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Δικαστές 11

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1 Και ο Ιεφθαε ο Γαλααδιτης ητο δυνατος εν ισχυι· και ητο υιος γυναικος πορνης, και εγεννησεν ο Γαλααδ τον Ιεφθαε.

2 Και εγεννησεν η γυνη του Γαλααδ εις αυτον υιους· και ηυξηθησαν οι υιοι της γυναικος και απεβαλον τον Ιεφθαε, λεγοντες προς αυτον, Δεν θελεις κληρονομησει εν τω οικω του πατρος ημων· διοτι εισαι υιος γυναικος ξενης.

3 Και εφυγεν ο Ιεφθαε απο προσωπου των αδελφων αυτου και κατωκησεν εν τη γη Τωβ· και συνηχθησαν εις τον Ιεφθαε ανθρωποι ποταποι και εξηρχοντο μετ' αυτου.

4 Και μετα καιρον οι υιοι Αμμων επολεμησαν εναντιον του Ισραηλ.

5 Και οτε επολεμησαν οι υιοι Αμμων εναντιον του Ισραηλ, οι πρεσβυτεροι της Γαλααδ υπηγαν να παραλαβωσι τον Ιεφθαε εκ της γης Τωβ.

6 Και ειπον προς τον Ιεφθαε, Ελθε και γινου αρχηγος ημων, δια να πολεμησωμεν τους υιους Αμμων.

7 Και ειπεν ο Ιεφθαε προς τους πρεσβυτερους της Γαλααδ, Σεις δεν με εμισησατε και με απεβαλετε εκ του οικου του πατρος μου; δια τι λοιπον ηλθετε τωρα προς εμε, οτε ευρισκεσθε εις αμηχανιαν;

8 Και ειπαν οι πρεσβυτεροι της Γαλααδ προς τον Ιεφθαε, Δια τουτο επεστρεψαμεν τωρα προς σε· δια να ελθης μεθ' ημων και να πολεμησης τους υιους Αμμων και να ησαι αρχων εφ' ημων, επι παντων των κατοικων της Γαλααδ.

9 Και ειπεν ο Ιεφθαε προς τους πρεσβυτερους της Γαλααδ, Εαν σεις με επαναφερητε δια να πολεμησω τους υιους Αμμων, και ο Κυριος παραδωση αυτους εις εμε, εγω θελω εισθαι αρχων εφ' υμων;

10 Και ειπαν οι πρεσβυτεροι της Γαλααδ προς τον Ιεφθαε, Ο Κυριος ας ηναι μαρτυς μεταξυ ημων, εαν δεν καμωμεν κατα τον λογον σου.

11 Τοτε υπηγεν ο Ιεφθαε μετα των πρεσβυτερων της Γαλααδ, και κατεστησεν αυτον ο λαος εφ' εαυτου κεφαλην και αρχοντα· και ελαλησεν ο Ιεφθαε παντας τους λογους αυτου ενωπιον του Κυριου εν Μισπα.

12 Και απεστειλεν ο Ιεφθαε πρεσβεις προς τον βασιλεα των υιων Αμμων, λεγων, Τι εχεις να καμης μετ' εμου και ηλθες εναντιον μου να πολεμησης εν τη γη μου;

13 Και απεκριθη ο βασιλευς των υιων Αμμων προς τους πρεσβεις του Ιεφθαε, Διοτι ο Ισραηλ ελαβε την γην μου, οτε ανεβαινεν εξ Αιγυπτου, απο Αρνων εως Ιαβοκ και εως του Ιορδανου· τωρα λοιπον επιστρεψον αυτα εν ειρηνη.

14 Και απεστειλε παλιν ο Ιεφθαε πρεσβεις προς τον βασιλεα των υιων Αμμων·

15 και ειπε προς αυτον, Ουτω λεγει ο Ιεφθαε· Ο Ισραηλ δεν ελαβε την γην του Μωαβ ουδε την γην των υιων Αμμων·

16 αλλ' αφου ανεβη ο Ισραηλ εξ Αιγυπτου και επορευθη δια της ερημου εις την Ερυθραν θαλασσαν και ηλθεν εις Καδης,

17 τοτε ο Ισραηλ απεστειλε πρεσβεις προς τον βασιλεα του Εδωμ, λεγων, Ας περασω, παρακαλω, δια της γης σου· πλην ο βασιλευς του Εδωμ δεν εισηκουσεν. Ετι δε και προς τον βασιλεα του Μωαβ απεστειλε· πλην και αυτος δεν συγκατενευσε· και εκαθισεν ο Ισραηλ εν Καδης.

18 Τοτε υπηγε δια της ερημου και περιηλθε την γην του Εδωμ και την γην του Μωαβ και ηλθεν απο ανατολων της γης του Μωαβ και εστρατοπεδευσε περαν του Αρνων, και δεν εισηλθεν εις τα ορια του Μωαβ· διοτι ο Αρνων ητο οριον του Μωαβ.

