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Giudici 8

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1 E GLI uomini di Efraim gli dissero: Che cosa è questo che tu ci hai fatto, di non averci chiamati, quando tu sei andato a combattere contro a Madian? E contesero aspramente con lui.

2 Ma egli disse loro: Che ho io ora fatto al par di voi? il raspollar d’Efraim non vale egli meglio che la vendemmia d’Abiezer?

3 Iddio vi ha dati i Capi de’ Madianiti, Oreb, e Zeeb, nelle mani; e che ho io potuto fare al par di voi? Allora, dopo ch’ebbe loro così parlato, il lor cruccio contro a lui si acquetò.

4 Or Gedeone arrivò al Giordano, e, passandolo con que’ trecent’uomini ch’erano con lui, i quali stanchi come erano, pur perseguitavano i Madianiti,

5 disse a que’ di Succot: Deh! date alcuni pezzi di pane alla gente che è al mio seguito; perciocchè sono stanchi, e io perseguito Zeba, e Salmunna, re di Madian.

6 Ma i principali di Succot risposero: Hai tu già in mano le palme di Zeba e di Salmunna, che noi diamo del pane al tuo esercito?

7 E Gedeone rispose: Perciò, quando il Signore mi avrà dato nelle mani Zeba e Salmunna, io vi sminuzzerò le carni con delle spine del deserto, e con triboli.

8 Poi di là egli salì in Penuel, e parlò a que’ di Penuel nella medesima maniera; ed essi gli risposero come que’ di Succot aveano risposto.

9 Ed egli disse parimente a que’ di Penuel: Quando io ritornerò in pace, io disfarò questa torre.

10 Or Zeba e Salmunna, erano in Carcor, co’ lor campi d’intorno a quindicimila uomini, ch’erano tutti quelli ch’erano rimasti di tutto il campo degli Orientali; e i morti erano cenventimila uomini, che potevano trar la spada.

11 E Gedeone salì traendo al paese di coloro che abitano in padiglioni, dal lato orientale di Noba, e di Iogbea; e percosse il campo, il qual se ne stava in sicurtà.

12 E Zeba, e Salmunna, fuggirono; ma egli li perseguitò, e prese i due re di Madian, Zeba, e Salmunna, e mise in rotta tutto il campo.

13 Poi Gedeone, figliuolo di Ioas, se ne ritornò dalla battaglia, dalla salita di Heres.

14 E prese un fanciullo della gente di Succot, e lo domandò; ed egli gli descrisse i principali e gli Anziani di Succot, ch’erano settantasette uomini.

15 Poi Gedeone venne agli uomini di Succot, e disse: Ecco Zeba, e Salmunna, de’ quali per ischerno voi mi diceste: Hai tu già nelle mani le palme di Zeba, e di Salmunna, che noi diamo del pane alla tua gente stanca?

16 Ed egli prese gli Anziani della città, e delle spine del deserto, e de’ triboli, e con essi castigò quegli uomini di Succot.

17 Disfece ancora la torre di Penuel, e uccise gli uomini della città.

18 Poi disse a Zeba, ed a Salmunna: Come erano quegli uomini che voi uccideste in Tabor? Ed essi risposero: Come tu appunto; ciascuno di essi pareva nel sembiante un figliuolo di re.

19 Ed egli disse loro: Essi erano miei fratelli, figliuoli di mia madre; come il Signore vive, se voi aveste loro salvata la vita, io non vi ucciderei.

20 Poi disse a Ieter, suo primogenito: Levati, uccidili. Ma il fanciullo non trasse fuori la sua spada; perciocchè avea paura; conciossiachè egli fosse ancor giovanetto.

21 E Zeba, e Salmunna, dissero: Levati su tu, e avventati sopra noi; perciocchè quale è l’uomo tale è la sua forza. Gedeone adunque si levò, e uccise Zeba, e Salmunna, e prese le borchie che i lor cammelli aveano al collo.

22 E gl’Israeliti dissero a Gedeone: Signoreggia sopra noi, tu, e il tuo figliuolo, e il figliuolo del tuo figliuolo; conciossiachè tu ci abbi salvati dalla mano de’ Madianiti.

