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Joshua 22

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1 ALLORA Giosuè chiamò i Rubeniti, e i Gaditi, e la mezza tribù di Manasse, e disse loro:

2 Voi avete osservato tutto ciò che Mosè, servitor del Signore, vi avea comandato; e avete ubbidito alla mia voce, in tutto quello che io vi ho comandato;

3 voi non avete abbandonati i vostri fratelli in questo lungo tempo, infino ad oggi; e avete osservato ciò che il Signore Iddio vostro vi avea comandato d’osservare.

4 Or dunque, poichè il Signore Iddio vostro ha dato riposo a’ vostri fratelli, come egli avea loro detto, ritornatevene, e andate alla vostre stanze nel paese della vostra possessione, la qual Mosè, servitor del Signore, vi diede di là dal Giordano.

5 Sol prendete diligentemente guardia di mettere in opera i comandamenti e la Legge che Mosè, servitor del Signore, vi ha data, per amare il Signore Iddio vostro, e camminare in tutte le sue vie, e osservare i suoi comandamenti, e attenervi a lui, e servirgli con tutto il cuor vostro, e con tutta l’anima vostra.

6 Poi Giosuè li benedisse, e li accommiatò. Ed essi se ne andarono alle loro stanze.

7 Or Mosè avea data eredità alla metà della tribù di Manasse, in Basan; e Giosuè diede eredità all’altra metà co’ lor fratelli, di qua dal Giordano, verso Occidente. Giosuè, oltre a ciò, rimandandoli alle loro stanze, e benedicendoli, disse loro:

8 Poichè voi ritornate alle vostre stanze con gran ricchezze, e con moltissimo bestiame, e con grandissima quantità d’argento, e d’oro, e di rame, e di ferro, e di vestimenti; spartite le spoglie de’ vostri nemici co’ vostri fratelli.

9 I figliuoli di Ruben adunque, e i figliuoli di Gad, e la mezza tribù di Manasse, partitisi d’appresso a’ figliuoli d’Israele, di Silo, che è nel paese di Canaan, se ne ritornarono, per andare al paese di Galaad, nel paese della loro eredità, del quale erano stati messi in possessione, secondo che il Signore avea comandato per Mosè.

10 E, arrivati agli argini del Giordano, che sono nel paese di Canaan, i figliuoli di Ruben, e i figliuoli di Gad, e la mezza tribù di Manasse, edificarono quivi un altare, presso al Giordano; un altare grande e ragguardevole.

11 E i figliuoli d’Israele udirono dire: Ecco, i figliuoli di Ruben, e i figliuoli di Gad, e la mezza tribù di Manasse, hanno edificato un altare dirincontro al paese di Canaan, presso agli argini del Giordano, dal lato de’ figliuoli d’Israele.

12 E ciò udito, tutta la raunanza de’ figliuoli d’Israele si adunò in Silo, per salire a far loro guerra.

13 Ma prima i figliuoli d’Israele mandarono a’ figliuoli di Ruben, e a’ figliuoli di Gad, e alla mezza tribù di Manasse, nel paese di Galaad, Finees, figliuolo del Sacerdote Eleazaro;

14 e, con lui, dieci uomini principali, uno per ciascuna casa paterna di tutte le tribù d’Israele; e ciascun di loro era Capo della sua casa paterna fra le migliaia d’Israele.

15 Costoro adunque vennero a’ figliuoli di Ruben, e a’ figliuoli di Gad, e alla mezza tribù di Manasse, nel paese di Galaad, e parlarono con loro, dicendo:

16 Così ha detto tutta la raunanza del Signore: Qual misfatto è questo, che voi avete commesso contro all’Iddio d’Israele, rivoltandovi oggi indietro dal Signore, edificandovi un altare, per ribellarvi oggi contro al Signore?

17 L’iniquità di Peor, della quale infino ad oggi non siamo purgati, e per la quale fu quella piaga sopra la raunanza del Signore, ci pare ella poca cosa,

18 che voi oggi vi rivoltiate indietro dal Signore? onde avverrà che, ribellandovi oggi contro al Signore, domani egli si adirerà contro a tutta la raunanza d’Israele.

19 Che se pure il paese della vostra possessione è immondo, passate al paese della possessione del Signore, nel quale il Tabernacolo del Signore è stanziato; e abbiate possessione fra noi, e non vi ribellate contro al Signore, e non vi rivoltate da noi, edificandovi un altare, oltre all’altare del Signore Iddio nostro.

20 Acan, figliuolo di Zera, non commise egli misfatto intorno all’interdetto; onde vi fu indegnazione contro a tutta la raunanza d’Israele? e quell’uomo non morì solo per la sua iniquità.

21 Ma i figliuoli di Ruben, e i figliuoli di Gad, e la mezza tribù di Manasse, risposero, e dissero a’ Capi delle migliaia d’Israele:

22 Il Signore Iddio degl’iddii, il Signore Iddio degl’iddii, esso il sa; Israele anch’esso il saprà. O Signore se abbiam fatto questo per ribellione, e per commetter misfatto contro a te, non salvarci in questo giorno.

