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Deutéronome 4

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1 Maintenant, Israël, écoute les lois et les ordonnances que je vous enseigne. Mettez-les en pratique, afin que vous viviez, et que vous entriez en possession du pays que vous donne l'Eternel, le Dieu de vos pères.

2 Vous n'ajouterez rien à ce que je vous prescris, et vous n'en retrancherez rien; mais vous observerez les commandements de l'Eternel, votre Dieu, tels que je vous les prescris.

3 Vos yeux ont vu ce que l'Eternel a fait à l'occasion de Baal-Peor: l'Eternel, ton Dieu, a détruit du milieu de toi tous ceux qui étaient allés après Baal-Peor.

4 Et vous, qui vous êtes attachés à l'Eternel, votre Dieu, vous êtes aujourd'hui tous vivants.

5 Voici, je vous ai enseigné des lois et des ordonnances, comme l'Eternel, mon Dieu, me l'a commandé, afin que vous les mettiez en pratique dans le pays dont vous allez prendre possession.

6 Vous les observerez et vous les mettrez en pratique; car ce sera là votre sagesse et votre intelligence aux yeux des peuples, qui entendront parler de toutes ces lois et qui diront: Cette grande nation est un peuple absolument sage et intelligent!

7 Quelle est, en effet, la grande nation qui ait des dieux aussi proches que l'Eternel, notre Dieu, l'est de nous toutes les fois que nous l'invoquons?

8 Et quelle est la grande nation qui ait des lois et des ordonnances justes, comme toute cette loi que je vous présente aujourd'hui?

9 Seulement, prends garde à toi et veille attentivement sur ton âme, tous les jours de ta vie, de peur que tu n'oublies les choses que tes yeux ont vues, et qu'elles ne sortent de ton coeur; enseigne-les à tes enfants et aux enfants de tes enfants.

10 Souviens-toi du jour où tu te présentas devant l'Eternel, ton Dieu, à Horeb, lorsque l'Eternel me dit: Assemble auprès de moi le peuple! Je veux leur faire entendre mes paroles, afin qu'ils apprennent à me craindre tout le temps qu'ils vivront sur la terre; et afin qu'ils les enseignent à leurs enfants.

11 Vous vous approchâtes et vous vous tîntes au pied de la montagne. La montagne était embrasée, et les flammes s'élevaient jusqu'au milieu du ciel. Il y avait des ténèbres, des nuées, de l'obscurité.

12 Et l'Eternel vous parla du milieu du feu; vous entendîtes le son des paroles, mais vous ne vîtes point de figure, vous n'entendîtes qu'une voix.

13 Il publia son alliance, qu'il vous ordonna d'observer, les dix commandements; et il les écrivit sur deux tables de pierre.

14 En ce temps-là, l'Eternel me commanda de vous enseigner des lois et des ordonnances, afin que vous les mettiez en pratique dans le pays dont vous allez prendre possession.

15 Puisque vous n'avez vu aucune figure le jourl'Eternel vous parla du milieu du feu, à Horeb, veillez attentivement sur vos âmes,

16 de peur que vous ne vous corrompiez et que vous ne vous fassiez une image taillée, une représentation de quelque idole, la figure d'un homme ou d'une femme,

17 la figure d'un animal qui soit sur la terre, la figure d'un oiseau qui vole dans les cieux,

18 la figure d'une bête qui rampe sur le sol, la figure d'un poisson qui vive dans les eaux au-dessous de la terre.

19 Veille sur ton âme, de peur que, levant tes yeux vers le ciel, et voyant le soleil, la lune et les étoiles, toute l'armée des cieux, tu ne sois entraîné à te prosterner en leur présence et à leur rendre un culte: ce sont des choses que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, a données en partage à tous les peuples, sous le ciel tout entier.

20 Mais vous, l'Eternel vous a pris, et vous a fait sortir de la fournaise de fer de l'Egypte, afin que vous fussiez un peuple qui lui appartînt en propre, comme vous l'êtes aujourd'hui.

21 Et l'Eternel s'irrita contre moi, à cause de vous; et il jura que je ne passerais point le Jourdain, et que je n'entrerais point dans le bon pays que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, te donne en héritage.

22 Je mourrai donc en ce pays-ci, je ne passerai point le Jourdain; mais vous le passerez, et vous posséderez ce bon pays.

23 Veillez sur vous, afin de ne point mettre en oubli l'alliance que l'Eternel, votre Dieu, a traitée avec vous, et de ne point vous faire d'image taillée, de représentation quelconque, que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, t'ait défendue.

