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Deuteronomio 4

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1 Kaj nun, ho Izrael, auxskultu la legxojn kaj la regulojn, kiujn mi instruas al vi, ke vi ilin plenumu, por ke vi vivu kaj venu kaj heredu la landon, kiun la Eternulo, la Dio de viaj patroj, donas al vi.

2 Ne aldonu al tio, kion mi ordonas al vi, kaj ne deprenu de gxi; sed observu la ordonojn de la Eternulo, via Dio, kiujn mi ordonas al vi.

3 Viaj okuloj vidis, kion la Eternulo faris pro Baal-Peor; cxar cxiun homon, kiu sekvis Baal-Peoron, la Eternulo, via Dio, ekstermis el inter vi;

4 sed vi, kiuj restis aligxintaj al la Eternulo, via Dio, vi cxiuj vivas hodiaux.

5 Rigardu, mi instruis al vi legxojn kaj regulojn, kiel ordonis al mi la Eternulo, mia Dio, ke vi agu tiel en la lando, en kiun vi venas, por ekposedi gxin.

6 Kaj observu kaj plenumu ilin; cxar tio estas via sagxo kaj via prudento en la okuloj de la popoloj, kiuj auxdos pri cxiuj cxi tiuj legxoj, kaj diros:Efektive, popolo sagxa kaj prudenta estas tiu granda popolo.

7 CXar kie estas granda popolo, al kiu dioj estas tiel proksimaj, kiel la Eternulo, nia Dio, cxiufoje, kiam ni vokas al Li?

8 Kaj kie estas granda popolo, kiu havas legxojn kaj regulojn justajn, kiel la tuta cxi tiu instruo, kiun mi donas al vi hodiaux?

9 Nur gardu vin kaj forte gardu vian animon, ke vi ne forgesu la aferojn, kiujn vidis viaj okuloj, kaj ke ili ne eliru el via koro dum via tuta vivo; kaj rakontu al viaj filoj kaj al la filoj de viaj filoj

10 pri la tago, en kiu vi staris antaux la Eternulo, via Dio, cxe HXoreb, kiam la Eternulo diris al mi:Kunvenigu al Mi la popolon, kaj Mi auxdigos al ili Miajn vortojn, per kiuj ili lernos timi Min dum la tuta tempo, kiun ili vivas sur la tero, kaj ili lernigos siajn filojn.

11 Tiam vi alproksimigxis kaj starigxis cxe la bazo de la monto, kaj la monto brulis per fajro gxis la mezo de la cxielo, en mallumo, nubo, kaj nebulo.

12 Kaj la Eternulo parolis al vi el meze de la fajro; la vocxon de la vortoj vi auxdis, sed figuron vi ne vidis, nur la vocxon.

13 Kaj Li sciigis al vi Sian interligon, kiun Li ordonis al vi plenumi, la dek ordonojn; kaj Li skribis ilin sur du sxtonaj tabeloj.

14 Kaj al mi la Eternulo en tiu tempo ordonis instrui al vi la legxojn kaj regulojn, por ke vi plenumadu ilin en la lando, en kiun vi iras, por ekposedi gxin.

15 Gardu do bone viajn animojn:cxar vi vidis nenian figuron en tiu tago, kiam la Eternulo parolis al vi sur HXoreb el meze de la fajro;

16 vi do ne malcxastigxu, kaj ne faru al vi ian skulptajxon, bildon de ia idolo, figuron de viro aux virino,

17 figuron de ia bruto, kiu estas sur la tero, figuron de ia flugilhava birdo, kiu flugas sub la cxielo,

18 figuron de io, kio rampas sur la tero, figuron de ia fisxo, kiu estas en akvo, malsupre de la tero.

19 Kaj, levinte viajn okulojn al la cxielo kaj vidinte la sunon kaj la lunon kaj la stelojn kaj la tutan armeon de la cxielo, ne forlogigxu, kaj ne adorklinigxu antaux ili kaj ne servu ilin, kiujn la Eternulo, via Dio, destinis por cxiuj popoloj sub la tuta cxielo.