23 Ma Gedeone disse loro: Nè io, nè il mio figliuolo, signoreggeremo sopra voi; il Signore signoreggerà sopra voi.

24 Poi Gedeone disse loro: Io vi farò una richiesta, che ciascun di voi mi dia il monile ch’egli ha predato; perciocchè coloro aveano de’ monili d’oro, perchè erano Ismaeliti.

25 Ed essi dissero: Noi del tutto te li daremo. Steso adunque un ammanto, ciascuno vi gittò il monile ch’egli aveva predato.

26 E il peso dei monili d’oro, che Gedeone avea chiesti, fu di mille settecento sicli d’oro; oltre alle borchie, e alle collane, e a’ vestimenti di porpora, che i re di Madian aveano indosso; e oltre a’ collari che i cammelli loro aveano al collo.

27 E Gedeone fece di quell’oro un Efod, e lo pose in Ofra, sua città; e tutto Israele fornicò quivi dietro ad esso; e ciò fu in laccio a Gedeone e alla sua casa.

28 Così Madian fu depresso davanti a’ figliuoli d’Israle, e non alzò più il capo; e il paese ebbe riposo per quarant’anni, a’ dì di Gedeone.

29 E Ierubbaal, figliuolo di Ioas, se ne andò, e dimorò in casa sua.

30 Or Gedeone ebbe settanta figliuoli, ch’erano usciti della sua anca; conciossiachè egli avesse molte mogli.

31 E la sua concubina, ch’era in Sichem, gli partorì anch’essa un figliuolo, al quale egli pose nome Abimelec.

32 Poi Gedeone, figliolo di Ioas, morì in buona vecchiezza, e fu seppellito nella sepoltura di Ioas, suo padre, in Ofra degli Abiezeriti.

33 E, dopo che Gedeone fu morto, i figliuoli d’Israele tornarono a fornicare dietro aBaali, e si costituirono Baal-berit per dio.

34 E non si ricordarono del Signore Iddio loro, il quale li avea riscossi dalle mani di tutti i lor nemici d’ogn’intorno;

35 e non usarono benignità inverso la casa di Ierubbaal, cioè, di Gedeone, secondo tutto il bene ch’egli avea operato inverso Israele.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 8

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 8: Gideon subdues the Midianites.

In this chapter, Gideon continued to dismantle Midian’s oppression over Israel, facing opposition from some of his fellow Israelites in the process. First, the men of Ephraim complained that he did not call them to war. Gideon replied by praising them for their vineyards, and for capturing the two Midianite princes. So, Ephraim’s indignation subsided.

Then Gideon went to the city of Succoth, and asked for bread to feed his army. But the men of Succoth refused, instead taunting him because he had not yet captured the kings of Midian. Gideon told them them he would punish them with thorns and briars, after he had killed the two kings. The people of Penuel were equally dismissive when Gideon asked them for help, and he swore to tear down their tower.

In due course, Gideon captured the two Midianite kings, Zebah and Zalmunna. Gideon told his oldest son to kill them, but he was young, and too afraid to do it. So Gideon killed the two kings, and punished the people of Succoth and Penuel.

When he returned from battle, the people of Israel asked Gideon to rule over them. However, he refused, saying that the Lord would rule Israel. He then collected gold from people’s earrings, used it to make an ephod (a priest’s garment), and set it up in his own city, Ophrah. The people began to worship it, and it became a snare for Gideon.

And Israel had peace for forty years under Gideon. Gideon had seventy sons, and died at an old age. As soon as he passed away, the Israelites forgot all the goodness that the Lord had shown them, and turned to worship other gods.

*****

The message of Gideon’s exchange with the Ephraimites is that sincerity and openness are the most powerful response to confrontation. Gideon, led by his trust in the Lord, could see the reason for Ephraim’s outburst, so he dealt with it by praising their strengths. This encounter shows how our faith in the Lord gives us a broader perspective, granting us the ability to respond rather than react (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 8159[3]).

