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5 Mose 1

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1 Das sind die Worte die Mose redete zum ganzen Israel jenseit des Jordans in der Wüste, auf dem Gefilde gegen das Schilfmeer, zwischen Pharan und Tophel, Laban Hazeroth und Disahab.

2 Elf Tagereisen von Horeb, durch den Weg des Gebirges Seir, bis gen Kades-Barnea.

3 Und es geschah im vierzigsten Jahr, am ersten Tage des elften Monats, da redete Mose mit den Kindern Israel alles, wie ihm der HERR an sie geboten hatte,

4 nachdem er Sihon, den König der Amoriter, geschlagen hatte, der zu Hesbon wohnte, dazu Og, den König von Basan, der zu Astharoth und zu Edrei wohnte.

5 Jenseit des Jordans, im Lande der Moabiter, fing an Mose auszulegen dies Gesetz und sprach:

6 Der HERR, unser Gott, redete mit uns am Berge Horeb und sprach: Ihr seid lang genug an diesem Berge gewesen;

7 wendet euch und ziehet hin, daß ihr zu dem Gebirge der Amoriter kommt und zu allen ihren Nachbarn im Gefilde, auf Bergen und in Gründen, gegen Mittag und gegen die Anfurt des Meers, ins Land Kanaan und zum Berge Libanon, bis an das große Wasser Euphrat.

8 Siehe da, ich habe euch das Land, das vor euch liegt, gegeben; gehet hinein und nehmet es ein, das der HERR euren Vätern Abraham, Isaak und Jakob geschworen hat, daß er's ihnen und ihrem Samen nach ihnen geben wollte.

9 Da sprach ich zu derselben Zeit zu euch: Ich kann nicht allein ertragen;

10 denn der HERR, euer Gott, hat euch gemehrt, daß ihr heutigestages seid wie die Menge der Sterne am Himmel.

11 Der HERR, euer Väter Gott, mache euer noch viel tausend mehr und segne euch, wie er euch verheißen hat!

12 Wie kann ich allein solche Mühe und Last und Hader von euch ertragen?

13 Schafft her weise, verständige und erfahrene Leute unter euren Stämmen, die will ich über euch zu Häuptern setzen.

14 Da antwortetet ihr mir und spracht: Das ist ein gut Ding, davon du sagst, daß du tun willst.

15 Da nahm ich die Häupter eurer Stämme, weise und erfahrene Männer, und setzte sie über euch zu Häuptern über tausend, über hundert, über fünfzig und über zehn, und zu Amtleuten unter euren Stämmen,

16 und gebot euren Richtern zur selben Zeit und sprach: Verhört eure Brüder und richtet recht zwischen jedermann und seinem Bruder und dem Fremdlinge.

17 Keine Person sollt ihr im Gericht ansehen, sondern sollt den Kleinen hören wie den Großen, und vor niemandes Person euch scheuen; denn das Gerichtamt ist Gottes. Wird aber euch eine Sache zu hart sein, die lasset an mich gelangen, daß ich sie höre.

18 Also gebot ich euch zu der Zeit alles, was ihr tun sollt.

19 Da zogen wir aus von Horeb und wandelten durch die ganze Wüste, die groß und grausam ist, wie ihr gesehen habt, auf der Straße zum Gebirge der Amoriter, wie uns der HERR, unser Gott, geboten hatte, und kamen bis gen Kades-Barnea.

20 Da sprach ich zu euch: Ihr seid an das Gebirge der Amoriter gekommen, das uns der HERR, unser Gott, geben wird.

21 Siehe da das Land vor dir, das der HERR, dein Gott, dir gegeben hat; zieh hinauf und nimm's ein, wie der HERR, deiner Väter Gott, dir verheißen hat. Fürchte dich nicht und laß dir nicht grauen.

22 Da kamt ihr alle zu mir und spracht: Laßt uns Männer vor uns hin senden, die uns das Land erkunden und uns wieder sagen, durch welchen Weg wir hineinziehen sollen und die Städte, da wir hineinkommen sollen.

23 Das gefiel mir wohl, und ich nahm aus euch zwölf Männer, von jeglichem Stamm einen.

24 Da diese weggingen und hinaufzogen auf das Gebirge und an den Bach Eskol kamen, da besahen sie es

25 und nahmen Früchte des Landes mit sich und brachten sie herab zu uns und sagten uns wieder und sprachen: Das Land ist gut, das der HERR, unser Gott, uns gegeben hat.

26 Aber ihr wolltet nicht hinaufziehen und wurdet ungehorsam dem Munde des HERRN, eures Gottes,

27 und murrtet in euren Hütten und spracht: Der HERR ist uns gram; darum hat er uns aus Ägyptenland geführt, daß er uns in der Amoriter Hände gebe, uns zu vertilgen.

