4-6). All this was before the [Jewish] sacrifices were instituted, and before the ark was constructed at which worship was afterwards performed in the wilderness. That there were altars likewise among the Gentiles, is evident from Balaam, who said to Balak that he should build seven altars and prepare seven bullocks and seven rams (Numbers 23:1-7, 14-18, 29-30); and also from its being commanded that the altars of the nations should be destroyed (Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2). Thus Divine worship by altars and sacrifices was not a new thing instituted with the Jews. Indeed altars were built before men had any idea of slaying oxen and sheep upon them, but as memorials.

[3] That altars signify a representative of the Lord, and burnt-offerings the worship of Him thereby, is plainly evident in the Prophets, as also in Moses when it is said of Levi, to whom the priesthood belonged:

They shall teach Jacob Thy judgments, and Israel Thy law; they shall put incense in Thy nostrils, and whole burnt-offering upon Thine altar (Deuteronomy 33:10),

meaning all worship; for “to teach Jacob judgments, and Israel the law” denotes internal worship; and “to put incense in Thy nostrils, and whole burnt-offering on Thine altar” denotes corresponding external worship.

In Isaiah:

In that day shall a man look unto his Maker, and his eyes shall have respect to the Holy One of Israel; and he shall not look to the altars, the work of his hand (Isaiah 17:7-8),

where “looking to the altars” plainly signifies representative worship in general, which was to be abolished. Again:

In that day shall there be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to Jehovah (Isaiah 19:19),

where also “an altar” stands for external worship.

[4] In Jeremiah:

The Lord hath cast off His altar, He hath abhorred His sanctuary (Lamentations 2:7);

“altar” denoting representative worship which had become idolatrous.

In Hosea:

Because Ephraim hath multiplied altars to sin, altars have been unto him to sin (Hosea 8:11);

“altars” denote here all representative worship separate from internal, thus what is idolatrous. Again:

The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed; the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars (Hosea 10:8), where “altars” denote idolatrous worship.

In Amos:

In the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him, I will also visit the altars of Bethel, and the horns of the altar shall be cut off (Amos 3:14),

where again “altars” denote representative worship become idolatrous.

[5] In David:

Let them bring me unto the mountain of Thy holiness, and to Thy tabernacles. And I will go unto the altar of God, unto God the gladness of my joy (Psalms 43:3-4), where “altar” manifestly denotes the Lord.

Thus the building of an altar in the Ancient and in the Jewish Church was for a representative of the Lord. As the worship of the Lord was performed principally by burnt-offerings and sacrifices, and thus these things signified principally representative worship, it is evident that the altar itself signifies this representative worship itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.