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5 Mose 19

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1 Wenn der HERR, dein Gott, die Völker ausgerottet hat, welcher Land dir der HERR, dein Gott, geben wird, daß du es einnehmest und in ihren Städten und Häusern wohnst,

2 sollst du dir drei Städte aussondern in dem Lande, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, geben wird einzunehmen.

3 Und sollst den Weg dahin zurichten und das Gebiet deines Landes, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, austeilen wird, in drei Kreise scheiden, daß dahin fliehe, wer einen Totschlag getan hat.

4 Und also soll's sein mit der Sache des Totschlägers, der dahin flieht, daß er lebendig bleibe: wenn jemand seinen Nächsten schlägt, nicht vorsätzlich, und hat zuvor keinen Haß auf ihn gehabt,

5 sondern als wenn jemand mit seinem Nächsten in den Wald ginge, Holz zu hauen, und seine Hand holte mit der Axt aus, das Holz abzuhauen, und das Eisen führe vom Stiel und träfe seinen Nächsten, daß er stürbe: der soll in dieser Städte eine fliehen, daß er lebendig bleibe,

6 auf daß nicht der Bluträcher dem Totschläger nachjage, weil sein Herz erhitzt ist, und ergreife ihn, weil der Weg so ferne ist, und schlage ihn tot, so er doch nicht des Todes schuldig ist, weil er keinen Haß gegen ihn getragen hat.

7 Darum gebiete ich dir, daß du drei Städte aussonderst.

8 Und so der HERR, dein Gott, deine Grenzen erweitern wird, wie er deinen Vätern geschworen hat, und gibt dir alles Land, das er geredet hat deinen Vätern zu geben

9 (so du anders alle diese Gebote halten wirst, daß du darnach tust, die ich dir heute gebiete, daß du den HERRN, deinen Gott, liebst und in seinen Wegen wandelst dein Leben lang), so sollst du noch drei Städte tun zu diesen dreien,

10 auf daß nicht unschuldig Blut in deinem Land vergossen werde, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, zum Erbe gibt, und Blutschulden auf dich kommen.

11 Wenn aber jemand Haß trägt wider seinen Nächsten und lauert auf ihn und macht sich über ihn und schlägt ihn tot und flieht in dieser Städte eine,

12 so sollen die Ältesten in seiner Stadt hinschicken und ihn von da holen lassen und ihn in die Hände des Bluträchers geben, daß er sterbe.

13 Deine Augen sollen ihn nicht verschonen, und du sollst das unschuldige Blut aus Israel tun, daß dir's wohl gehe.

14 Du sollst deines Nächsten Grenze nicht zurücktreiben, die die Vorfahren gesetzt haben in deinem Erbteil, das du erbest in dem Lande, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, gegeben hat einzunehmen.

15 Es soll kein einzelner Zeuge wider jemand auftreten über irgend eine Missetat oder Sünde, es sei welcherlei Sünde es sei, die man tun kann, sondern in dem Mund zweier oder dreier Zeugen soll die Sache bestehen.

16 Wenn ein frevler Zeuge wider jemand auftritt, über ihn zu bezeugen eine Übertretung,

17 so sollen die beiden Männer, die eine Sache miteinander haben, vor dem HERRN, vor den Priestern und Richtern stehen, die zur selben Zeit sein werden;

18 und die Richter sollen wohl forschen. Und wenn der falsche Zeuge hat ein falsches Zeugnis wider seinen Bruder gegeben,

19 so sollt ihr ihm tun, wie er gedachte seinem Bruder zu tun, daß du das Böse von dir wegtust,

20 auf daß es die andern hören, sich fürchten und nicht mehr solche böse Stücke vornehmen zu tun unter dir.