28 Wo sollen wir hinauf? Unsre Brüder haben unser Herz verzagt gemacht und gesagt, das Volk sei größer und höher denn wir; die Städte seien groß und bis an den Himmel vermauert; dazu haben wir Enakiter daselbst gesehen.

29 Ich sprach aber zu euch: Entsetzet euch nicht und fürchtet euch nicht vor ihnen.

30 Der HERR, euer Gott, zieht vor euch hin und wird für euch streiten, wie er mit euch getan hat in Ägypten vor euren Augen

31 und in der Wüste, da du gesehen hast, wie dich der HERR, dein Gott, getragen hat, wie ein Mann seinen Sohn trägt, durch allen Weg, daher ihr gewandelt seid, bis ihr an diesen Ort kamt.

32 Aber das gilt nichts bei euch, daß ihr an den HERRN, euren Gott, hättet geglaubt,

33 der vor euch her ging, euch die Stätte zu weisen, wo ihr euch lagern solltet, des Nachts im Feuer, daß er euch den Weg zeigte, darin ihr gehen solltet, und des Tages in der Wolke.

34 Als aber der HERR euer Geschrei hörte, ward er zornig und schwur und sprach:

35 Es soll keiner dieses bösen Geschlechts das gute Land sehen, das ich ihren Vätern zu geben geschworen habe;

36 außer Kaleb, dem Sohn Jephunnes, der soll es sehen, und ihm will ich geben das Land, darauf er getreten ist, und seinen Kindern, darum daß er treulich dem HERRN gefolgt ist.

37 Auch ward der HERR über mich zornig um euretwillen und sprach: Du sollst auch nicht hineinkommen.

38 Aber Josua, der Sohn Nuns, der dein Diener ist, der soll hineinkommen. Denselben stärke; denn er soll Israel das Erbe austeilen.

39 Und eure Kinder, davon ihr sagtet, sie würden ein Raub werden, und eure Söhne, die heutigestages weder Gutes noch Böses verstehen, die sollen hineinkommen; denselben will ich's geben, und sie sollen's einnehmen.

40 Ihr aber wendet euch und ziehet nach der Wüste den Weg zum Schilfmeer.

41 Da antwortetet ihr und spracht zu mir: Wir haben an dem HERRN gesündigt; wir wollen hinauf und streiten, wie uns der HERR, unser Gott, geboten hat. Da ihr euch nun rüstetet, ein jeglicher mit seinen Waffen, und wart an dem, daß ihr hinaufzöget aufs Gebirge,

42 sprach der HERR zu mir: Sage ihnen, daß sie nicht hinaufziehen, auch nicht streiten, denn ich bin nicht unter euch, auf daß ihr nicht geschlagen werdet von euren Feinden.

43 Da ich euch das sagte, gehorchtet ihr nicht und wurdet ungehorsam dem Munde des HERRN und wart vermessen und zoget hinauf aufs Gebirge.

44 Da zogen die Amoriter aus, die auf dem Gebirge wohnten, euch entgegen, und jagten euch, wie die Bienen tun, und schlugen euch zu Seir bis gen Horma.

45 Da ihr nun wiederkamt und weintet vor dem HERRN, wollte der HERR eure Stimme nicht hören und neigte seine Ohren nicht zu euch.

46 Also bliebet ihr in Kades eine lange Zeit.

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Apocalypse Explained # 608

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608. Verse 6 (Revelation 10:6). And he sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages, signifies the verity from His own Divine. This is evident from the signification of "to swear," as being a strong assertion and confirmation, and in reference to the Lord the verity (of which presently); also from the signification of "Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages," as being the Divine from eternity, which alone lives, and which is the source of life to all in the universe, both angels and men. (That this is signified by "Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages" may be seen above, n. 289, 291, 349.) That "to swear" signifies asseveration and confirmation, but here verity (since it is the Lord that is meant by the angel that swears), can be seen from this, that "to swear" means to asseverate and confirm that a thing is so, and when done by the Lord means Divine verity; for oaths are made only by those who are not interiorly in truth itself, that is, by those who are not interior but only exterior men; consequently they are never made by angels, still less by the Lord; but He is said in the Word to swear, and the Israelites were allowed to swear by God, because they were only exterior men, and because the asseveration and confirmation of the internal man, when it comes into the external, falls into the form of an oath. In the Israelitish Church all things were external, representing and signifying things internal. The Word in the sense of the letter is similar. From this it can be seen that "the angel sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages" cannot mean that he thus sware, but that he said in himself that this is verity, and that when this came down into the natural sphere it was changed, according to correspondences, into the form of an oath.

[2] Now as "to swear" is only an external corresponding to the confirmation that belongs to the mind of the internal man, and is therefore significative of that, so in the Word of the Old Testament it is said to be lawful to swear by God, yea, that God Himself is said to swear. That this signifies confirmation, asseveration and simply verity, or that it is true, can be seen from the following passages. In Isaiah:

Jehovah hath sworn by His right hand and by the arm of His strength (Isaiah 62:8).

