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Jérémie 31

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1 En ce temps-là, dit l'Eternel, Je serai le Dieu de toutes les familles d'Israël, Et ils seront mon peuple.

2 Ainsi parle l'Eternel: Il a trouvé grâce dans le désert, Le peuple de ceux qui ont échappé au glaive; Israël marche vers son lieu de repos.

3 De loin l'Eternel se montre à moi: Je t'aime d'un amour éternel; C'est pourquoi je te conserve ma bonté.

4 Je te rétablirai encore, et tu seras rétablie, Vierge d'Israël! Tu auras encore tes tambourins pour parure, Et tu sortiras au milieu des danses joyeuses.

5 Tu planteras encore des vignes sur les montagnes de Samarie; Les planteurs planteront, et cueilleront les fruits.

6 Car le jour vient où les gardes crieront sur la montagne d'Ephraïm: Levez-vous, montons à Sion, vers l'Eternel, notre Dieu!

7 Car ainsi parle l'Eternel: Poussez des cris de joie sur Jacob, Eclatez d'allégresse à la tête des nations! Elevez vos voix, chantez des louanges, et dites: Eternel, délivre ton peuple, le reste d'Israël!

8 Voici, je les ramène du pays du septentrion, Je les rassemble des extrémités de la terre; Parmi eux sont l'aveugle et le boiteux, La femme enceinte et celle en travail; C'est une grande multitude, qui revient ici.

9 Ils viennent en pleurant, et je les conduis au milieu de leurs supplications; Je les mène vers des torrents d'eau, Par un chemin uni où ils ne chancellent pas; Car je suis un père pour Israël, Et Ephraïm est mon premier-né.

10 Nations, écoutez la parole de l'Eternel, Et publiez-la dans les îles lointaines! Dites: Celui qui a dispersé Israël le rassemblera, Et il le gardera comme le berger garde son troupeau.

11 Car l'Eternel rachète Jacob, Il le délivre de la main d'un plus fort que lui.

12 Ils viendront, et pousseront des cris de joie sur les hauteurs de Sion; Ils accourront vers les biens de l'Eternel, Le blé, le moût, l'huile, Les brebis et les boeufs; Leur âme sera comme un jardin arrosé, Et ils ne seront plus dans la souffrance.

13 Alors les jeunes filles se réjouiront à la danse, Les jeunes hommes et les vieillards se réjouiront aussi; Je changerai leur deuil en allégresse, et je les consolerai; Je leur donnerai de la joie après leurs chagrins.

14 Je rassasierai de graisse l'âme des sacrificateurs, Et mon peuple se rassasiera de mes biens, dit l'Eternel.

15 Ainsi parle l'Eternel: On entend des cris à Rama, Des lamentations, des larmes amères; Rachel pleure ses enfants; Elle refuse d'être consolée sur ses enfants, Car ils ne sont plus.

16 Ainsi parle l'Eternel: Retiens tes pleurs, Retiens les larmes de tes yeux; Car il y aura un salaire pour tes oeuvres, dit l'Eternel; Ils reviendront du pays de l'ennemi.

17 Il y a de l'espérance pour ton avenir, dit l'Eternel; Tes enfants reviendront dans leur territoire.

18 J'entends Ephraïm qui se lamente: Tu m'as châtié, et j'ai été châtié Comme un veau qui n'est pas dompté; Fais-moi revenir, et je reviendrai, Car tu es l'Eternel, mon Dieu.

19 Après m'être détourné, j'éprouve du repentir; Et Après avoir reconnu mes fautes, je frappe sur ma cuisse; Je suis honteux et confus, Car je porte l'opprobre de ma jeunesse. -

20 Ephraïm est-il donc pour moi un fils chéri, Un enfant qui fait mes délices? Car plus je parle de lui, plus encore son souvenir est en moi; Aussi mes entrailles sont émues en sa faveur: J'aurai pitié de lui, dit l'Eternel. -

21 Dresse des signes, place des poteaux, Prends garde à la route, au chemin que tu as suivi... Reviens, vierge d'Israël, Reviens dans ces villes qui sont à toi!

