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Joshua 11

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1 OR come Iabin, re di Hasor, ebbe intese queste cose, mandò a Iobab, re di Madon, e al re di Simron, e al re di Acsaf;

2 e ai re ch’erano dal Settentrione, nel monte, e nella campagna, dal Mezzodì di Chinneret, e nella pianura, e nelle contrade di Dor, dall’Occidente;

3 al Cananeo, dall’Oriente, e dall’Occidente, e all’Amorreo, e all’Hitteo, e al Ferizzeo, e al Gebuseo, ch’era nel monte, e all’Hivveo, ch’era sotto Hermon, nel paese di Mispa.

4 Ed essi uscirono fuori, con tutti i loro eserciti, ch’erano una gran gente, come la rena ch’è in su la riva del mare, in moltitudine, e con cavalli e carri, in grandissimo numero.

5 E tutti questi re, convenutisi insieme, vennero, e si accamparono insieme presso alle acque di Merom, per combattere contro ad Israele.

6 E il Signore disse a Giosuè: Non temer di loro; perciocchè domani intorno a questo tempo io farò che tutti saranno uccisi nel cospetto d’Israele; taglia i garetti a’ lor cavalli, e abbrucia col fuoco i lor carri.

7 Giosuè adunque, con tutta la gente di guerra, venne di subito improvviso contro a loro alle acque di Merom, e li assaltò.

8 E il Signore li diede nelle mani d’Israele; ed essi li percossero, e li perseguitarono fino a Sidon la gran città, e alle Acque calde, e fino alla valle di Mispa, verso Oriente; e li percossero in modo che non ne lasciarono alcuno in vita.

9 E Giosuè fece loro come il Signore gli avea detto; egli tagliò i garetti a’ lor cavalli, e bruciò i lor carri col fuoco.

10 In quel tempo ancora Giosuè, ritornandosene, prese Hasor, e percosse il re di essa con la spada; perciocchè Hasor era stata per addietro il capo di tutti que’ regni.

11 Mise eziandio ogni anima ch’era dentro a fil di spada, distruggendole al modo dell’interdetto; non vi restò alcun’anima; e Giosuè bruciò Hasor col fuoco.

12 Giosuè prese parimente tutte le città di quei re, e tutti i re di esse; e li mise a fil di spada, e li distrusse al modo dell’interdetto; come Mosè, servitor del Signore, avea comandato.

13 Solo Israele non bruciò alcuna delle città ch’erano rimaste in piè, fuor che Hasor sola, la quale Giosuè bruciò.

14 E i figliuoli d’Israele predarono per loro tutte le spoglie di quelle città, e il bestiame; ma misero a fil di spada tutti gli uomini, finchè li ebbero sterminati; non lasciarono alcun’anima in vita.

15 Come il Signore avea comandato a Mosè, suo servitore, così comandò Mosè a Giosuè, e così fece Giosuè; egli non tralasciò cosa alcuna di tutto ciò che il Signore avea comandato a Mosè.

16 Giosuè adunque prese tutto quel paese, il monte, e tutta la contrada meridionale, e tutto il paese di Gosen, e la pianura, e la campagna, e il monte d’Israele, e la sua pianura; dal monte Halac,

17 che sale verso Seir, infino a Baal-gad, nella valle del Libano, sotto il monte di Hermon; prese ancora tutti i re di quel paese, e li percosse e li fece morire.

18 Giosuè fece guerra con tutti quei re per un lungo tempo.

19 Ei non vi fu città alcuna che facesse pace co’ figliuoli d’Israele, fuor che gli Hivvei, abitanti di Gabaon: essi presero tutte l’altre per forza d’arme.

20 Perciocchè dal Signore procedeva che coloro induravano il cuor loro, per venire a battaglia con Israele; acciocchè egli li distruggesse al modo dell’interdetto, e non vi fosse grazia alcuna per loro, anzi fossero sterminati; come il Signore avea comandato a Mosè.

21 Giosuè ancora, in quel tempo, venne, e distrusse gli Anachiti del monte di Hebron, di Debir, di Anab, e di tutto il monte di Giuda, e di tutto il monte d’Israele. Giosuè li distrusse al modo dell’interdetto, insieme con le lor città.