20 Kaj vin la Eternulo prenis, kaj elkondukis vin el la fera forno, el Egiptujo, por ke vi estu al Li popolo herede apartenanta, kiel nun.

21 Kaj la Eternulo ekkoleris min pro vi, kaj jxuris, ke mi ne transiros Jordanon, kaj mi ne venos en la bonan landon, kiun la Eternulo, via Dio, donas al vi kiel posedajxon;

22 cxar mi mortos en cxi tiu lando, mi ne transiros Jordanon, sed vi transiros kaj ekposedos tiun bonan landon.

23 Gardu vin, ke vi ne forgesu la interligon de la Eternulo, via Dio, kiun Li faris kun vi, kaj ke vi ne faru al vi ian skulptajxon, figuron de io, kiel ordonis al vi la Eternulo, via Dio.

24 CXar la Eternulo, via Dio, estas fajro konsumanta, Dio severa.

25 Se vi naskos filojn kaj filojn de filoj, kaj, longe vivinte sur la tero, vi malcxastigxos kaj faros skulptitan figuron de io kaj faros malbonon antaux la okuloj de la Eternulo, via Dio, kolerigante Lin:

26 mi atestigas al vi hodiaux la cxielon kaj la teron, ke vi rapide pereos de sur la tero, por kies ekposedo vi transiras Jordanon; ne longe vi logxos sur gxi, sed vi estos ekstermitaj.

27 Kaj la Eternulo dissemos vin inter la popoloj, kaj vi restos en malgranda nombro inter la popoloj, al kiuj la Eternulo vin foririgos.

28 Kaj vi servos tie al dioj, kiuj estas faritajxo de homaj manoj, ligno kaj sxtono, kiuj ne vidas kaj ne auxdas kaj ne mangxas kaj ne flaras.

29 Kaj vi sercxos el tie la Eternulon, vian Dion; kaj vi trovos, se vi sercxos Lin per via tuta koro kaj per via tuta animo.

30 Kiam vi estos en mizero kaj kiam vin trafos cxio cxi tio en la malproksima venonta tempo, tiam vi revenos al la Eternulo, via Dio, kaj vi auxskultos Lian vocxon;

31 cxar la Eternulo, via Dio, estas Dio kompatema; Li ne forlasos vin nek pereigos vin, kaj ne forgesos la interligon kun viaj patroj, pri kiu Li jxuris al ili.

32 CXar demandu la tempojn antauxajn, kiuj estis antaux vi de post tiu tago, en kiu la Eternulo kreis homon sur la tero, kaj de unu rando de la cxielo gxis la alia rando:CXu estis io, kiel cxi tiu granda afero, aux cxu oni auxdis pri io simila?

33 CXu auxdis la popolo la vocxon de Dio, parolantan el meze de fajro, kiel vi auxdis, kaj restis vivanta?

34 Aux cxu provis ia dio iri kaj preni al si unu popolon el inter alia popolo per provoj, per signoj, kaj per mirakloj, kaj per milito kaj per forta mano kaj per etendita brako kaj per grandaj terurajxoj, simile al cxio, kion faris al vi la Eternulo, via dio, en Egiptujo, antaux viaj okuloj?

35 Al vi tio estis montrita, por ke vi sciu, ke la Eternulo estas Dio, ke ne ekzistas alia krom Li.

36 El la cxielo Li auxdigis al vi Sian vocxon, por instrui vin, kaj sur la tero Li montris al vi Sian grandan fajron, kaj Liajn vortojn vi auxdis el meze de la fajro.

37 Kaj cxar Li amis viajn patrojn, tial Li elektis ilian idaron post ili, kaj elkondukis vin per Sia vizagxo, per Sia granda forto el Egiptujo,

38 por forpeli de antaux vi popolojn, kiuj estas pli grandaj kaj pli fortaj ol vi, por envenigi vin kaj doni al vi ilian landon kiel posedajxon, kiel nun.

39 Sciu do nun kaj enmetu en vian koron, ke la Eternulo estas Dio en la cxielo supre kaj sur la tero malsupre; ne ekzistas alia.