21 Dein Auge soll sie nicht schonen; Seele um Seele, Auge um Auge, Zahn um Zahn, Hand um Hand, Fuß um Fuß.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9262

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9262. And the innocent and the righteous slay thou not. That this signifies an aversion for destroying interior and exterior good, is evident from the signification of “the innocent,” as being one who is in interior good, thus in the abstract sense, interior good (of which below); from the signification of “the righteous,” as being one in exterior good, and in the abstract sense, exterior good, for “righteous” is predicated of the good of love toward the neighbor, and “innocent” of the good of love to the Lord. The good of love toward the neighbor is exterior good, and the good of love to the Lord is interior good. And from the signification of “slaying,” as being to destroy. That “righteous” denotes the good of love toward the neighbor, will also be seen below. But that “innocent” denotes the good of love to the Lord, is because those are in innocence who love the Lord. For innocence is to acknowledge in the heart that of ourselves we desire nothing but evil, and perceive nothing but falsity, and also that all the good which is of love, and all the truth which is of faith, are from the Lord alone. None can at heart acknowledge these things except those who are conjoined with the Lord by love. Such are they who are in the inmost heaven, which from this is called the “heaven of innocence.” Wherefore the good they have is interior good; for it is the Divine good of love that proceeds from the Lord which is received by those who are in the heaven of innocence. Hence also they appear naked, and likewise as little children, from which it is that innocence is represented by nakedness, and also by infancy. (That it is represented by nakedness, see n. 165, 213, 214, 8375; and by infancy, n. 430, 1616, 2280, 2305, 2306, 3183, 3494, 4563, 4797, 5608.)

[2] From what has just been said about innocence it can be seen that the Lord’s Divine cannot be received except in innocence, from which it follows that good is not good, unless innocence is within it (n. 2526, 2780, 3994, 6765, 7840, 7887), that is, the acknowledgment that from one’s own proceeds nothing but what is evil and false, and that from the Lord is everything that is good and true. To believe the former, and to believe and also to will the latter, is innocence. Therefore the good of innocence is good Divine itself from the Lord with man. Consequently “the innocent” signifies one who is in interior good, and in the abstract sense, interior good.

[3] As Divine good which is from the Lord is signified by “the innocent,” or by “innocence,” it was a most heinous crime to shed innocent blood; and when it was committed, the whole land was under condemnation until it was expiated, as can be seen from the procedure of inquiry and purgation that took place if anyone was found stabbed in the land; of which it is thus written in Moses:

When one who has been stabbed is found in the land, lying in the field, and it is not known who hath smitten him; then the elders of the city shall come forth unto the cities which are round about him that is stabbed; and it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto him that is stabbed, the elders of that city shall take a female calf of an ox by which labor hath not been done, and which hath not drawn in the yoke; and the elders of that city shall bring down the calf unto a barren valley, which is neither cultivated nor sown, and shall cut off the calf’s neck there in the valley; and the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come near; and all the elders of that city, standing near him that is stabbed, shall wash their hands over the calf whose neck was cut off in the valley; and they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, and our eyes have not seen it; expiate Thy people Israel whom Thou hast redeemed, O Jehovah, and put not innocent blood in the midst of Thy people Israel. So shall the blood be expiated for them. And thou shalt put away the innocent blood from the midst of thee, if thou shalt do that which is right in the eyes of Jehovah (Deuteronomy 21:1-9);

everyone can see that this procedure of inquiry and of purgation in respect to innocent blood shed in the land, involves arcana of heaven, which cannot possibly be known unless it is known what is signified by “one stabbed in the field,” by “a female calf of an ox by which labor hath not been done and which hath not drawn in the yoke,” by “a barren valley which is neither cultivated nor sown,” by “cutting off the calf’s neck there in the valley,” by “washing the hands over the calf,” and by all the other particulars. That these things should have been commanded unless they signified secret things, would by no means be consistent with a Word that has been dictated by the Divine, and inspired in respect to every word and jot; for without some deeper meaning such a procedure would have been a ceremonial of no sanctity, and scarcely of any account.