22 Jusques à quand seras-tu errante, Fille égarée? Car l'Eternel crée une chose nouvelle sur la terre: La femme recherchera l'homme.

23 Ainsi parle l'Eternel des armées, le Dieu d'Israël: Voici encore ce que l'on dira dans le pays de Juda et dans ses villes, Quand j'aurai ramené leurs captifs: Que l'Eternel te bénisse, demeure de la justice, Montagne sainte!

24 Là s'établiront Juda et toutes ses villes, Les laboureurs et ceux qui conduisent les troupeaux.

25 Car je rafraîchirai l'âme altérée, Et je rassasierai toute âme languissante.

26 Là-dessus je me suis réveillé, et j'ai regardé; Mon sommeil m'avait été agréable.

27 Voici, les jours viennent, dit l'Eternel, Où j'ensemencerai la maison d'Israël et la maison de Juda D'une semence d'hommes et d'une semence de bêtes.

28 Et comme j'ai veillé sur eux Pour arracher, abattre, détruire, ruiner et faire du mal, Ainsi je veillerai sur eux pour bâtir et pour planter, Dit l'Eternel.

29 En ces jours-là, on ne dira plus: Les pères ont mangé des raisins verts, Et les dents des enfants en ont été agacées.

30 Mais chacun mourra pour sa propre iniquité; Tout homme qui mangera des raisins verts, Ses dents en seront agacées.

31 Voici, les jours viennent, dit l'Eternel, Où je ferai avec la maison d'Israël et la maison de Juda Une alliance nouvelle,

32 Non comme l'alliance que je traitai avec leurs pères, Le jour où je les saisis par la main Pour les faire sortir du pays d'Egypte, Alliance qu'ils ont violée, Quoique je fusse leur maître, dit l'Eternel.

33 Mais voici l'alliance que je ferai avec la maison d'Israël, Après ces jours-là, dit l'Eternel: Je mettrai ma loi au dedans d'eux, Je l'écrirai dans leur coeur; Et je serai leur Dieu, Et ils seront mon peuple.

34 Celui-ci n'enseignera plus son prochain, Ni celui-là son frère, en disant: Connaissez l'Eternel! Car tous me connaîtront, Depuis le plus petit jusqu'au plus grand, dit l'Eternel; Car je pardonnerai leur iniquité, Et je ne me souviendrai plus de leur péché.

35 Ainsi parle l'Eternel, qui a fait le soleil pour éclairer le jour, Qui a destiné la lune et les étoiles à éclairer la nuit, Qui soulève la mer et fait mugir ses flots, Lui dont le nom est l'Eternel des armées:

36 Si ces lois viennent à cesser devant moi, dit l'Eternel, La race d'Israël aussi cessera pour toujours d'être une nation devant moi.

37 Ainsi parle l'Eternel: Si les cieux en haut peuvent être mesurés, Si les fondements de la terre en bas peuvent être sondés, Alors je rejetterai toute la race d'Israël, A cause de tout ce qu'ils ont fait, dit l'Eternel.

38 Voici, les jours viennent, dit l'Eternel, Où la ville sera rebâtie à l'honneur de l'Eternel, Depuis la tour de Hananeel jusqu'à la porte de l'angle.

