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Geremia 51

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1 Così ha detto il Signore: Ecco, io fo levare contro a Babilonia, e contro a quelli che abitano nel cuor de’ miei nemici, un vento disertante.

2 E manderò contro a Babilonia degli sventolatori, che la sventoleranno, e vuoteranno il suo paese; perciocchè, nel giorno della calamità, saranno sopra lei d’ogn’intorno.

3 Tenda l’arciero l’arco contro a chi tende l’arco, e contro a colui che si rizza nella sua corazza; e non risparmiate i giovani di essa, distruggete tutto il suo esercito.

4 E caggiano uccisi nel paese de’ Caldei, e trafitti nelle piazze di Babilonia.

5 Perciocchè Israele, e Giuda, non è lasciato vedovo dall’Iddio suo, dal Signor degli eserciti, dal Santo d’Israele; benchè il lor paese sia pieno di misfatti.

6 Fuggite di mezzo di Babilonia, e scampi ciascun di voi l’anima sua; non fate sì che periate nell’iniquità d’essa; perciocchè questo è il tempo della vendetta del Signore; egli le rende la sua retribuzione.

7 Babilonia è stata una coppa d’oro nella mano del Signore, che ha inebbriata tutta la terra; le genti hanno bevuto del suo vino; e però son divenute forsennate.

8 Babilonia è caduta di subito, ed è stata rotta in pezzi; urlate sopra lei, prendete del balsamo per la sua doglia, forse guarirà.

9 Noi abbiam medicata Babilonia, ma non è guarita; lasciatela, e andiamocene ciascuno al suo paese; perciocchè il suo giudicio è arrivato infino al cielo, e si è alzato infino alle nuvole.

10 Il Signore ha prodotte le nostre ragioni; venite, e raccontiamo in Sion l’opera del Signore Iddio nostro.

11 Forbite le saette, imbracciate le targhe; il Signore ha eccitato lo spirito dei re di Media; perciocchè il suo pensiero è contro a Babilonia, per distruggerla; conciossiachè questa sia la vendetta del Signore, la vendetta del suo Tempio.

12 Alzate pur la bandiera sopra le mura di Babilonia, rinforzate la guernigione, ponete le guardie, ordinate gli agguati; perciocchè il Signore ha presa una deliberazione, ed anche ha eseguito ciò ch’egli ha detto contro agli abitanti di Babilonia.

13 O tu, che abiti sopra grandi acque, abbondante in tesori, il tuo fine è venuto, il colmo della tua avarizia.

14 Il Signor degli eserciti ha giurato per sè stesso, dicendo: Se io non ti riempio d’uomini, come di bruchi; e se essi non dànno grida da inanimare contro a te.

15 Egli è quel che ha fatta la terra con la sua forza, che ha stabilito il mondo con la sua sapienza, ed ha distesi i cieli col suo intendimento.

16 Tosto ch’egli fuori la sua voce, vi è un romore d’acque nel cielo; egli fa salir vapori dalle estremità della terra, e fa lampi per la pioggia, e trae il vento fuor de’ suoi tesori.

17 Ogni uomo è insensato per scienza; ogni orafo è renduto infame per le sculture; perciocchè le sue statue di getto sono una falsità, e non vi è alcuno spirito in loro.

18 Son vanità, lavoro d’inganno; periranno nel tempo della lor visitazione.

19 Colui che è la parte di Giacobbe non è come queste cose; perciocchè egli è il formator d’ogni cosa, ed esso è la tribù della sua eredità; il Nome suo è: Il Signor degli eserciti.

20 Tu mi sei stato un martello, e strumenti di guerra; e con te ho fiaccate le nazioni, e con te ho distrutti i regni;

21 e con te ho fiaccati i cavalli, e quelli che li cavalcavano; e con te ho fiaccati i carri, e quelli ch’eran montati sopra.

22 E con te ho fiaccati gli uomini, e le donne; e con te ho fiaccati i vecchi, e i fanciulli; e con te ho fiaccati i giovani, e le vergini.

23 E con te ho fiaccati i pastori, e le lor mandre; e con te ho fiaccati i lavoratori, e i lor buoi accoppiati; e con te ho fiaccati i duci, ed i satrapi.