23 Se, edificandoci un altare l’abbiam fatto per rivoltarci indietro dal Signore; ovvero per offerir sopra esso olocausto od offerta; ovvero, per far sopra esso sacrificio da render grazie; il Signore istesso ne domandi conto.

24 E se non l’abbiam fatto per tema di questo, cioè che per l’innanzi i vostri figliuoli potrebbero dire a’ nostri figliuoli: Che avete voi a fare col Signore Iddio d’Israele?

25 Poichè il Signore ha posto un confine tra voi e noi, o figliuoli di Ruben, e figliuoli di Gad, cioè il Giordano; voi non avete parte alcuna nel Signore; laonde i vostri figliuoli farebbero che i nostri figliuoli resterebbero di temere il Signore.

26 Perciò abbiamo detto: Provvediamo ora a noi, edificando questo altare, non per olocausto, nè per sacrificio;

27 anzi, acciocchè sia un testimonio fra noi e voi, e fra le nostre generazioni dopo noi, che noi possiamo fare il servigio del Signore nel suo cospetto, ne’ nostri olocausti, ne’ nostri sacrificii, e nelle nostre offerte da render grazie; e che i vostri figliuoli per l’innanzi non dicano a’ nostri figliuoli: Voi non avete alcuna parte nel Signore.

28 Abbiamo adunque detto: Quando per innanzi diranno così a noi, e alle nostre generazioni, noi diremo loro: Vedete la somiglianza dell’Altare del Signore, che i padri nostri hanno fatta, non per olocausto, nè per sacrificio; anzi acciocchè sia testimonio fra noi e voi.

29 Tolga Iddio da noi che noi ci ribelliamo contro al Signore, e che oggi ci rivoltiamo indietro dal Signore, per edificare un altare per olocausto, per offerta, o per altro sacrificio, oltre all’altare del Signore Iddio nostro, che è davanti al suo Tabernacolo.

30 Quando il Sacerdote Finees, e i principali della raunanza, e i Capi delle migliaia d’Israele, ch’erano con lui, ebbero intese le parole che i figliuoli di Ruben, e i figliuoli di Gad, e i figliuoli di Manasse dissero, la cosa piacque loro.

31 E Finees, figliuolo del Sacerdote Eleazaro, disse a’ figliuoli di Ruben, e a’ figliuoli di Gad, e a’ figliuoli di Manasse: Oggi conosciamo che il Signore è nel mezzo di noi, poichè voi non avete commesso questo misfatto contro al Signore; a tal’ora avete scampati i figliuoli d’Israele dalla man del Signore.

32 E Finees, figliuolo del Sacerdote Eleazaro, e que’ principali, se ne ritornarono d’appresso a’ figliuoli di Ruben, e d’appresso a’ figliuoli di Gad, dal paese di Galaad, nel paese di Canaan, a’ figliuoli d’Israele, e rapportarono loro la cosa.

33 E la cosa piacque a’ figliuoli d’Israele; ed essi benedissero Iddio, e non parlarono più di salire a far guerra a’ figliuoli di Ruben e di Gad, per guastare il paese nel quale essi abitavano.

34 E i figliuoli di Ruben, e i figliuoli di Gad, posero nome a quell’altare: Ed; perciocchè dissero: Esso è testimonio fra noi, che il Signore è l’Iddio.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 22

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 22: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh return.

With the land of Canaan now settled by Israel, the time had come for the men of Reuben, Gad, and one half of Manasseh to return to the other side of the Jordan, where their wives, children, cattle and sheep were left. The men of these two and a half tribes had been ordered to fight alongside the other tribes of Israel, and only then to return home.

They left, and when they came to the banks of the River Jordan, they built a large altar to the Lord. When the rest of Israel caught word of this, they wanted to go to war with these tribes, because they felt the altar was a sacrilege - Israel had the tabernacle for its worship of the Lord. They sent Phineas the priest to ask why they had built the altar. These tribes across the Jordan replied that in the future, the people of Israel may move against them, and reject them. They said the altar would serve as a witness to their worship of the Lord, just as the Israelites in Canaan worshiped. This answer pleased the priest, and when he told the leaders of Israel, it pleased them too.

The spiritual meaning of this episode is a very important one for us. The tribes living on the other side of the River Jordan stand for the worldly activities of our outward life, which in themselves are a very important part of our spiritual life. These actions make up the external part of spiritual life, in which we are able to do good (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 9824[2]).

The tribes building an altar to God portrays our understanding that all the good we do, and all the use we provide, is possible because of the Lord. He is the giver of all good, which is why we must serve the Lord. Without use, spiritual thoughts and beliefs do not have a foundation (Arcana Caelestia 9473[3]).