24 Car l'Eternel, ton Dieu, est un feu dévorant, un Dieu jaloux.

25 Lorsque tu auras des enfants, et des enfants de tes enfants, et que vous serez depuis longtemps dans le pays, si vous vous corrompez, si vous faites des images taillées, des représentations de quoi que ce soit, si vous faites ce qui est mal aux yeux de l'Eternel, votre Dieu, pour l'irriter, -

26 j'en prends aujourd'hui à témoin contre vous le ciel et la terre, -vous disparaîtrez par une mort rapide du pays dont vous allez prendre possession au delà du Jourdain, vous n'y prolongerez pas vos jours, car vous serez entièrement détruits.

27 L'Eternel vous dispersera parmi les peuples, et vous ne resterez qu'un petit nombre au milieu des nationsL'Eternel vous emmènera.

28 Et là, vous servirez des dieux, ouvrage de mains d'homme, du bois et de la pierre, qui ne peuvent ni voir, ni entendre, ni manger, ni sentir.

29 C'est de là aussi que tu chercheras l'Eternel, ton Dieu, et que tu le trouveras, si tu le cherches de tout ton coeur et de toute ton âme.

30 Au sein de ta détresse, toutes ces choses t'arriveront. Alors, dans la suite des temps, tu retourneras à l'Eternel, ton Dieu, et tu écouteras sa voix;

31 car l'Eternel, ton Dieu, est un Dieu de miséricorde, qui ne t'abandonnera point et ne te détruira point: il n'oubliera pas l'alliance de tes pères, qu'il leur a jurée.

32 Interroge les temps anciens qui t'ont précédé, depuis le jourDieu créa l'homme sur la terre, et d'une extrémité du ciel à l'autre: y eut-il jamais si grand événement, et a-t-on jamais ouï chose semblable?

33 Fut-il jamais un peuple qui entendît la voix de Dieu parlant du milieu du feu, comme tu l'as entendue, et qui soit demeuré vivant?

34 Fut-il jamais un dieu qui essayât de venir prendre à lui une nation du milieu d'une nation, par des épreuves, des signes, des miracles et des combats, à main forte et à bras étendu, et avec des prodiges de terreur, comme l'a fait pour vous l'Eternel, votre dieu, en Egypte et sous vos yeux?

35 Tu as été rendu témoin de ces choses, afin que tu reconnusses que l'Eternel est Dieu, qu'il n'y en a point d'autre.

36 Du ciel, il t'a fait entendre sa voix pour t'instruire; et, sur la terre, il t'a fait voir son grand feu, et tu as entendu ses paroles du milieu du feu.

37 Il a aimé tes pères, et il a choisi leur postérité après eux; il t'a fait lui-même sortir d'Egypte par sa grande puissance;

38 il a chassé devant toi des nations supérieures en nombre et en force, pour te faire entrer dans leur pays, pour t'en donner la possession, comme tu le vois aujourd'hui.

39 Sache donc en ce jour, et retiens dans ton coeur que l'Eternel est Dieu, en haut dans le ciel et en bas sur la terre, et qu'il n'y en a point d'autre.

40 Et observe ses lois et ses commandements que je te prescris aujourd'hui, afin que tu sois heureux, toi et tes enfants après toi, et que tu prolonges désormais tes jours dans le pays que l'Eternel, ton Dieu, te donne.

41 Alors Moïse choisit trois villes de l'autre côté du Jourdain, à l'orient,

42 afin qu'elles servissent de refuge au meurtrier qui aurait involontairement tué son prochain, sans avoir été auparavant son ennemi, et afin qu'il pût sauver sa vie en s'enfuyant dans l'une de ces villes.

43 C'étaient: Betser, dans le désert, dans la plaine, chez les Rubénites; Ramoth, en Galaad, chez les Gadites, et Golan, en Basan, chez les Manassites.

44 C'est ici la loi que présenta Moïse aux enfants d'Israël.

45 Voici les préceptes, les lois et les ordonnances que Moïse prescrivit aux enfants d'Israël, après leur sortie d'Egypte.

46 C'était de l'autre côté du Jourdain, dans la vallée, vis-à-vis de Beth-Peor, au pays de Sihon, roi des Amoréens, qui habitait à Hesbon, et qui fut battu par Moïse et les enfants d'Israël, après leur sortie d'Egypte.

