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5 Mose 19

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1 Wenn der HERR, dein Gott, die Völker ausgerottet hat, welcher Land dir der HERR, dein Gott, geben wird, daß du sie einnehmest, und in ihren Städten und Häusern wohnest,

2 sollst du dir drei Städte aussondern im Lande, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, geben wird einzunehmen.

3 Und sollst gelegene Orte wählen und die Grenze deines Landes, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, austeilen wird, in drei Kreise scheiden, daß dahin fliehe, wer einen Totschlag getan hat.

4 Und das soll die Sache sein, daß dahin fliehe, der einen Totschlag getan hat, daß er lebendig bleibe: Wenn jemand seinen Nächsten schlägt, nicht vorsätzlich, und hat vorhin keinen Haß auf ihn gehabt,

5 sondern als wenn jemand mit seinem Nächsten in den Wald ginge, Holz zu hauen, und holete mit der Hand die Axt aus, das Holz abzuhauen, und das Eisen führe vom Stiel und träfe seinen Nächsten, daß er stürbe, der soll in dieser Städte eine fliehen, daß er lebendig bleibe,

6 auf daß nicht der Bluträcher dem Totschläger nachjage, weil sein Herz erhitzt ist, und ergreife ihn, weil der Weg so ferne ist, und schlage ihm seine Seele, so doch kein Urteil des Todes an ihm ist, weil er keinen Haß vorhin zu ihm getragen hat.

7 Darum gebiete ich dir, daß du drei Städte aussonderst.

8 Und so der HERR, dein Gott, deine Grenze weitern wird, wie er deinen Vätern geschworen hat, und gibt dir alles Land, das er geredet hat, deinen Vätern zu geben

9 (so du anders alle diese Gebote halten wirst, daß du danach tust, die ich dir heute gebiete, daß du den HERRN, deinen Gott, liebest und in seinen Wegen wandelst dein Leben lang), so sollst du noch drei Städte tun zu diesen dreien,

10 auf daß nicht unschuldig Blut in deinem Lande vergossen werde, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, gibt zum Erbe, und kommen Blutschulden auf dich.

11 Wenn aber jemand Haß trägt wider seinen Nächsten und lauert auf ihn und macht sich über ihn und schlägt ihm seine Seele tot und fleucht in dieser Städte eine,

12 so sollen die Ältesten in seiner Stadt hinschicken und ihn von dannen holen lassen und ihn in die Hände des Bluträchers geben, daß er sterbe.

13 Deine Augen sollen sein nicht verschonen, und sollst das unschuldige Blut aus Israel tun, daß dir's wohlgehe.

14 Du sollst deines Nächsten Grenze nicht zurücktreiben, die die Vorigen gesetzt haben in deinem Erbteil, das du erbest im Lande das dir der HERR, dein Gott, gegeben hat einzunehmen.

15 Es soll kein einzelner Zeuge wider jemand auftreten über irgend einer Missetat oder Sünde, es sei, welcherlei Sünde es sei, die man tun kann, sondern in dem Munde zweier oder dreier Zeugen soll die Sache bestehen.

16 Wenn ein freveler Zeuge wider jemand auftritt, über ihn zu bezeugen eine Übertretung,

17 so sollen die beiden Männer, die eine Sache miteinander haben, vor dem HERRN, vor den Priestern und Richtern stehen, die zur selben Zeit sein werden;

18 und die Richter sollen wohl forschen. Und wenn der falsche Zeuge hat ein falsch Zeugnis wider seinen Bruder gegeben,

19 so sollt ihr ihm tun, wie er gedachte seinem Bruder zu tun, daß du den Bösen von dir wegtust,

20 auf daß die andern hören, sich fürchten und nicht mehr solche böse Stücke vornehmen zu tun unter dir.

21 Dein Auge soll sein nicht schonen. Seele um Seele, Auge um Auge, Zahn um Zahn, Hand um Hand, Fuß um Fuß.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8908

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8908. 'You shall not answer as a witness of a lie against your neighbour' means that good must not be called evil, nor truth falsity, and conversely that evil must not be called good, nor falsity truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'witness of a lie' as the confirmation of falsity. For the meaning of 'witness' as confirmation, see 4197; and the meaning of 'a lie' as falsity of faith will be evident from what follows below. 'Answering against the neighbour' is speaking to someone in that manner; for 'neighbour' means any and every person, in particular everyone governed by good, and in the abstract sense good itself, 3419, 5025, 6704, 6706-6711, 6818, 8123, so that in the internal sense 'you shall not answer as the witness of a lie against your neighbour' means not saying what is false to anyone, that is, not saying that good is evil and truth is falsity, or vice versa.