24 Ma io farò a Babilonia, ed a tutti gli abitatori di Caldea, la retribuzione di tutta la lor malvagità, che hanno usata inverso Sion, nel vostro cospetto, dice il Signore.

25 Eccomiti, o monte distruttore, dice il Signore, che distruggi tutta la terra; e stenderò la mia mano contro a te, e ti rotolerò giù dalle rocce, e ti ridurrò in un monte d’incendio.

26 E non si torrà da te nè pietra da cantone, nè pietra da fondamenti; perciocchè tu sarai desolazioni perpetue, dice il Signore.

27 Alzate la bandiera nella terra, sonate la tromba fra le genti, mettete in ordine le nazioni contro a lei, radunate a grida contro a lei i regni di Ararat, di Minni, e di Aschenaz; costituite contro a lei un capitano, fate salir cavalli, a guisa di bruchi pilosi.

28 Mettete in ordine le genti contro a lei, i re di Media, i suoi duci, e tutti i suoi principi, e tutto il paese del suo imperio.

29 E tremi la terra, e sia angosciata; perciocchè tutti i pensieri del Signore saranno messi ad effetto contro a Babilonia, per ridurre il paese di Babilonia in deserto, senza che niuno vi abiti più.

30 Gli uomini prodi di Babilonia si son rimasti di combattere, si son ritenuti nelle fortezze; la lor forza è venuta meno, sono stati come donne; le abitazioni di quella sono state arse, le sue sbarre sono state rotte.

31 Un corriere correrà incontro all’altro corriere, ed un messo incontro all’altro messo, per rapportare al re di Babilonia che la sua città è presa da un capo;

32 e che i guadi sono stati occupati, e che le giuncaie sono state arse col fuoco, e che gli uomini di guerra sono stati spaventati;

33 perciocchè il Signor degli eserciti, l’Iddio d’Israele, ha detto così: La figliuola di Babilonia è come un’aia; egli è tempo di trebbiarla; fra qui a poco le verrà il tempo della mietitura.

34 Nebucadnesar, re di Babilonia, mi ha divorata, mi ha tritata, mi ha ridotta ad esser come un vaso vuoto, mi ha inghiottita come un dragone, ha empiuto il suo ventre delle mie delizie, mi ha scacciata.

35 La violenza che mi e stata fatta, e la mia carne, è sopra Babilonia, dirà l’abitatrice di Sion; e il mio sangue è sopra gli abitatori di Caldea, dirà Gerusalemme.

36 Perciò, così ha detto il Signore: Ecco, io dibatterò la tua querela, e farò la tua vendetta; ed asciugherò il mar di quella, e disseccherò la sua fonte.

37 E Babilonia sarà ridotta in monti di ruine, in ricetto di sciacalli, in istupore, e in zufolo, senza che vi abiti più alcuno.

38 Essi ruggeranno tutti insieme come leoncelli, fremeranno come leoncini di leonesse.

39 Io farò che i lor conviti si riscalderanno nel modo usato, e li farò inebbriare, acciocchè facciano gran festa, e dormano un eterno sonno, senza risvegliarsi mai, dice il Signore.

40 Io li farò scendere al macello, come agnelli, come montoni, e becchi.

41 Come è stata presa Sesac, ed è stata occupata colei ch’era il vanto di tutta la terra? come è stata ridotta Babilonia in istupore fra le genti?

42 Il mare è salito sopra Babilonia, ella è stata coperta con la moltitudine delle sue onde.

43 Le sue città sono state ridotte in desolazione, in paese arido, e in deserto; in terra tale, che in quelle non abiterà giammai alcuno, e per quelle non passerà giammai alcun figliuolo d’uomo.

44 Ed io farò punizione di Bel in Babilonia, e gli trarrò dalla gola ciò ch’egli ha trangugiato; e le nazioni non accorreranno più a lui; le mura di Babilonia eziandio caderanno.

45 O popol mio, uscite di mezzo di quella, e scampi ciascun di voi la sua persona d’innanzi all’ardor dell’ira del Signore.