[4] Nevertheless it is evident from the internal sense what arcana are hidden within it. Thus if it is known that by “one stabbed in the land lying in the field” is signified truth and good extinguished in a church where there is good, that by “the city which is nearest unto him that is stabbed” is signified the truth of doctrine of the church whose good has been extinguished; that by “a female calf of an ox by which work hath not been done and which hath not drawn in the yoke” is signified the good of the external or natural man, that has not as yet, through subjection to cupidities, drawn to itself any falsities of faith and evils of love; that by “a barren valley which is neither cultivated nor sown” is signified the natural mind which through ignorance is not improved with the truths and goods of faith; that by “cutting off the calf’s neck there in the valley” is signified expiation on account of the absence of guilt, because it was the result of ignorance; and that by “washing the hands” is signified purification from this heinous crime; then from the knowledge of all these things it is evident that by the “shedding of innocent blood” is signified the extinction with the man of the church of the Divine truth and good which are from the Lord, and thus of the Lord Himself.

[5] Be it known that by this whole procedure there was represented in heaven a crime of this nature done without guilt, because done from ignorance in which there is innocence, consequently as not evil. Every detail of this procedure, even the smallest, represented some essential thing in this matter; and what it represented is evident from the internal sense. (That “one who has been stabbed” denotes truth and good extinguished, see n. 4503; that “the land” denotes the church, n. 662, 1066, 1067, 1262, 1413, 1607, 1733, 1850, 2117, 2118, 2928, 3355, 4447, 4535, 5577, 8011, 8732; that “a field” denotes the church as to good, thus the good of the church, n. 2971, 3310, 3766, 4982, 7502, 7571, 9139; that “a city” denotes the doctrine of truth, thus the truth of the doctrine of the church, n. 402, 2268, 2449, 2712, 2943, 3216, 4492, 4493; that “an ox” denotes the good of the external or natural man, n. 2180, 2566, 2781, 9134; consequently that “a calf” denotes infantile good, n. 1824, 1825.)

[6] That it “hath not done labor, and hath not drawn in the yoke” denotes that this good has not yet, through ignorance, been enslaved to falsities and evils, is evident, for “laboring and drawing in a yoke” denotes to serve. That “a valley” denotes the lower mind, which is called the natural mind, see n. 3417, 4715; that “barren” denotes a mind devoid of truths and goods, n. 3908; thus that “a valley which is neither cultivated nor sown” denotes the natural mind not as yet improved with truths and goods, thus which is as yet in ignorance; that the “seed” with which it is sown denotes the truth of faith, n. 1025, 1447, 1610, 1940, 2848, 3038, 3373, 3671, 6158. That “cutting off the neck” denotes expiation, is because by the slaying of various beasts, as well as by sacrifices, were signified expiations. That “washing the hand” denotes purification from falsities and evils, see n. 3147; here therefore it denotes purification from that heinous crime; for “to shed blood” signifies in general to do violence to good and truth (n. 9127); thus to “shed innocent blood” signifies to extinguish in a man what is Divine from the Lord, thus the Lord Himself in him; for the truth and good in a man are the Lord Himself, because they are from Him.

[7] The like is signified by “the shedding of innocent blood” in Deuteronomy 19:10; 27:25; Isaiah 59:3, 7; Jeremiah 2:34; 7:6; 19:4; 22:3, 17; Joel 3:19; Psalms 94:21. In the proximate sense “the innocent” signifies one who is without guilt and without evil, which in olden times was attested by the washing of the hands (Psalms 26:6; 73:13; Matthew 27:24; John 18:38; 19:4). The reason of this was that the good which is from the Lord with man is devoid of guilt and of evil. This good, as has been shown, is in the internal sense the good of innocence. But the good in the external man, that is, exterior good which is devoid of guilt and of evil, is called “the righteous,” as also in David:

The throne of perditions shall not have fellowship with Thee; who gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and condemn the innocent blood (Psalms 94:20-21).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.