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5 Mose 15

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1 Am Ende von sieben Jahren sollst du einen Erlaß halten. Und dies ist die Sache mit dem Erlasse:

2 Jeder Schuldherr soll erlassen das Darlehn seiner Hand, das er seinem Nächsten geliehen hat; er soll seinen Nächsten und seinen Bruder nicht drängen; denn man hat einen Erlaß dem Jehova ausgerufen.

3 Den Fremden magst du drängen; was du aber bei deinem Bruder hast, soll deine Hand erlassen;

4 es sei denn, daß kein Armer unter dir ist. Denn (O. erlassen. Jedoch wird kein Armer unter dir sein; denn usw.) Jehova wird dich reichlich segnen in dem Lande, welches Jehova, dein Gott, dir als Erbteil gibt, es zu besitzen,

5 wenn du nur der Stimme Jehovas, deines Gottes, fleißig gehorchst, darauf zu achten, dieses ganze Gebot zu tun, das ich dir heute gebiete.

6 Denn Jehova, dein Gott, wird dich segnen, (Eig. hat dich gesegnet) wie er zu dir geredet hat; und du wirst vielen Nationen auf Pfand leihen, du aber wirst nichts auf Pfand entlehnen; und du wirst über viele Nationen herrschen, über dich aber werden sie nicht herrschen.

7 Wenn ein Armer unter dir sein wird, irgend einer deiner Brüder, in einem deiner Tore in deinem Lande, das Jehova, dein Gott, dir gibt, so sollst du dein Herz nicht verhärten und deine Hand vor deinem Bruder, dem Armen, nicht verschließen;

8 sondern du sollst ihm deine Hand weit auftun und ihm willig auf Pfand leihen, was hinreicht für den Mangel, den er hat.

9 Hüte dich, daß nicht in deinem Herzen ein Belialswort sei, daß du sprechest: Es naht das siebte Jahr, das Erlaßjahr! und daß dein Auge böse sei gegen deinen Bruder, den Armen, und du ihm nichts gebest, und er über dich (O. wider dich) zu Jehova schreie, und Sünde an dir sei!

10 Willig sollst du ihm geben, und dein Herz soll nicht ärgerlich sein, wenn du ihm gibst; denn um dieser Sache willen wird Jehova, dein Gott, dich segnen in all deinem Werke und in allem Geschäft deiner Hand.

11 Denn der Arme wird nicht aufhören inmitten des Landes; darum gebiete ich dir und spreche: Du sollst deinem Bruder, deinem Dürftigen und deinem Armen in deinem Lande, deine Hand weit auftun.

12 Wenn dein Bruder, ein Hebräer oder eine Hebräerin, sich dir verkauft, (O. dir verkauft wird; vergl. 2. Mose 21,2 usw.; 3. Mose 25,39) so soll er dir sechs Jahre dienen; und im siebten Jahre sollst du ihn frei von dir entlassen.

13 Und wenn du ihn frei von dir entlässest, so sollst du ihn nicht leer entlassen:

14 du sollst ihm reichlich aufladen von deinem Kleinvieh und von deiner Tenne und von deiner Kelter; von dem, womit Jehova, dein Gott, dich gesegnet hat, sollst du ihm geben.

15 Und du sollst gedenken, daß du ein Knecht gewesen bist im Lande Ägypten, und daß Jehova, dein Gott, dich erlöst hat; darum gebiete ich dir heute diese Sache.

16 Und es soll geschehen, wenn er zu dir spricht: Ich will nicht von dir weggehen, weil er dich und dein Haus liebt, weil ihm wohl bei dir ist-

17 so sollst du eine Pfrieme nehmen und sie durch sein Ohr in die Tür stechen, und er wird dein Knecht sein für immer; und auch deiner Magd sollst du also tun.

18 Es soll nicht schwer sein in deinen Augen, wenn du ihn frei von dir entlässest; denn das Doppelte des Lohnes eines Tagelöhners hat er dir sechs Jahre lang gedient; und Jehova, dein Gott, wird dich segnen in allem, was du tust.

19 Alles männliche Erstgeborene, das unter deinen indern unter deinem Kleinvieh geboren wird, sollst du Jehova, deinem Gott, heiligen. Du sollst mit dem Erstgeborenen deines indes nicht arbeiten, und du sollst das Erstgeborene deines Kleinviehes nicht scheren:

20 vor Jehova, deinem Gott, sollst du es essen, Jahr für Jahr, du und dein Haus, an dem Orte, den Jehova erwählen wird.

21 Wenn aber ein Gebrechen an ihm ist, daß es lahm oder blind ist, irgend ein schlimmes Gebrechen, so sollst du es Jehova, deinem Gott, nicht opfern.

22 In deinen Toren magst du es essen, der Unreine und der eine gleicherweise, wie die Gazelle und wie den Hirsch.

23 Nur sein Blut sollst du nicht essen; du sollst es auf die Erde gießen wie Wasser.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 238

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238. And miserable and poor, signifies that they do not know that they have neither knowledges of truth nor knowledges of good. This is evident from the signification of "miserable" or "pitiable," as meaning those who are in no knowledges of truth; and from the signification of "poor" as meaning those who are in no knowledges of good. That this is the meaning of "miserable" and "poor" is evident from many passages in the Word, and also from this, that spiritual misery and poverty are nothing else than a lack of the knowledges of truth and good, for the spirit is then miserable and poor; but when the spirit possesses these it is rich and wealthy; therefore also "riches" and "wealth" in the Word signifies spiritual riches and wealth, which are the knowledges of truth and good (as was shown just above, n. 236).