46 E guardatevi che talora il vostro cuore non si avvilisca, e che voi non siate spaventati per le novelle che si udiranno nel paese; quando novelle verranno un anno, e dopo quello altre novelle un altro anno; e vi sarà violenza nel paese, dominatore contro a dominatore.

47 Ecco dunque, i giorni vengono che io farò punizione delle sculture di Babilonia, e tutto il paese di essa sarà confuso, e tutti i suoi uccisi caderanno in mezzo di essa.

48 E i cieli, e la terra, e tutto ciò ch’è in essi, giubileranno di Babilonia; perciocchè di Settentrione le saranno venuti i distruttori, dice il Signore.

49 Siccome Babilonia è stata per far cadere gli uccisi d’Israele, così caderanno a Babilonia gli uccisi di tutta la terra.

50 O voi che siete scampati dalla spada, andate, non restate; ricordatevi da lungi del Signore, e Gerusalemme vi venga al cuore.

51 Noi siamo confusi, perciocchè abbiamo udito vituperio; ignominia ci ha coperta la faccia, perciocchè gli stranieri son venuti contro a’ luoghi santi della Casa del Signore.

52 Perciò, ecco i giorni vengono, dice il Signore, che io farò punizione delle sculture di quella, e per tutto il suo paese gemeranno uomini feriti a morte.

53 Avvegnachè Babilonia fosse salita in cielo, ed avesse fortificati i luoghi altissimi per sua fortezza, pur le verranno i distruttori da parte mia, dice il Signore.

54 S’intende una voce di strido da Babilonia, e una gran rotta dal paese de’ Caldei.

55 Perciocchè il Signore distrugge Babilonia, e fa perir d’essa il suo grande strepito; e le onde di coloro romoreggeranno, lo stormo delle lor grida risonerà a guisa di grandi acque.

56 Perciocchè sopra lei, sopra Babilonia, è venuto il distruttore, e gli uomini valorosi di essa sono stati presi, i loro archi sono stati spezzati; perciocchè il Signore è l’Iddio delle retribuzioni; egli non manca di rendere il giusto pagamento.

57 Ed io inebbrierò i principi di quella, e i suoi savi; i suoi duci, e i suoi satrapi, e i suoi uomini prodi, sì che dormiranno un sonno perpetuo, e non si risveglieranno giammai, dice il Re, il cui Nome è: Il Signor degli eserciti.

58 Così ha detto il Signor degli eserciti: Le larghe mura di Babilonia saranno spianate infino al suolo, e le sue alte porte saranno arse col fuoco; e i popoli avranno lavorato invano, e le nazioni a pro del fuoco, e si saranno stancati.

59 La parola della quale il profeta Geremia diede commessione a Seraia, figliuolo di Neria, figliuolo di Maaseia, quando egli andò da parte di Sedechia, re di Giuda, in Babilonia, l’anno quarto del regno di esso. Or Seraia era il gran cameriere.

60 Geremia adunque scrisse in un libro tutto il male, ch’era per avvenire a Babilonia; cioè, tutte queste parole scritte contro a Babilonia.

61 Poi Geremia disse a Seraia: Quando tu sarai arrivato in Babilonia, e l’avrai veduta, leggi tutte queste parole.

62 E di’: O Signore, tu hai parlato contro a questo luogo, che tu lo distruggeresti, sì che non vi dimorerebbe più nè uomo, nè bestia; anzi che sarebbe ridotto in desolazioni perpetue.

63 E quando tu avrai fornito di legger questo libro, lega una pietra sopra esso, e gettalo in mezzo dell’Eufrate, e di’:

64 Così sarà affondata Babilonia, e non risorgerà giammai, per lo male che io fo venir sopra lei; onde ogni forza mancherà loro. Fin qui sono le parole di Geremia.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Apocalypse Revealed # 485

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485. CHAPTER 11

1. Then I was given a reed like a measuring rod. And the angel stood by, saying, "Rise and measure the temple of God, the altar, and those who worship there.

2. But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for it has been given to the gentiles. And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months.

3. And I will give power to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy one thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in sackcloth."

4. These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands standing before the God of the earth.

5. And if anyone wants to harm them, fire will proceed from their mouth and devour their enemies. And if anyone wants to do them injury, he must be killed in this manner.