19 Και απεστειλεν ο Ισραηλ πρεσβεις προς τον Σηων βασιλεα των Αμορραιων, βασιλεα της Εσεβων· και ειπε προς αυτον ο Ισραηλ, Ας περασωμεν, παρακαλουμεν, δια της γης σου εως του τοπου μου.

20 Αλλ' ο Σηων δεν ενεπιστευθη εις τον Ισραηλ να περαση δια του οριου αυτου· οθεν εσυναξεν ο Σηων παντα τον λαον αυτου, και εστρατοπεδευσεν εν Ιαασα και επολεμησε τον Ισραηλ.

21 Και παρεδωκε Κυριος ο Θεος του Ισραηλ τον Σηων και παντα τον λαον αυτου εις την χειρα του Ισραηλ, και επαταξεν αυτους· και ο Ισραηλ εκληρονομησε πασαν την γην των Αμορραιων, των κατοικων της γης εκεινης.

22 Και εκληρονομησαν παντα τα ορια των Αμορραιων, απο Αρνων εως Ιαβοκ και απο της ερημου εως του Ιορδανου.

23 Και τωρα, αφου Κυριος ο Θεος του Ισραηλ εξεδιωξε τους Αμορραιους απ' εμπροσθεν του λαου αυτου Ισραηλ, συ θελεις κληρονομησει αυτους;

24 συ δεν κληρονομεις ο, τι εκληροδοτησεν εις σε Χεμως ο Θεος σου; και ημεις, παντα οσα εκληροδοτησεν εις ημας Κυριος ο Θεος ημων, ταυτα θελομεν κληρονομησει.

25 Και τωρα μηπως συ εισαι τι καλητερος του Βαλακ υιου του Σεπφωρ βασιλεως του Μωαβ; διεφιλονεικησεν εκεινος διολου προς τον Ισραηλ η επολεμησε ποτε εναντιον αυτου,

26 αφου ο Ισραηλ κατωκησεν εις Εσεβων και εις τας κωμας αυτης, και εις Αροηρ και εις τας κωμας αυτης, και εις πασας τας πολεις τας πλησιον του Αρνων, τριακοσια ετη; δια τι λοιπον εν τω διαστηματι τουτω δεν ηλευθερωσατε αυτα;

27 Εγω λοιπον δεν επταισα εις σε· αλλα συ πραττεις αδικα εις εμε, πολεμων εναντιον μου. Ο Κυριος ο Κριτης ας κρινη σημερον αναμεσον των υιων Ισραηλ και των υιων Αμμων.

28 Αλλα δεν εισηκουσεν ο βασιλευς των υιων Αμμων εις τους λογους του Ιεφθαε, τους οποιους εστειλε προς αυτον.

29 Τοτε επηλθεν επι τον Ιεφθαε πνευμα Κυριου, και αυτος επερασε δια της Γαλααδ και του Μανασση, και επερασε δια της Μισπα της Γαλααδ, και απο Μισπα της Γαλααδ επερασεν επι τους υιους Αμμων.

30 Και ευχηθη ο Ιεφθαε ευχην προς τον Κυριον, και ειπεν, Εαν τωοντι παραδωσης τους υιους Αμμων εις την χειρα μου,

31 τοτε ο, τι εξελθη εκ των θυρων του οικου μου εις συναντησιν μου, οταν επιστρεφω εν ειρηνη απο των υιων Αμμων, θελει εισθαι του Κυριου, και θελω προσφερει αυτο εις ολοκαυτωμα.

32 Τοτε διεβη ο Ιεφθαε προς τους υιους Αμμων δια να πολεμηση αυτους· και παρεδωκεν αυτους ο Κυριος εις την χειρα αυτου.

33 Και επαταξεν αυτους, απο Αροηρ εως της εισοδου Μινιθ, εικοσι πολεις, και εως της πεδιαδος των αμπελωνων, εν σφαγη μεγαλη σφοδρα. Και εταπεινωθησαν οι υιοι Αμμων εμπροσθεν των υιων Ισραηλ.

34 Και ηλθεν ο Ιεφθαε εις Μισπα προς τον οικον αυτου· και ιδου, η θυγατηρ αυτου εξηρχετο εις συναντησιν αυτου μετα τυμπανων και χορων· και αυτη ητο μονογενης· εκτος αυτης δεν ειχεν ουτε υιον ουτε θυγατερα.

35 Και ως ειδεν αυτην, διεσχισε τα ιματια αυτου και ειπεν, Οιμοι θυγατηρ μου· ολως κατελυπησας με, και συ εισαι εκ των καταθλιβοντων με· διοτι εγω ηνοιξα το στομα μου προς τον Κυριον, και δεν δυναμαι να λαβω οπισω τον λογον μου.