In Jeremiah:

Jehovah of Hosts hath sworn by His soul (Jeremiah 51:14; Amos 6:8).

In Amos:

The Lord Jehovih hath sworn by His holiness (Amos 4:2).

In the same:

Jehovah hath sworn by the excellency of Jacob (Amos 8:7).

In Jeremiah:

Behold, I have sworn by My great name (Jeremiah 44:26).

Jehovah is said "to have sworn by His right hand," "by His soul," "by His holiness," and "by His name," to signify by Divine verity; for "the right hand of Jehovah," "the arm of His strength," "His holiness," "His name," and "His soul," mean the Lord in relation to Divine truth, thus Divine truth proceeding from the Lord; the like is meant by "the excellency of Jacob," for "the mighty One of Jacob" means the Lord in relation to Divine truth.

[3] That "to swear," in reference to Jehovah, signifies confirmation by Himself, that is, from His Divine, is evident in Isaiah:

By Myself have I sworn, the word has gone forth from My mouth, and shall not be recalled (Isaiah 45:23).

In Jeremiah:

By Myself I have sworn that this house shall become a desolation (Jeremiah 22:5).

Because "to swear" in reference to Jehovah signifies Divine verity it is said in David:

Jehovah hath sworn truth unto David, He turneth 1 not from it (Psalms 132:11).

[4] Jehovah God, or the Lord, never swears, for to swear is not becoming to God Himself, or the Divine verity; but when God, or the Divine verity, wills to have anything confirmed before men, then that confirmation in its descent into the natural sphere falls into the form or formula of an oath, such as is used in the world. This shows why it is said in the sense of the letter of the Word, which is the natural sense, that God swears, although He never swears. This, then, is the signification of "to swear" in reference to Jehovah or the Lord in the preceding passages, and also in the following. In Isaiah:

Jehovah of Hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass (Isaiah 14:24).

In David:

I have made a covenant with My chosen, I have sworn unto David My servant. Lord, Thou hast sworn unto David in verity (Psalms 89:3, 35, 49).

In the same:

Jehovah hath sworn and will not repent (Psalms 110:4).

In Ezekiel:

I have sworn unto thee, and have entered into a covenant with thee, that thou mightest become Mine (Ezekiel 16:8).

In David:

Unto whom I have sworn in Mine anger (Psalms 95:11).

In Isaiah:

I have sworn that the waters of Noah shall no more pass over the earth (Isaiah 54:9).

In Luke:

To remember His holy covenant, the oath which He sware to Abraham our father (Luke 1:72, 73).

In David:

He hath remembered His covenant which He made with Abraham, and His oath with Isaac (Psalms 105:8, 9).

In Jeremiah:

That I may establish the oath which I have sworn unto your fathers (Jeremiah 11:5; 32:22).

In Moses:

The land which I have sworn to give unto your fathers (Deuteronomy 1:35; 10:11; 11:9, 21; 26:3, 15; 31:20; 34:4).

[5] From this it can be seen what is meant by "the angel lifted up his hand to heaven, and sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages," as it is likewise said in Daniel:

And I heard the man clothed in linen, that he held up his right hand and his left hand unto the heavens, and sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages (Daniel 12:7);

as meaning to bear witness before the angels respecting the state of the church, that what follows is Divine verity.

[6] Because the church that was instituted with the sons of Israel was a representative church, in which all things that were commanded were natural things representing and signifying spiritual things, the sons of Israel, with whom that church existed, were permitted to swear by Jehovah, and by His name, likewise by the holy things of the church; and this represented and thus signified internal confirmation, and also verity, as can be seen from the following passages. In Isaiah:

He that blesseth himself in the earth let him bless himself in the God of truth, and he that sweareth in the earth let him swear in the God of truth (Isaiah 65:16).

In Jeremiah:

Swear by the living Jehovah, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness (Jeremiah 4:2).

In Moses:

Thou shalt fear Jehovah thy God, Him shalt thou serve, and shalt swear in His name (Deuteronomy 6:13; 10:20).

In Isaiah:

In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that swear to Jehovah of Hosts (Isaiah 19:18).

In Jeremiah:

If in learning they will learn the ways of My people, to swear by My name, Jehovah liveth! (Jeremiah 12:16).

In David:

Everyone that sweareth by God shall glory, but the mouth of them that speak a lie shall be stopped (Psalms 63:11).

"To swear by God" here signifies to speak the truth, for it is added, "the mouth of them that speak a lie shall be stopped." (That they swore by God see also Genesis 21:23, 24, 31; Joshua 2:12; 9:20; Judges 21:7; 1 Kings 1:17.)