6. These have power to shut heaven, so that no rain falls in the days of their prophecy; and they have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to strike the earth with every plague, as often as they desire.

7. Then, when they finish their testimony, the beast that ascends out of the bottomless pit will make war against them, overcome them, and kill them.

8. And their bodies will lie in the street of the great city which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified.

9. Then those from the peoples, tribes, tongues, and nations will see their bodies for three and a half days, and not allow their bodies to be put into tombs.

10. And those who dwell on the earth will rejoice over them and be glad, and send gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth.

11. But after the three and a half days the breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell on those who saw them.

12. And they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, "Come up here." And they ascended to heaven in a cloud, and their enemies saw them.

13. In the same hour there was a great earthquake, and a tenth part of the city fell. And in the earthquake seven thousand people by name were killed, and the rest were afraid and gave glory to the God of heaven.

14. The second woe is past. Behold, the third woe is coming quickly.

15. Then the seventh angel sounded, and there were loud voices in heaven, saying, "The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!"

16. And the twenty-four elders who sat before God on their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God,

17. saying: "We give You thanks, O Lord God Almighty, who are and who were and who are to come, because You have taken Your great power and entered Your kingdom.

18. The nations were angry, and Your wrath has come, and the time to judge the dead, and to reward Your servants the prophets and saints, and those who fear Your name, small and great, and to destroy those who are destroying the earth."

19. Then the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the ark of His covenant was seen in His temple. And there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.

THE SPIRITUAL MEANING

The Contents of the Whole Chapter

The subject continues to be the state of the church among the Protestant Reformed and the character of those inwardly caught up in faith alone in opposition to the two essential elements of the New Church, namely, that the Lord alone is God of heaven and earth, whose humanity is Divine, and that people ought to live in accordance with the Ten Commandments. These two essential elements were proclaimed before them (verses 3-6). But they were utterly rejected (verses 7-10). The Lord revived them (verses 11, 12). Those people perished who rejected them (verse 13). From the New Heaven the state of the New Church was shown (verses 15-19).

The Contents of the Individual Verses:

Verse ContentsSpiritual Meaning
1. Then I was given a reed like a measuring rod.John was given the ability and power to learn and see the state of the church in heaven and in the world.
And the angel stood by, saying, "Rise and measure the temple of God, the altar, and those who worship there.The Lord's presence and His command to see and learn the state of the church in the New Heaven.
2. But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it,The state of the church on earth, as it is still, must be set aside and not learned.
for it has been given to the gentiles.Because, owing to evil practices, the state of that church has been lost and forsaken.
And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months.It has dispelled every truth of the Word to the point that none remains.
3. And I will give power to my two witnesses,Those people who confess and acknowledge from the heart that the Lord is God of heaven and earth, whose humanity is Divine, and who are conjoined with Him by a life in accordance with the Ten Commandments.
and they will prophesy one thousand two hundred and sixty days,These two - an acknowledgment of the Lord and a life in accordance with the Ten Commandments, which are the two essential elements of the New Church - must be taught until the end and a new beginning.
clothed in sackcloth."The grief experienced meanwhile over the truth's not being accepted.
4. These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands standing before the God of the earth.The love and intelligence, or charity and faith, that people have in them from the Lord.
5. And if anyone wants to harm them, fire will proceed from their mouth and devour their enemies.Anyone who wishes to destroy these two essential elements perishes from a hellish love.
And if anyone wants to do them injury, he must be killed in that way.Anyone who condemns the two essential elements is likewise condemned.
6. These have power to shut heaven, so that no rain falls in the days of their prophecy;People who turn away from these two essential elements cannot receive any truth from heaven.
and they have power over waters to turn them to blood,People who turn away from these two essential elements falsify the Word's truths.
and to strike the earth with every plague, as often as they desire.People who wish to destroy these two essential elements propel themselves into evils and falsities of every kind, as often as, and in the measure that, they do so.
7. Then, when they finish their testimony,After the Lord has taught these two essential elements of the New Church,
the beast that ascends out of the bottomless pit will make war against them, overcome them, and kill them.those people who are caught up in the interior tenets of the doctrine regarding faith alone will reject these two elements.
8. And their bodies will lie in the street of the great cityThese two elements have been utterly rejected.
which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt,The two hellish loves, namely, a love of ruling springing from a love of self, and a love of holding sway from a conceit in one's own intelligence, loves which are present in the church where there is not one God and where the Lord is not worshiped, and where people do not live in accordance with the Ten Commandments.
where also our Lord was crucified.A failure to acknowledge the Lord's Divine humanity, and thus a state in which He is rejected.
9. Then those from the peoples, tribes, tongues, and nations will see their bodies for three and a half days,All those who were or who would be caught up in doctrinal falsities and evil practices at the end of the church still existing, when they have heard and later hear about these two essential elements at the beginning of the New Church,
and not allow their bodies to be put into tombs.have condemned them and will continue to condemn them.
10. And those who dwell on the earth will rejoice over them and be glad,The delight of the heart and soul's affection among those people in the church caught up in faith alone.
and send gifts to one another,Their consociation by love and friendship.
because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth.These two essential elements of the New Church, opposed as they are to the two essential elements accepted in the Protestant Reformed Church, are objects of contempt, distress, and repugnance.
11. But after the three and a half days the breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet,As the New Church commences and grows, these two essential elements are made living by the Lord in people who accept them.
and great fear fell on those who saw them.A disturbance of the mind and alarm at Divine truths.
12. And they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, "Come up here."The two essential elements of the New Church raised by the Lord into heaven, where they originate and where they remain, and where they are protected.
And they ascended to heaven in a cloud,Their elevation into heaven and conjunction with the Lord there through the Divine truth of the Word in its literal sense.
and their enemies saw them.People caught up in a faith divorced from charity heard of these, but remained in their falsities.
13. In the same hour there was a great earthquake, and a tenth part of the city fell.A considerable change of state occurring then in those people, and their being plucked away from heaven and sinking into hell.
And in the earthquake seven thousand people by name were killed,All those people who professed faith alone and for that reason made works of charity of no account, perished.
and the rest were afraid and gave glory to the God of heaven.People who saw their destruction acknowledged the Lord and were set apart.
14. The second woe is past. Behold, the third woe is coming quickly.A lamentation over the corrupted state of the church, and lastly a final lamentation, as depicted after this.
15. Then the seventh angel sounded,An examination and exposure of the state of the church after its end, at the time of the Lord's advent and the advent of His kingdom.
and there were loud voices in heaven, saying, "The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!"Celebrations on the part of angels, that heaven and the church had become the Lord's, as they had been from the beginning, and that they had now become those of His Divine humanity, thus that the Lord would reign over heaven and earth as regards both aspects of Him to eternity.
16. And the twenty-four elders who sat before God on their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God,An acknowledgment on the part of all the angels in heaven that the Lord is God of heaven and earth, and their highest adoration of Him.
17. saying: "We give You thanks, O Lord God Almighty, who are and who were and who are to come,A confession and glorification on the part of the angels in heaven, that the Lord is He who exists, lives, and has power of Himself, and who governs all things, because He alone is eternal and infinite.
because You have taken Your great power and entered Your kingdom.The New Heaven and New Church, where people will acknowledge Him alone as God.
18. The nations were angry,People who were caught up in faith alone and thus in evil practices were enraged, and harassed those who opposed their faith.
and Your wrath has come, and the time to judge the dead,Their destruction, and the last judgment on those people who were without any spiritual life.
and to reward Your servants the prophets and saints,The happiness of eternal life for people who possess doctrinal truths from the Word and live in accordance with them.
and those who fear Your name, small and great,People who love things having to do with the Lord, in a lesser or greater degree.
and to destroy those who are destroying the earth."The casting down into hell of the people who destroyed the church.
19. Then the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the ark of His covenant was seen in His temple.The New Heaven, in which the Lord is worshiped in His Divine humanity, and where people live in accordance with the Ten Commandments, which constitute the two essential elements of the New Church that are the means of conjunction.
And there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.The reasonings, disturbances, and falsifications of goodness and truth then in the lower regions.