When Gideon lashes out at the people of Succoth and Penuel, it may appear that he is acting purely from anger, and a wish to retaliate. In reality, he is filled with zeal to drive out the Midianites and free Israel. It is unthinkable to him that his own people would refuse to give his soldiers food. In our own lives, we can at times be astounded by our own resistance to serving the Lord’s purpose. We are constantly torn between two forces: heaven and hell (Arcana Caelestia 3839[3]).

The killing of the two Midianite kings reflects the need for justice in spiritual matters. If we fail to heed the truths we know and believe, we will suffer the consequences of fear and guilt. These are not inflicted by the Lord, but follow on from our own choices (Arcana Caelestia 2447). Gideon’s son’s inability to kill the kings means that behind spiritual justice, there must be an understanding of the essential value of all life (Arcana Caelestia 5826[2]).

Gideon’s ephod is a symbol showing how easily we can deviate from obeying the Lord. The text does not tell us the reason for Gideon’s actions, but perhaps he felt it was better for the people to worship something superficially related to worshiping the Lord, rather than following a foreign god. Seeing a priest’s garment reminds us that a priest serves the Lord. But we can so easily focus on the majesty of the ephod itself, and think no more about the priest’s duty nor about the Lord. We sometimes drift further from the Lord without even realizing it (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Providence 327).

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Arcana Coelestia # 3839

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3839. 'And he said to Laban, What is this you have done to me?' means indignation. This is clear from the affectional content of these words and of those that follow; for as accords with the sequence of events in this historical narrative it is the feeling of indignation that is expressed in these words. There are two elements which constitute the internal sense of the Word - affections and subject-matter. The affections lying within expressions of the Word are not visible to man but are concealed there inmostly. Nor can they be visible since man during his lifetime is governed by worldly and bodily affections, which have nothing in common with the affections present in the internal sense of the Word. That sense contains affections which belong to spiritual and celestial love, affections which mankind is that much less capable of perceiving because those in whom they exist are few, and the few in whom they do exist are for the most part simple people who have no ability to reflect on affections. All others do not even know what genuine affection is. These affections that belong to celestial and spiritual love manifest themselves in charity towards the neighbour and in love to God. Those in whom such affections do not exist do not believe that they are anything at all, when in fact those affections fill the whole of heaven, doing so in varying ways beyond description. These are the affections, together with the variations of them, which have been stored away in the internal sense of the Word, residing not only in every sentence but also in every expression, indeed in every detail. And they reveal themselves to angels when the Word is read by people in whom simple good and at the same time innocence are present; and they reveal themselves, as has been stated, in ways unendingly various.

[2] There are principally two kinds of affections which shine out of the Word for angels to see - affections for truth and affections for good. Affections for truth reveal themselves to spiritual angels, affections for good to celestial angels. The latter, namely affections for good, which belong to love to the Lord, are altogether indescribable to man and are consequently incomprehensible too. But affections for truth, which belong to mutual love, are to some extent comprehensible in their most general aspects, though only to people in whom mutual love is present. And even those general aspects are not comprehensible to them from any internal perception except one that is obscure.

[3] Take for example the affection or feeling of indignation referred to in this verse. Anyone who does not know what charitable affection is, for the reason that this is not present in him, can have no other idea of what it is but the kind of indignation that is aroused in a person when some wrong is done to him - which in reality is a feeling of anger. But that kind of indignation does not exist with angels but an altogether different kind, which is not the expression of anger but of zeal, and holds nothing evil in it at all. This indignation is as far away from hatred, or revenge, or repaying evil with evil, as heaven is from hell; for it wells up out of good. But the nature of that indignation, as has been stated, cannot be expressed by any words. The situation is similar with all other affections which originate in good and truth and which belong to good and truth.

[4] This is also evident from the fact that angels are concerned solely with ends in view, and with the purposes engendered by those ends, 1317, 1645, 3645. Ends in view are nothing else than loves or affections, 1317, 1568, 1571, 1909, 3425, 3796; for what a person loves he has as his end in view. This being so, angels are acquainted with the affections enclosed in the subject-matter of the Word; and this entails every variation according to the types of affections present in the angels. From this it becomes quite clear how holy the Word is, for Divine love, that is, love coming from the Divine, has holiness within it, and so therefore do the subjects within the Word.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.