[7] As the ancients were allowed to swear by Jehovah God, it follows that it was an enormous evil to swear falsely or to swear to a lie, as is evident from these passages. In Malachi:

I will be a witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against those that swear to a lie (Malachi 3:5).

In Moses:

Thou shalt not swear to a lie by My name, so that thou profane the name of thy God; also, Thou shalt not take the name of thy God in vain (Leviticus 19:12; Deuteronomy 5:11; Exodus 20:7; Zechariah 5:4).

In Jeremiah:

Run ye to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem, and see whether there be any who say, By the living Jehovah; surely they swear by a lie. Thy sons have destroyed 2 Me, and sworn by one not God (Jeremiah 5:1, 2, 7).

In Hosea:

Israel, ye shall not swear, Jehovah liveth (Hosea 4:15).

In Zephaniah:

I will cut off them that swear by Jehovah, and that swear by their king, and them that are turned back from following Jehovah (Zephaniah 1:4-6).

In Zechariah:

Love not the oath of a lie (Zechariah 8:17).

In Isaiah:

Hear ye, O house of Jacob, who swear by the name of Jehovah, not in truth nor in righteousness (Isaiah 48:1).

In David:

The clean in hands and the pure in heart doth not lift up his soul unto vanity, nor swear with deceit (Psalms 24:4).

[8] From this it can be seen that the ancients, who were in the representatives and the significatives of the church, were permitted to swear by Jehovah God in order to bear witness to the truth, and by that oath it was signified that they thought what is true and willed what is good. Especially was this granted to the sons of Jacob, because they were wholly external and natural men, and not internal and spiritual; and merely external or natural men wish to have the truth confirmed and witnessed to by oaths; but internal or spiritual men do not wish this; indeed, they turn away from oaths and shudder at them, especially those in which God and the holy things of heaven and the church are appealed to, and are content with saying and with having it said that a thing is true, or that it is so.

[9] As swearing does not belong to the internal or spiritual man, and as the Lord, when He came into the world, taught men to be internal or spiritual, and to that end abrogated the externals of the church, and opened its internals, therefore He forbade swearing by God and by the holy things of heaven and the church. This is evident from these words of the Lord in Matthew:

Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt not swear [falsely], but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oath; but I say unto you, swear not at all; neither by the heaven, for it is the throne of God; neither by the earth, for it is the footstool of His feet; neither by Jerusalem, for it is a city of the great King. Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, for thou canst not make one hair white or black (Matthew 5:33-37).

Here the holy things by which one must not swear are mentioned, namely, "heaven," "earth," "Jerusalem," and the "head;" and "heaven" means the angelic heaven, wherefore it is called "the throne of God" (that "the throne of God" means that heaven, see above, n. 253, 462, 477); "the earth" means the church (See above, n. 29, 304, 413, 417), which is called therefore "the footstool of God's feet" (that "the footstool of God's feet" also means the church, see above, n. 606; "Jerusalem" means the doctrine of the church, wherefore it is called "the city of the great king" (that "city" means doctrine, see above, n. 223; and the "head" means intelligence therefrom (See above, n. 553, 577), therefore it is said "thou canst not make one hair white or black," which signifies that man of himself can understand nothing.

[10] Again, in the same:

Woe unto you, ye blind guides, for ye say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple he is a debtor! Ye fools and blind; for whether is greater, the gold or the temple that sanctifieth the gold? And whosoever shall swear by the altar it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gift that is upon it he is a debtor. Ye fools and blind; whether is greater, the gift or the altar that sanctifieth the gift? But whosoever sweareth by the altar sweareth by it and by everything thereon. And whosoever sweareth by the temple sweareth by it and by Him that dwelleth therein. And he that sweareth by heaven sweareth by the throne of God and by Him that sitteth thereon (Matthew 23:16-22).

One must not swear "by the temple and by the altar," because to swear by these was to swear by the Lord, by heaven, and by the church; for the "temple" in the highest sense means the Lord in relation to Divine truth, and in a relative sense heaven and the church in respect to truth, likewise all worship from Divine truth (See above, n. 220); and the "altar" signifies the Lord in relation to Divine good, and in a relative sense heaven and the church in respect to that good, likewise all worship from Divine good (See above, n. 391); and because by the Lord all Divine things that proceed from Him are meant, for He is in them and they are His, so he who swears by Him swears by all things that are His; likewise he who swears by heaven and by the church, swears by all the holy things that belong to heaven and the church, for heaven is the complex and containant of these things; so, in like manner, is the church; therefore it is said that the temple is greater than the gold of the temple, because the temple sanctifies the gold, and that the altar is greater than the gift which is upon it, because the altar sanctifies the gift.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Latin has "turneth," the Hebrew "turn back," which is found in Arcana Coelestia 2842.

2. Latin has "destroyed," the Hebrew "forsaken. "

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.