40 Kaj observu Liajn legxojn kaj Liajn ordonojn, kiujn mi ordonas al vi hodiaux, por ke estu bone al vi kaj al viaj filoj post vi, kaj por ke vi longe vivu sur la tero, kiun la Eternulo, via Dio, donas al vi por cxiam.

41 Tiam Moseo apartigis tri urbojn transe de Jordan, sur la flanko de sunlevigxo,

42 por ke tien forkuru mortiginto, kiu mortigis sian proksimulon senintence, ne estinte malamika al li de antauxe, kaj forkurinte al unu el tiuj urboj, li restu viva:

43 Becer en la dezerto, sur la ebenajxo, por la Rubenidoj, kaj Ramot en Gilead por la Gadidoj, kaj Golan en Basxan por la Manaseidoj.

44 Kaj jen estas la instruo, kiun Moseo proponis al la Izraelidoj;

45 jen estas la atestoj kaj la legxoj kaj la reguloj, kiujn Moseo eldiris al la Izraelidoj post ilia eliro el Egiptujo,

46 transe de Jordan, en la valo kontraux Bet-Peor, en la lando de Sihxon, regxo de la Amoridoj, kiu logxis en HXesxbon kaj kiun venkobatis Moseo kaj la Izraelidoj post sia eliro el Egiptujo;

47 kaj ili ekposedis lian landon, kaj la landon de Og, regxo de Basxan, la du regxoj de la Amoridoj, kiuj estis transe de Jordan, sur la flanko de sunlevigxo,

48 de Aroer, kiu estas sur la bordo de la torento Arnon, gxis la monto Sion (kiu ankaux nomigxas HXermon);

49 kaj la tutan stepon transe de Jordan oriente kaj gxis la maro de la stepo cxe la bazo de Pisga.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 2842

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2842. 'And he said, By Myself I have sworn, says Jehovah' means unchangeable confirmation from the Divine, that is to say, regarding the things that follow. This becomes clear from the meaning of 'saying, by Myself I have sworn' and of 'says Jehovah', all of which imply confirmation, and indeed from the Divine, that is, from Himself. The Divine is unable to confirm from any other source than Himself, and that which He confirms is unchangeable because it is eternal truth. Whatever Jehovah or the Lord utters is eternal truth, Matthew 24:35, since it comes from the very Being (Esse) itself of truth. But He confirms a thing seemingly with an oath, as He does here and elsewhere in the Word, not because that thing is then more true, but because He addresses Himself to persons who do not accept Divine truth unless it is confirmed in that way. For such persons do not have any other idea of Jehovah or the Lord than of a human being who is able to declare a thing and to change his mind, as one reads of many times in the Word; but in the internal sense the situation is altogether different. Anyone may recognize that Jehovah or the Lord never confirms anything with an oath, but when Divine Truth itself, and the confirmation of it, passes down to that kind of person it is converted into the semblance of an oath. It is as it was with the devouring fire and the smoke that appeared over Mount Sinai before the eyes of the people when Jehovah or the Lord came down, Exodus 19:18; Deuteronomy 4:11-12; 5:22-24. In this case His glory in heaven, indeed His mercy, were seen by the people there, who were under the influence of evil and falsity, as fire and smoke, see 1861. Much the same applies to many things called the utterances or actions of Jehovah that are mentioned in the Word. From this it may become clear that 'by Myself I have sworn, says Jehovah' are words meaning unchangeable confirmation from the Divine.

[2] From many other places in the Word it becomes clear that when reference is made to Jehovah 'swearing' it means confirmation with someone who is like those that have just been referred to, as in David,

Jehovah is mindful of His covenant for ever, of the word He has commanded to a thousand generations, which He made with Abraham, and of His oath to Isaac. Psalms 105:8-9.

It is similar with 'a covenant' as it is with 'an oath', for Jehovah or the Lord does not make a covenant with man. But when the subject is conjunction through love and charity, this is also presented in actual events as a covenant, see 1864. In the same author,

Jehovah has sworn and not repented, You are a Priest for ever after the manner of Melchizedek. Psalms 110:4.