47 Ils s'emparèrent de son pays et de celui d'Og, roi de Basan. Ces deux rois des Amoréens étaient de l'autre côté du Jourdain, à l'orient.

48 Leur territoire s'étendait depuis Aroër sur les bords du torrent de l'Arnon jusqu'à la montagne de Sion qui est l'Hermon,

49 et il embrassait toute la plaine de l'autre côté du Jourdain, à l'orient, jusqu'à la mer de la plaine, au pied du Pisga.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 827

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827. Saying to them that dwell on the earth that they should make an image to the beast, signifies an established decree that all in the church should teach and believe nothing whatever except these things. This is evident from the signification of "them that dwell on the earth," as being all who belong to the church (See just above, n. 826; also from the signification of "the image of the beast," as being the doctrine of faith separated from good works, and worship therefrom confirmed from the sense of the letter of the Word by means of reasonings from the natural man; consequently "to make that image" signifies to make a decree or to determine that they should teach and believe only in this way; also that this has been done in the churches where the doctrine of faith separate has been accepted. This is the signification of the "image," because in the spiritual world all spiritual things may be exhibited by means of images, also by means of idols; and by these the particulars of doctrine may be portrayed, which I have also seen done. This is why images and idols have this signification in the Word. That idols signify the falsities of doctrine may be seen above (n. 587, 650, 654, 780). So here "saying to them that dwell upon the earth that they should make an image to the beast" signifies an established decree that all in the church should teach and believe nothing whatever except these things. With those who belonged to the ancient churches images were made representative of their doctrine and the worship therefrom; but the sons of Israel, on account of the proclivity of their mind to idolatrous worship, were forbidden to make them, as is evident from the Word.

[2] That it may be known that images have this signification I will cite in confirmation the following passages from the Word. In Moses:

Thou shalt not make to thee any graven image, or any image of that which is in the heavens above or that is in the earth beneath or that is in the waters under the earth; thou shalt not bow thyself down to them nor worship them (Exodus 20:4, 5).

Ye shall make no idols to you, neither shall ye rear you up a graven image or a pillar, neither shall ye place the stone of an image in your land to bow yourselves down to it (Leviticus 26:1).

Lest ye make to you a graven image, the image of any likeness, the figure of male or female, the figure of any beast that is on the earth, the figure of any winged bird that flieth under heaven, the figure of anything that creepeth on the ground, the figure of any fish that is in the waters under the earth (Deuteronomy 4:16-18).

The sons of Israel were forbidden to make idols, graven images, and forms or figures of anything in the heavens, on the earth, or in the waters, because the ancient churches which were before the Israelitish Church were representative churches, also because the sons of Jacob were wholly external men, and external men at that time, when all worship was representative, were prone to idolatries, thus to the worship of such things as appeared before their eyes. But as the ancient churches were representative churches, the men of those churches made to themselves graven images and forms of various things which represented and thence signified things heavenly; and the ancients took delight in these on account of their signification, for when they looked upon them they were reminded of the heavenly things they represented; and as these belonged to their religion, therefore they worshiped the images. This is why they had groves and high places, and also sculptured, molten, and painted figures, which were set up either in groves or upon mountains, or in temples, or in their houses. So in Egypt, where the science of representations, which is the same as the science of correspondences, flourished, there were images, idols, and graven images, as also hieroglyphics; and other nations had the like. But when the men of those churches from being internal became external, then the celestial and spiritual things which were represented and thence signified remained as traditions with their priests and wise men, who were called magi and diviners; consequently the common people, because of the religious principle which their fathers saw in these things, began to worship them and to call them their gods. Now as the sons of Jacob were more external men than the others, and thence more prone to idolatries and also to magic, they were strictly forbidden to make to themselves graven images, images and figures of the likeness of anything existing in the heavens, on the earth, or in the sea, because all things that are in the world are representative, as flying things, beasts, fishes, and creeping things, for so far as they worshiped these idolatrously, so far they did not acknowledge Jehovah. And yet, since the church was representative with them also, the tabernacle was built, in which were placed the chief representatives of heavenly things, as the table on which were the loaves, the golden altar on which incense was offered, the lampstand with the lamps, the ark with the mercy-seat. and the cherubim above it, and the altar not far from the door of the tabernacle, on which was the sacred fire; and afterwards the temple was built, in which also all things were representative, as the painting therein, the lavers outside of it, the brazen sea under which were the oxen supporting it, likewise the pillars and porticos, with the vessels of gold, all of which they were permitted to worship as holy, provided they acknowledged the tabernacle, and afterwards the temple, as the dwelling-place of Jehovah. This was granted them to prevent their turning aside to idolatry and magic, which then existed with various nations in Asia; as Egypt, Syria, Assyria, Babylon, Tyre and Sidon, Arabia, Ethiopia, Mesopotamia, and especially in and about the land of Canaan.