39 Le cordeau s'étendra encore vis-à-vis, Jusqu'à la colline de Gareb, Et fera un circuit du côté de Goath.

40 Toute la vallée des cadavres et de la cendre, Et tous les champs jusqu'au torrent de Cédron, Jusqu'à l'angle de la porte des chevaux à l'orient, Seront consacrés à l'Eternel, Et ne seront plus à jamais ni renversés ni détruits.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 1038

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1038. That 'this is the sign of the covenant' means a token of the Lord's presence in charity is clear from the meaning of 'a covenant' and of 'the sign of a covenant'. That the covenant means the Lord's presence in charity has been shown already at Chapter 6:18, and above at verse 9 of the present chapter; and that a covenant is the Lord's presence in love and charity is clear from the very nature of a covenant. The purpose of any covenant is conjunction, that is to say, its purpose is that people may live together in friendship or in love. This also is why marriage is called a covenant. The Lord's conjunction with man does not exist except in love and charity, for the Lord is love itself and mercy. He wills to save everyone and by His mighty power to draw them towards heaven, that is, towards Himself. From this anyone may know and conclude that it is impossible for anybody to be joined to the Lord except by means of that which He Himself is, that is, except by acting like Him, or becoming one with Him - that is to say, by loving the Lord in return, and loving the neighbour as oneself. In this way alone is conjunction brought about; this constitutes the very essence of a covenant. When conjunction results from this, it quite plainly follows that the Lord is present. The Lord is indeed present with each individual, but that presence is closer or more remote, all depending on how near the person is to love or distant from it.

[2] Since 'the covenant' is the conjunction of the Lord with man by means of love, or what amounts to the same, the Lord's presence with man in love and charity, the covenant itself is called in the Word 'a covenant of peace', for 'peace' means the Lord's kingdom, and the Lord's kingdom consists in mutual love, in which alone peace resides, as is said in Isaiah,

The mountains will depart and the hills be removed, but My mercy will not depart from you, and the covenant of My peace will not be removed, said Jehovah, the One who takes pity on you. Isaiah 54:10.

Here mercy, which is an attribute of love, is called 'a covenant of peace'.

In Ezekiel,

I will raise up over them one shepherd, and He will pasture them - My servant David. He will pasture them and He will be a shepherd to them. And I will make with them a covenant of peace. Ezekiel 34:23, 25.

Here 'David' is plainly used to mean the Lord, and His presence with a regenerate person is described by the words 'He will pasture them'.

[3] In the same prophet,

My servant David will be king over them, and they will all have one shepherd. And I will make with them a covenant of peace; it will be an eternal covenant with them. And I will bless 1 them and cause them to multiply, and I will set My sanctuary in their midst for evermore. And I will be their God and they will be My people. Ezekiel 37:14, 16-17.

Here similarly the Lord is meant by David. Love is meant by the 'sanctuary in their midst', the Lord's presence and conjunction in love by the promise that 'He will be their God, and they will be His people', which is called 'a covenant of peace' and 'an eternal covenant'.

In Malachi,

You will know that I have sent this command to you, that it may be My covenant with Levi, said Jehovah Zebaoth. My covenant was with him, [a covenant] of life 2 and peace, and I have given them to him in fear, and he will fear Me. Malachi 2:4-5.

In the highest sense 'Levi' means the Lord, and from this the person who has love and charity; and this being so 'a covenant of life' and peace with Levi' means in love and charity.

[4] In Moses, in reference to Phinehas,

Behold, I am giving to him My covenant of peace, and it will be to him and his seed after him a covenant of eternal priesthood. Numbers 25:12-13.

Here 'Phinehas' is not used to mean Phinehas but the priesthood which he represented and which means love and what belongs to love, as does the entire priesthood of that Church. Everyone knows that the priesthood did not remain with Phinehas for ever.

In the same author,

Jehovah your God is God Himself, a faithful God who keeps a covenant and mercy with those who love Him, and who keep His commandments, to the thousandth generation. Deuteronomy 7:9, 12.

Here the Lord's presence with man in love is clearly meant by 'the covenant', for it is said to be 'with those who love Him and keep His commandments'.