This refers to the Lord. 'Jehovah has sworn' stands for unchangeable confirmation from the Divine, that is, that it is eternal truth.

[3] In the same author,

I have made a covenant with My chosen one, I have sworn to David My servant, I will continue your seed even for ever, and build your throne from generation to generation. Psalms 89:3-4.

This too refers to the Lord. 'Making a covenant with the chosen one, and swearing to David' stands for unchangeable confirmation or eternal truth. 'David' stands for the Lord, 1888; 'making a covenant' has regard to Divine Good, 'swearing' to Divine Truth. In the same psalm,

I will not profane My covenant, and the utterance of My lips I will not alter. Once and for all I have sworn by My holiness, I will not lie to David. Psalms 89:34-35.

Here also 'David' stands for the Lord. 'Covenant' here again has regard to Divine Good, 'utterance of the lips' to Divine Truth. They do so on account of the marriage of good and truth, which marriage exists in every individual part of the Word, dealt with in 683, 793, 801, 2516, 2712.

[4] In the same author,

Jehovah has sworn the truth to David, from which He will not turn back, Of the fruit of your body 1 I will set on your throne, provided your sons keep My covenant and My testimony which I teach them. Psalms 132:11-12.

'Jehovah has sworn the truth to David' plainly stands for the confirmation of eternal truth. Hence the statement 'from which He will not turn back'. As has been stated, 'David' is used to mean the Lord. This oath was sworn even to David because he was the kind of person who believed that the confirmation applied to himself and his descendants. For David was moved by self-love and love of his descendants, and this explains why he believed that what was declared - that is, as in the quotation above, that his seed would continue for ever and his throne from generation to generation - had reference to himself, when in fact what was said had reference to the Lord.

[5] In Isaiah,

This is as the waters of Noah to Me; as I swore that the waters of Noah should go no more over the earth, so I have sworn not to be angry with you. Isaiah 54:9.

Here 'swearing' stands for making a covenant and confirming it with an oath. As regards its being a covenant and not an oath, see Genesis 9:11. In the same prophet,

Jehovah has sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so will it be. Isaiah 14:24.

In the same prophet,

Jehovah has sworn by His right hand, and by His mighty arm. Isaiah 62:8.

In Jeremiah,

Hear the Word of Jehovah, all you of Judah dwelling in the land of Egypt, Behold, I have sworn by My great name, said Jehovah, that My name will no more be invoked by the mouth of every man (vir) of Judah who says, As lives the Lord Jehovih in all the land of Egypt. Jeremiah 44:26.

In the same prophet,

I have sworn by Myself, says Jehovah, that Bozrah will become a desolation. Jeremiah 49:13.

In the same prophet,

Jehovah Zebaoth has sworn by His own soul, Surely I will fill you with men (homo) as with the bruchus. 2 Jeremiah 51:14.

In Amos,

The Lord Jehovih has sworn by His holiness, that, behold, the days are coming. Amos 4:2.

In the same prophet,

Jehovah has sworn by the excellence of Jacob, Surely I will never forget any of their deeds. Amos 8:7.

[6] In all these places Jehovah's having sworn by His right hand, by His great name, by Himself, by His own soul, by His holiness, and by the excellence of Jacob, means the confirmation that there is in Jehovah or the Lord. No confirmation by Jehovah is possible except from Himself. Jehovah's right hand, Jehovah's great name, Jehovah's soul, Jehovah's holiness, and the excellence of Jacob mean the Lord's Divine Human; through the latter confirmation came.

[7] Jehovah's or the Lord's swearing to give the land to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and to their descendants, in the internal sense means confirmation that He would grant the heavenly kingdom to those in whom love and faith in Him are present. These are the ones who are meant in the internal sense of the Word by the sons and descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, that is, of the patriarchs. The same was also represented in the actual historical granting of the land of Canaan to their descendants; and the Church as it existed at that time among them represented the Lord's heavenly kingdom, as also did the land itself. For 'the land' and 'the land of Canaan' in the internal sense is the Lord's kingdom, see 1413, 1437, 1607. This explains why it is said in Moses,

That you may prolong your days on the land which Jehovah swore to your fathers to give to them, and to their seed, a land flowing with milk and honey; so that your days may be multiplied, and the days of your sons, on the land which Jehovah swore to your fathers to give them, as long as the days of the heavens above the earth. Deuteronomy 11:9, 21.