THE EXPOSITION

Then I was given a reed like a measuring rod. (11:1) This symbolically means that the Lord gave John the ability and power to learn and see the state of the church in heaven and in the world.

A reed symbolizes weak power, the kind a person has of himself, and a rod symbolizes strong power, the kind a person has from the Lord. Consequently John's being given a reed like a measuring rod symbolizes power from the Lord. That it was the ability and power to learn and see the state of the church in heaven and in the world is apparent from the events that follow in this chapter to the end.

[2] That a reed or length of cane symbolizes weak power such as a person has of himself is apparent from the following:

Look, you are relying on the staff of (a) broken reed, on Egypt, which, when a man leans on it, will go into his hand and pierce it. (Isaiah 36:6)

That... the inhabitants of Egypt may know that I am Jehovah, because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel. When they took hold of you with the hand, you broke and punctured all their shoulders... (Ezekiel 29:6-7)

Egypt symbolizes the natural person who relies on his own powers, and that is why it is called the staff of a broken reed.

A reed symbolizes weak power, in Isaiah:

A bruised reed He will not break, and smoking flax He will not extinguish. (Isaiah 42:3)

[3] A rod, on the other hand, symbolizes strong power, which comes from the Lord, here the power to learn the state of the church, because John used the rod to measure the temple and altar, and to measure means, symbolically, to learn, and the temple and altar symbolize the church, as depicted next.

A rod symbolizes power because in olden times people in the church made wooden rods, and wood symbolizes goodness. It also substituted for the right hand and supported it, and the right hand symbolizes power. It is owing to this that a scepter is a shortened rod, and a scepter symbolizes the power of a king. Moreover, "scepter" and "rod" in Hebrew are the same word. 1

[4] That a rod symbolizes power is apparent from the following passages:

Say, "How the strong staff is broken, the beautiful rod!" ...Come down from your glory, and sit in thirst. (Jeremiah 48:17-18)

Jehovah shall send the rod of Your strength out of Zion. (Psalms 110:2)

You punctured with his shafts the head of the faithless. (Habakkuk 3:14)

...Israel the rod of (Jehovah's) inheritance. (Jeremiah 10:16; 51:19)

Your rod and Your staff will comfort me. (Psalms 23:4)

Jehovah has broken the staff of the wicked... (Isaiah 14:5, cf. Isaiah 9:4, Psalms 125:3)

My people consult a piece of wood, and their staff answers them. (Hosea 4:12)

...Jehovah... takes away from Jerusalem... the whole staff of bread and the whole staff of water. (Isaiah 3:1, cf. Ezekiel 4:16; 5:16; 14:13, Psalms 105:16, Leviticus 26:26)

A staff of bread and of water symbolizes the power of goodness and truth, and Jerusalem symbolizes the church.

The rod of Levi with the name of Aaron on it, which in the Tabernacle blossomed with almonds (Numbers 17:2-10), symbolizes, in the spiritual sense, nothing else than the power of truth and goodness, because Levi and Aaron symbolized the truth and goodness of the church.

[5] That a rod symbolizes power is apparent from the power of Moses' rod: On being stretched out it turned water into blood (Exodus 7:20). It caused frogs to come up on the land of Egypt (Exodus 8:1ff.). It produced lice (Exodus 8:16f.). It summoned thunder and hail (Exodus 9:23ff.). It caused locusts to come (Exodus 10:12ff.). It caused the Red Sea to be parted and the waters to return (Exodus 14:16, 21, 26). It caused water to flow from the rock at Horeb (Exodus 17:5ff., Numbers 20:7-13). In Moses' hand it enabled Joshua to prevail over the Amalekites (Exodus 17:9-12).

And an angel's staff caused fire to come forth from a rock (Judges 6:21).

It is apparent from these instances that a rod or staff symbolizes power, and also elsewhere, as in Isaiah 10:5, 24, 26; 11:4; 14:29; 30:31-32, Ezekiel 19:10-14, Lamentations 3:1, Micah 7:14, Zechariah 10:11, Numbers 21:18.

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1. I.e., מַטֶּה.

  
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Many thanks to the General Church of the New Jerusalem, and to Rev. N.B. Rogers, translator, for the permission to use this translation.