Reuben, Gad and half of Manasseh said that the people of Israel might cut them off in the future. In spiritual terms, this would be to separate spiritual life and external life in daily living. This would result in such things as hypocrisy, and faith without charity, both of which are a threat to our spiritual well-being (see Swedenborg’s work, Doctrine of Life 4).

The altar, which was built on Canaan’s side of the Jordan before these tribes crossed over, was to stand as a witness to the union between the tribes within Canaan and the tribes across the Jordan, as one nation before the Lord (Arcana Caelestia 9714).

This unity means that we must be equally present in three areas of life: in the depths of our heart, in our worship and adoration of the Lord; in our mind, in our understanding and delight in the Lord’s Word with all its truth; and in our outward actions, where our acknowledgement of the Lord as our God leads us to be sincere, just, moral, fair, compassionate and dedicated to the service of God.

The answer from the three tribes pleased the priest and, in turn, the leaders of Israel. This reception represents our affirmation that ‘being spiritual’ does not take the place of helping others, but really demands that we serve the Lord in our daily actions (see Swedenborg’s work, Apocalypse Explained 325[4]).

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Joshua 22

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1 Then Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh,

2 And said unto them, Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you:

3 Ye have not left your brethren these many days unto this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment of the LORD your God.

4 And now the LORD your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you on the other side Jordan.

5 But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.

6 So Joshua blessed them, and sent them away: and they went unto their tents.

7 Now to the one half of the tribe of Manasseh Moses had given possession in Bashan: but unto the other half thereof gave Joshua among their brethren on this side Jordan westward. And when Joshua sent them away also unto their tents, then he blessed them,

8 And he spake unto them, saying, Return with much riches unto your tents, and with very much cattle, with silver, and with gold, and with brass, and with iron, and with very much raiment: divide the spoil of your enemies with your brethren.

9 And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the country of Gilead, to the land of their possession, whereof they were possessed, according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses.

10 And when they came unto the borders of Jordan, that are in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh built there an altar by Jordan, a great altar to see to.

11 And the children of Israel heard say, Behold, the chidren of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh have built an altar over against the land of Canaan, in the borders of Jordan, at the passage of the children of Israel.

12 And when the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up to war against them.

13 And the children of Israel sent unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest,

14 And with him ten princes, of each chief house a prince throughout all the tribes of Israel; and each one was an head of the house of their fathers among the thousands of Israel.

15 And they came unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, unto the land of Gilead, and they spake with them, saying,

16 Thus saith the whole congregation of the LORD, What trespass is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the LORD?

17 Is the iniquity of Peor too little for us, from which we are not cleansed until this day, although there was a plague in the congregation of the LORD,

18 But that ye must turn away this day from following the LORD? and it will be, seeing ye rebel to day against the LORD, that to morrow he will be wroth with the whole congregation of Israel.

19 Notwithstanding, if the land of your possession be unclean, then pass ye over unto the land of the possession of the LORD, wherein the LORD's tabernacle dwelleth, and take possession among us: but rebel not against the LORD, nor rebel against us, in building you an altar beside the altar of the LORD our God.

20 Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.

21 Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh answered, and said unto the heads of the thousands of Israel,

22 The LORD God of gods, The LORD God of gods, he knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against The LORD, (save us not this day,)

23 That we have built us an altar to turn from following the LORD, or if to offer thereon burnt offering or meat offering, or if to offer peace offerings thereon, let the LORD himself require it;

24 And if we have not rather done it for fear of this thing, saying, In time to come your children might speak unto our children, saying, What have ye to do with the LORD God of Israel?

25 For the LORD hath made Jordan a border between us and you, ye children of Reuben and children of Gad; ye have no part in the LORD: so shall your children make our children cease from fearing the LORD.

26 Therefore we said, Let us now prepare to build us an altar, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice:

27 But that it may be a witness between us, and you, and our generations after us, that we might do the service of the LORD before him with our burnt offerings, and with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings; that your children may not say to our children in time to come, Ye have no part in the LORD.

28 Therefore said we, that it shall be, when they should so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we may say again, Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt offerings, nor for sacrifices; but it is a witness between us and you.

29 God forbid that we should rebel against the LORD, and turn this day from following the LORD, to build an altar for burnt offerings, for meat offerings, or for sacrifices, beside the altar of the LORD our God that is before his tabernacle.

30 And when Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the congregation and heads of the thousands of Israel which were with him, heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the children of Manasseh spake, it pleased them.

31 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, This day we perceive that the LORD is among us, because ye have not committed this trespass against the LORD: now ye have delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the LORD.

32 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, returned from the children of Reuben, and from the children of Gad, out of the land of Gilead, unto the land of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and brought them word again.

33 And the thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children of Israel blessed God, and did not intend to go up against them in battle, to destroy the land wherein the children of Reuben and Gad dwelt.

34 And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar Ed: for it shall be a witness between us that the LORD is God.