From all these places it may now become clear that Jehovah's 'swearing' was representative of confirmation, and indeed of unchangeable confirmation, as is plainer still in Isaiah,

By Myself I have sworn; out of My mouth has gone forth the word of righteousness, which will not return, that to Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear. Isaiah 45:23.

[8] In addition to this, those who belonged to the Jewish representative Church were commanded when confirming covenants with an oath, likewise when confirming vows, as well as promises, and also guarantees, to swear by the name of Jehovah. The reason they were commanded - or to be exact, merely permitted - to do so was that the confirmation of the internal man would in that way also be represented. Thus it was that in those times oaths sworn by the name of Jehovah were like everything else, that is to say, they were representatives. The fact that such was commanded, that is, permitted, is clear in Moses, You shall fear Jehovah your God, and serve Him, and swear by His name; you shall not go after other gods. Deuteronomy 6:13-14.

Elsewhere in the same author,

You shall fear Jehovah your God; you shall serve Him and cling to Him, and you shall swear by His name. Deuteronomy 10:20.

In Isaiah,

He who blesses himself in the land will bless himself by the God of truth, and he who swears in the land will swear by the God of truth. Isaiah 65:16.

In Jeremiah,

If you will return, O Israel, says Jehovah, to Me may you return. And if you are removing your abominations from My sight do not waver. And swear, As Jehovah lives, in truth, in judgement, and in righteousness. Jeremiah 4:1-2.

In the same prophet,

If they will diligently learn the ways of My people, to swear by My name, they will be built up in the midst of My people. Jeremiah 12:16.

The fact that they also swore by the name of Jehovah, that is, swore to Jehovah, [is evident] in Isaiah,

Hear this, O house of Jacob, who are called by the name of Israel and who came out of the waters of Judah, who swore by the name of Jehovah and made mention of the God of Israel, but not in truth and not in righteousness. Isaiah 48:1.

In the same prophet,

On that day there will be five cities in the land of Egypt which speak with the lip of Canaan and swear to Jehovah Zebaoth. Isaiah 19:18.

In Joshua it is said that the leaders of the congregation swore to the Gibeonites by Jehovah God of Israel, Joshua 9:18-19.

[9] From this it is clear that they were permitted to swear by the name of Jehovah or by Jehovah. But it is also clear that such swearing was nothing else than a representative of confirmation of the internal man. It is well known that internal people, that is, those who possess conscience, have no need to confirm anything by means of an oath; and that they do not so confirm. By them oaths are regarded with disapproval. They are indeed able to assert quite categorically that something is so, and also to confirm the truth with the aid of reasons; but to swear that a thing is so they cannot. They are governed by an internal bond - that of conscience. The addition to this of an external bond, which is an oath, is a kind of insinuation that they are not upright in heart. What is more, the internal man is such that he loves to speak and act in freedom and not under compulsion, for with such persons the internal controls the external, and not the reverse. People who possess conscience therefore do not swear oaths, still less do those do so who possess the perception of good and truth, that is, who are celestial people. The latter do not even, by means of reasons, confirm anything for themselves or for others, but they merely say that something is so, or else is not so, 202, 337, 2718. Consequently they are further removed still from any swearing with an oath.

[10] For these reasons, and because oaths belonged among representatives which were to be brought to an end, the Lord teaches in the following words in Matthew that one should not swear at all,

You have heard that it was said, You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to the Lord your oaths. But I say to you, You shall not swear at all, neither by heaven, for it is God's throne, nor by the earth, for it is His footstool, nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. Nor shall you swear by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black. But let your words be, Yes, yes; No, no; anything beyond this is from evil. 3 Matthew 5:33-37.

These words are used to mean that one should not swear at all by Jehovah or by anything whatever that is Jehovah's or the Lord's.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, belly

2. A wingless locust or the larva of a locust

3. or from the evil one

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.