[5] Because the covenant is the conjunction of the Lord with man by means of love, it follows that it is also achieved by means of all the things allied to love, which are the truths of faith and are called commandments. For all the commandments, indeed the Law and the Prophets, are based on that single law that men ought to love the Lord above all things and the neighbour as themselves. This is clear from the Lord's words in Matthew 22:35-40; Mark 12:28-34. This is also why the tablets on which the Ten Commandments were written are called 'the tablets of the covenant'. Since a covenant or conjunction is achieved by means of the laws or commandments of love it was also achieved by means of the social laws introduced by the Lord into the Jewish Church, which are called 'testimonies', as well as by the religious observances commanded by the Lord, which are called 'statutes'. All of these are called [laws] of the covenant because they have regard to love and charity.

As is said of King Josiah,

The king stood upon the pillar, and made a covenant before Jehovah, to walk after Jehovah, and to keep His commandments, and His testimonies, and His statutes, with all his heart, and all his soul, to establish the words of the covenant. 2 Kings 23:3.

[6] From these references it is now clear what a covenant is, and that the covenant is internal, for the conjunction of the Lord with man is achieved by means of internal things, and never by means of external things separated from internal. External things are merely images and representatives of those that are internal, as the action of a person is an image representative of his thought and will, and as a charitable act is an image representative of charity present within, in intention and mind. Thus all the religious observances of the Jewish Church were images representative of the Lord, and so of love and charity, and of all things deriving from these. It is by means of the internal things of a person therefore that the covenant or conjunction is achieved. External things are no more than signs of the covenant, which also is what they are called. That internal things are the means by which the covenant or conjunction is achieved is quite clear, as in Jeremiah,

Behold, the days are coming, says Jehovah, when I will make with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah a new covenant, not like the covenant which I made with their fathers, for they rendered My covenant invalid. But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days: I will put My law in the midst of them and will write it on their hearts. Jeremiah 31:31-33.

This refers to a new Church. It is plainly stated that the covenant itself is achieved by means of internal things, and indeed within conscience on which the Law is written, the whole of which Law, as stated, is that of love.

[7] That external things do not constitute the covenant unless internal things are joined to them and so through that union act as one and the same cause, but are merely 'signs of the covenant' by means of which, as by representative images, the Lord might be called to mind, is clear from the fact that the sabbath and circumcision are called 'signs' of the covenant. That the sabbath is so called is clear in Moses,

The children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, observing the sabbath throughout their generations, an eternal covenant. Between Me and the children of Israel this is a sign eternally. Exodus 31:16-17.

And that circumcision is called 'a sign of the covenant' is clear in the same author,

This is My covenant which you shall keep between Me and you and your seed after you. Every male among you is to be circumcised. And you shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and it will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you. Genesis 17:10-11.

For the same reason also blood is called 'the blood of the covenant', Exodus 24:7-8.

[8] The chief reason why external religious ceremonies were called signs of the covenant was so that from them people might call interior things to mind, that is, the things meant by them. All the religious observances of the Jewish Church were nothing else. For this reason they were also called signs that would serve to remind the people of interior things - for example, the practice of binding the chief commandment on the hand and of wearing frontlets, as stated in Moses,

You shall love Jehovah your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength. And you shall bind these words as a sign upon your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. Deuteronomy 6:5, 8; 11:13, 18.

Because it means power 'the hand' here means the will, for power is an attribute of the will; while 'frontlets between the eyes' means the understanding. Thus 'a sign' means calling to mind the chief commandment, or epitome of the Law, that it may be constantly in the will and constantly in the thought, that is, that the Lord and love may be present within the whole will and the whole thought. Such is the presence of the Lord and from Him of mutual love existing with angels. That constant presence and the nature of it will in the Lord's Divine mercy be discussed later on. And in like manner here the statement, 'This is the sign of the covenant which I give between Me and you; I have given My bow in the cloud, and it will be for a sign of the covenant', means no other sign than a token of the Lord's presence in charity, and so man's remembrance of Him. But in what way the bow in the cloud provides that token and so remembrance will in the Lord's Divine mercy be discussed later on.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, give

2. literally, of lives

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.