[2] "Miserable and poor" are terms used in many passages in the Word. He who is ignorant of the spiritual sense of the Word believes that by these no others are meant than the miserable and poor in the world. These, however, are not meant, but those who are not in truths and goods and in the knowledges thereof; and by the "miserable" indeed, those who are not in truths because not in the knowledges of truths, and by the "poor" those who are not in goods because not in the knowledges of goods. As these two, truths and goods, are meant by these two expressions, the two in many places are mentioned together; as in the passages that now follow. In David:

I am miserable and poor, Lord, remember me (Psalms 40:17; 70:5). Incline thine ear, O Jehovah, answer me, for I am miserable and poor (Psalms 86:1).

The "miserable and poor" here mean evidently those who are miserable and poor, not in respect to worldly riches but in respect to spiritual riches, as David says this of himself; therefore he also said, "Jehovah, incline thine ear, and answer me."

[3] In the same:

The wicked draw out the sword and bend their bow, to cast down the miserable and poor (Psalms 37:14).

Here also "the miserable and poor" mean evidently those who are spiritually such and yet long for the knowledges of truth and good, for it is said that "the wicked draw out the sword and bend the bow," "sword" signifying falsity combating against truth and striving to destroy it, and "bow" the doctrine of falsity fighting against the doctrine of truth; therefore it is said that they do this "to cast down the miserable and poor." (That "sword" signifies truth combating against falsity, and in a contrary sense, falsity combating against truth, see above, n. 131; and that "bow" signifies doctrine in both senses, see Arcana Coelestia 2686, 2709)

[4] So in another place in the same:

The wicked man hath persecuted the miserable and poor and the broken in heart, to slay them (Psalms 109:16).

In Isaiah:

The fool speaketh folly, and his heart doeth iniquity to practice hypocrisy and to speak error against Jehovah, to make empty the hungry soul, and to make him who thirsteth for drink to want. He counseleth wicked devices to destroy the miserable by words of a lie, even when the poor speaketh judgment (Isaiah 32:6-7).

Here likewise "the miserable and poor" mean those who are destitute of the knowledges of truth and good; therefore it is said that "the wicked counseleth wicked devices to destroy the miserable by the words of a lie, even when the poor speaketh judgment;" "by the words of a lie" means by falsities, and "to speak judgment" is to speak what is right. Because such are treated of, it is also said that he "practices hypocrisy and speaketh error against Jehovah, to make empty the hungry soul and to make him who thirsteth for drink to want." "To practice hypocrisy and to speak error" is to do evil from falsity, and to speak falsity from evil; "to make empty the hungry soul" is to deprive those of the knowledges of good who long for them, and "to make him who thirsteth for drink to want" is to deprive those of the knowledges of truth who long for them.

In the same:

The miserable shall have joy in Jehovah, and the poor of men shall exult in the Holy One of Israel (Isaiah 29:19).

Here also "the miserable and poor" signify those who are in lack of truth and good and yet long for them; of these, and not of those who are miserable and poor in respect to worldly wealth, it is said that they "shall have joy in Jehovah, and shall exult in the Holy One of Israel."

[5] From this it can be seen what is signified by the "miserable and poor" in other passages of the Word, as in the following. In David:

The poor shall not always be forgotten; and the hope of the miserable shall not perish for ever (Psalms 9:18).

In the same:

God shall judge the miserable of the people, He shall save the sons of the poor. He shall deliver the poor when he crieth, and the miserable. He shall spare the weak and the poor, and the souls of the poor He shall save (Psalms 72:4, 12-13).

In the same:

The miserable shall see, they that seek Jehovah 1 shall be glad. For Jehovah heareth the poor (Psalms 69:32-33).

In the same:

Jehovah deliverest the miserable from him that is too strong for him, the poor from them that despoil him (Psalms 35:10).

In the same:

The miserable and the poor praise Thy name (Psalms 74:21; 109:22).

In the same:

I know that Jehovah will maintain the cause of the miserable, and the judgment of the poor (Psalms 140:12).

Also elsewhere (as Isaiah 10:2; Jeremiah 22:16; Ezekiel 16:49; 18:12; 22:29; Amos 8:4; Deuteronomy 15:11; 24:14). "The miserable" and "the poor" are both mentioned in these passages, because it is according to the style of the Word that where truth is spoken of, good is also spoken of; and in a contrary sense, where falsity is spoken of, evil is also spoken of, since they make a one, and as if it were a marriage; this is why "the miserable and the poor" are mentioned together; for, by "the miserable" those deficient in the knowledges of truth are meant, and by "the poor" those deficient in the knowledges of good. (That there is such a marriage almost everywhere in the prophetical parts of the Word, see Arcana Coelestia 683, 793, 801, 2516, 2712, 3004, 3005, 3009, 4138, 5138, 5194, 5502, 6343, 7022, 7945, 8339, 9263, 9314.)

For the same reason it is said in what follows, "and blind and naked;" for by "the blind" one who is in no understanding of truth is meant, and by "the naked" one who is in no understanding and will of good. So in the following verse, "I counsel thee to buy of Me gold tried by fire, and white garments that thou mayest be clothed;" for by "gold tried by fire" the good of love is meant, and by "white garments" the truths of faith. And further, "That the shame of thy nakedness be not manifest; and anoint thine eyes with eye-salve, that thou mayest see," which means, lest evils and falsities be seen. So also elsewhere. But that there is such a marriage in the particulars of the Word, none but those who know its internal sense can see.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. For "Jehovah" the Hebrew has "God."

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.