36 Εκεινη δε ειπε προς αυτον, Πατερ μου, εαν ηνοιξας το στομα σου προς τον Κυριον, καμε εις εμε κατ' εκεινο το οποιον εξηλθεν εκ του στοματος σου· αφου ο Κυριος εκαμεν εκδικησιν εις σε απο των εχθρων σου, απο των υιων Αμμων.

37 Και ειπε προς τον πατερα αυτης, Ας γεινη εις εμε το πραγμα τουτο· αφες με δυο μηνας, δια να υπαγω να περιελθω τα ορη και να κλαυσω την παρθενιαν μου, εγω και αι συντροφοι μου.

38 Ο δε ειπεν, Υπαγε· και απεστειλεν αυτην δια δυο μηνας, και υπηγεν αυτη μετα των συντροφων αυτης και εκλαυσε την παρθενιαν αυτης επι τα ορη.

39 Και εις το τελος των δυο μηνων επεστρεψε προς τον πατερα αυτης· και εκαμεν εις αυτην κατα την ευχην αυτου την οποιαν ευχηθη· και αυτη δεν εγνωρισεν ανδρα. Και εγεινεν εθος εις τον Ισραηλ,

40 να υπαγωσιν αι θυγατερες του Ισραηλ απο χρονου εις χρονον, να θρηνωσι την θυγατερα του Ιεφθαε του Γαλααδιτου, τεσσαρας ημερας κατ' ετος.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 11

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 11: Jephthah’s victory.

This chapter and most of the next are about the judge Jephthah. He was Gilead’s son by a prostitute, so Gilead’s other sons despised him, and drove him out from his homeland. He fled to the land of Tob, where he lived amongst reckless men. When the Ammonites made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to the land of Tob to ask if Jephthah would lead their army. At first, Jephthah challenged them, and asked why they would come to him for help after expelling him from their county. However, the elders swore by the Lord that they would accept him as their leader, so he agreed to go with them.

Then Jephthah sent messengers to the king of Ammon, to ask why his people were attacking Gilead. The king said that Israel had taken away their land, but Jephthah recounted to them the history of Israel’s time in the wilderness, specifically pointing out that they not made war with the nations of Canaan. The only exception was the Amorite king Sihon’s attack on Israel, in which the Israelites defended themselves and defeated the Amorites. So, Jephthah explained that Israel had not taken land from the Ammonites. But the people of Ammon did not listen, and prepared for war.

While preparing his army against the people of Ammon, Jephthah made a vow to the Lord: if He would grant Gilead victory, Jephthah would make a burnt offering of the first thing which came out from his house upon his return home. Battle ensued, and the army of Jephthah utterly defeated Ammon.

When Jephthah returned home, his daughter – his only child – came out of the house to greet him with music and dancing. He tore his clothes in despair, and told her about his vow to the Lord. His daughter told him to keep his word, and asked to be left alone for two months to lament her virginity. Then, when the time came, Jephthah carried out his vow to the Lord.

*****

Jephthah’s dealings with both the Ammonites and his own family show that serving the Lord leads us to seek peace, not conflict or war. His account of the Israelites’ struggles showed that his people had only defended themselves against other nations, but had not fanned the flames of war. We are to do the work of making peace in our lives, while upholding and defending what is true (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 1683).

The people of Ammon stand for knowing what is true, but then corrupting that truth to live a life based in falsities. For example, if we know the Lord regenerates us, and then tell ourselves that we no longer hold any responsibility for our eternal state, we have falsified the truth. This view completely distorts the truth: the Lord regenerates us as we work to live righteously (see Swedenborg’s work, Sacred Scripture 18[3]).

The spiritual meaning of a ‘daughter’ is an affection for spiritual truths and the life they offer. Affection is the offspring of feeling delight in truths; as we develop these affections, we learn to recognize that they come from the Lord, for he is the source of all good things (Arcana Caelestia 3336[2]).

Jephthah’s daughter was his deepest love, his greatest affection. She was a virgin, representing the spiritual qualities of purity and innocence. Her request for two months of solitude can be understood as our need to reflect during any giving to the Lord, to be sure that our intentions are pure, without any selfish expectations (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Providence 121).

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Judges 11

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1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

2 And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman.

3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him.

4 And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel.

5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob:

6 And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon.

7 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress?

8 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

9 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver them before me, shall I be your head?

10 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy words.

11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the LORD in Mizpeh.

12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land?

13 And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably.

14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon:

15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon:

16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh;

17 Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh.

18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place.

20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

21 And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan.

23 So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it?

24 Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our god shall drive out from before us, them will we possess.

25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them,

26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time?

27 Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be Judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon.

28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him.

29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon.

30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands,

31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.

32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands.

33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back.

36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.

37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows.

38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel,

40 That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.