[2] What this implies must be explained briefly. None who are ruled by self-love or by love of the world, that is, whose end in view is either to have high and honoured positions or to possess wealth and gain, care when they tell and persuade others that something just is unjust or something unjust is just, and by doing this behave as 'witnesses of a lie'. The reason why they are like this is that their will is in complete subjection to those loves and accompanying desires; it is completely possessed and dominated by them. At the same time the understanding, which is the other part of the mind, indeed has the ability to see what is just or unjust but has no wish to see it. For the will prevails over the understanding; it flows into and persuades it, and at length also makes it blind. Those same people possess no conscience, nor do they know that conscience consists in saying that something just is just, and for no other reason than because it is so, that is, from a love of what is just. People who are like this in the world are also like it in the next life, except for the difference that they do not then say something just is unjust. Instead they call the good of faith evil, and truth falsity, since what is just in dealings with people in the world corresponds to what is good and true in the spiritual world. This is done by them without conscience and also without any shame because it was something they had learned to do during their lifetime and grown accustomed to.

[3] Many times in the Word the expression 'a lie' is used, and wherever it occurs the falsity and evil of faith is meant in the internal sense. And 'the witness of a lie', who is also called 'the witness of violence', means confirming something false, whether before a judge, or before someone else, or before oneself by convincing oneself in one's inner thinking, as in Exodus 23:1ff; Leviticus 19:11-12ff; Deuteronomy 19:16-20. The fact that 'a lie' in the spiritual sense is the evil and falsity of faith is clear from the following places: In John,

You are from your father the devil, and the desires of your father you will to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and has not stood in the truth because the truth is not in him. When he speaks a lie he speaks from the things that are his own, for he is the teller of a lie and the father of it. John 8:44.

Here 'a lie' stands for falsity of faith, for it refers to the unwillingness of the Jews to acknowledge the Lord. 'The devil' in the spiritual sense here is falsity, and 'the father of it' is evil; for falsity springs from evil like son from father. The falsity that is the devil's is the falsity of faith, the evil that is his is the evil of self-love and love of the world.

[4] In Isaiah,

Moab is exceedingly proud; his haughtiness, and his pride, and his anger - his lies are not firm. Isaiah 16:6.

'Lies' stands for falsities of faith, since 'Moab' is those who, ruled by the evil of self-love, therefore falsify truths, 2468, 8315. In the same prophet,

We have made a covenant with death, and with hell we have shaped a vision. We have put our trust in a lie, and we have hidden in falsity. Isaiah 28:15.

In the same prophet,

They were a rebellious people, lying sons, sons who did not wish to hear the law of Jehovah. Isaiah 30:9.

In Jeremiah,

They deceive one another, 1 and do not speak the truth. They have taught their tongue to speak a lie Jeremiah 9:5.

In the same prophet,

Behold, I am against those that prophesy lying dreams 2 and tell them in order that they may mislead My people by their lies. Jeremiah 23:32.

In the same prophet,

O sword, [be] against the liars, that they may become foolish. Jeremiah 50:36.

In Ezekiel,

They have seen vanity and lying divination, 3 saying, Jehovah has said! when Jehovah has not sent them. Therefore thus has the Lord Jehovih said, Because you speak vanity and see a lie, therefore behold, I am against you. Ezekiel 13:6-9.

In Nahum,

Woe to the city of blood! 4 It is all full of lies and plunder. Nahum 3:1.

In Zephaniah,

The remnant of Israel will not do iniquity or speak any lie; nor will a fraudulent tongue be found in their mouth. They will feed and rest. Zephaniah 3:13.

In John,

Outside are dogs, and sorcerers, and fornicators, and murderers, and idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices a lie. Revelation 22:15.

In these as in many other places 'a lie' stands for the falsity and evil of faith.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, They deceive, a man his companion

2. literally, dreams of a lie

3. literally, divination of a lie

4. literally, bloods

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.