22 Non restarono alcuni Anachiti nel paese de’ figliuoli d’Israele; sol ne restarono in Gaza, in Gat, e in Asdod.

23 Giosuè adunque prese tutto il paese, interamente come il Signore avea detto a Mosè, e lo diede in eredità a Israele, secondo i loro spartimenti, a tribù a tribù. E il paese ebbe riposo della guerra.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 11

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 11: Joshua conquers the entire land.

In this chapter, the Canaanite kings of the north, east and west heard that Israel had conquered all of the southern Canaanite territories. Jabin, king of Hazor, called upon the other Canaanite kingdoms to join forces and attack Israel with a great army.

The Lord reassured Joshua, “Be not afraid because of them: for tomorrow about this time will I deliver them up all slain before Israel” (verse 6). So Joshua counterattacked, and Israel defeated the Canaanites just as the Lord had said.

The rest of the chapter is an account of Joshua’s victories, now here, now there. Israel destroyed each of the Canaanite cities and territories and not one of them was left undefeated (See Swedenborg’s work, The New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Doctrine 161-164). In all of Canaan, only the Gibeonites were spared because they had made a peace treaty with Israel. The chapter closes with these words: “So Joshua took the whole land according to all that the Lord had said to Moses, and Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. Then the land had rest from war” (verse 23).

Now we turn to the spiritual meaning of all this, and its meaning for us. Because of our inherited, human nature, each of us has internal things we have to contend with in our natural life. These Canaanites - the faults we must overcome - are described by the compass points: north, south, east and west. Here are the spiritual meanings of the four cardinal directions (see Swedenborg’s work, Heaven and Hell 141-153):

West = less love

East = greater love

North = less light and wisdom

South = greater light and wisdom

Swedenborg tells us that heaven is organized by this principle. Angels with the clearest perception of love live in the eastern region of heaven, while those with a more hazy understanding live in the west. The same thing applies to the north/south axis; those in a “clear light of wisdom” live in the south, and those in a “dim light of wisdom” live in the north (Heaven and Hell 148). These poles represent angels’ states of love and wisdom, and their use. Just like people on earth, angels experience varying states of love and wisdom - sometimes more, sometimes less - but with angels this leads to them turning again to the Lord to acknowledge that he is their God.

The same pattern exists in hell, but instead of love and wisdom there is self-love (or even hatred) and false thinking from this distorted love. In hell, the degree of intensity in these states is between the rage to dominate and the exhaustion of failing.

In our life on earth, we experience states of both heaven and hell. As we are only partly regenerated, we rapidly switch between these states because of our emotions and the upheavals of life in this world. This chapter about the conflict between Israel and the Canaanites represents our own, personal decisions about what will be the ruling influence in our lives - heaven or hell (See Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 5982).

The end of this chapter offers two important statements describing the conflict between heaven and hell. The first one (in verse 20) says the Lord hardened the hearts of Israel’s enemies so that they came to attack, and consequently were destroyed. This tells us that we have to see our evils for what they are in order to turn away from them (See Swedenborg’s unpublished work, Charity 179-180).

The second statement (verses 21-22) says that Joshua completely destroyed the Anakim, except beyond the borders of the land. The Anakim were giants, and they stand for those enormous tensions and rages which evil spirits from hell bring us at times. This (reassuringly) helps us see that we are not like that ourselves, but we could be if we let those evil spirits make a home in our hearts and minds (Arcana Caelestia 2909[3]).

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Heaven and Hell # 148

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148. All the people in the heavens live in different areas according to the cardinal directions. People who are sensitive to the good that love does live along the east-west axis: the ones who have a clear perception of this, toward the east; and the ones who have a vague perception of it, toward the west. People who are sensitive to the issues of wisdom that result [from that good] live along the south-north axis: the ones in a clear light of wisdom, toward the south; and the ones in a dim light of wisdom, toward the north.

The dwelling arrangement for angels in the Lord's spiritual kingdom is like that of the ones in his heavenly kingdom, with a difference that depends on the good that love does and the light of truth that comes from the good. This is because the love in the heavenly kingdom is a love for the Lord, and the light of truth from that love is wisdom. On the other hand, the love in the spiritual kingdom is the love for our neighbor that is called thoughtfulness, and the light of truth that comes from it is intelligence, also called faith (see above, 23). They also differ according to the directions, since as just noted (146), the directions in the two kingdoms are thirty degrees apart.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.