[3] From this it is clear why "idols" signify in the Word the falsities of religion, and "images" doctrinals. That such things existed with various nations in the countries of Asia is made evident by the gods of Laban the Syrian that Rachel the wife of Jacob carried off (Genesis 31:19, 20); by the calves and other idols in Egypt; by the hieroglyphics there engraved and painted in temples, and upon obelisks and walls; by Dagon the idol of the Philistines in Ekron; by the idols made by Solomon, and afterwards by the kings in the temple of Jerusalem and in Samaria; and by the altars, pillars, images, and groves, among the nations of the land, which the sons of Israel were commanded to destroy, as is evident from various passages in the Word.

[4] Moreover, it was from the science of correspondences and representations:

That the priests and diviners of the Philistines persuaded them to make golden images of the emerods and mice that had laid waste the land, and to place them beside the ark, which they sent back upon a new cart drawn by kine, and that they should thus give glory to the God of Israel (1 Samuel 6 seq.).

For at that time their priests and diviners knew what all these things represented; and that the images of the emerods and mice signified the falsities of their religion, which might be atoned for by these as gifts made of gold.

[5] Doctrinals are also signified by "images" in the following passages.

In Ezekiel:

They shall cast their silver into the streets, and their gold shall be an abomination, in that they have turned the gracefulness of their adornment into pride, and have made thereof images of their abominations and their detestable things; therefore I have made it unto them for an abomination (Ezekiel 7:19, 20).

This treats of the devastation of the church by falsities and evils, which is here meant by "the sword, pestilence, and famine" (verse 15), that were to consume them. The "silver that they shall cast into the streets," and the "gold that shall be for an abomination," signify the truth of the church and its good turned into falsity and evil; "to cast these into the streets" signifies to scatter them, and "to be for an abomination" signifies to be turned into infernal evil, for this is to be for an abomination. "They have turned the gracefulness of their adornment into pride, and have made thereof images of their abominations and their detestable things," signifies that they filled the whole church and its doctrine, and all things that are contained in it, with things profane; "the gracefulness of the adornment" signifying the church and its doctrine; and "images of abominations and of detestable things" signifying all things of it, thus doctrinals, the goods and truths of which have been profaned; "abominations" are goods profaned, and "detestable things" truths profaned.

[6] In the same:

Thou didst take the vessels of thy adornment, of my gold and of my silver which I had given to thee, and madest for thee the images of a male, with which thou couldst commit whoredom (Ezekiel 16:17).

This is said of "the abominations of Jerusalem," which mean the adulterations of the truth and good of doctrine from the Word; "vessels of adornment of gold and silver" signifying the knowledges of good and truth from the Word; "to make of them images of a male" signifying to make doctrinals from falsities to appear as if from truths; and "to commit whoredom with them" signifying the falsification of them.

[7] In the same:

Oholibah committed whoredom in Egypt, she loved the sons of Assyria; she added to her whoredoms; when she saw men portrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with vermilion, at the sight of her eyes she loved them (Ezekiel 23:3, 12, 14, 16).

"Oholibah" means Jerusalem, which signifies the church in respect to doctrine, therefore the doctrine of the church; "to commit whoredom" signifies the falsification and adulteration of the Word; and as "Egypt" signifies natural truths, which are called knowledges [scientifica], and "Assyria" rational truths, and in the contrary sense falsities, it is clear what is signified by "committing whoredom with them." As "the Chaldeans" signify the truths of the Word profaned by being applied to the loves of self and the world, so the "images of the Chaldeans" signify doctrinals that are pleasing to those loves; "portrayed with vermilion" signifies these appearing outwardly as if truths, although inwardly they are profane; "men portrayed upon the wall" have a similar signification, "a painted wall" meaning the appearance of doctrinals in externals. "Images" have a like signification in Isaiah (Isaiah 2:16; in David (Psalms 73:20; also in the following passages in Revelation (Revelation 14:9-11, 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). (See also what has been said above about "idols" and "graven images," n. 587, 650, 654, 780, where other passages from the Word have been cited and explained.)

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.