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Soudců 2

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1 Vstoupil pak anděl Hospodinův z Galgala do Bochim a řekl: Vyvedl jsem vás z Egypta a uvedl jsem vás do země, kterouž jsem s přísahou zaslíbil otcům vašim, a řekl jsem: Nezruším smlouvy své s vámi na věky.

2 Vy také nečiňte smlouvy s obyvateli země této, oltáře jejich rozkopejte; ale neposlechli jste hlasu mého. Co jste to učinili?

3 Pročež také jsem řekl: Nevyhladím jich před tváří vaší, ale budou vám jako trní, a bohové jejich budou vám osídlem.

4 I stalo se, když mluvil anděl Hospodinův slova tato všechněm synům Izraelským, že pozdvihl hlasu svého lid a plakal.

5 I nazvali jméno místa toho Bochim, a obětovali tu Hospodinu.

6 Rozpustil pak byl Jozue lid, a rozešli se synové Izraelští, jeden každý do dědictví svého, aby vládli zemí.

7 I sloužil lid Hospodinu po všecky dny Jozue, a po všecky dny starších, kteříž dlouho živi byli po Jozue, jenž viděli všecky skutky veliké Hospodinovy, kteréž učinil Izraelovi.

8 Ale když umřel Jozue syn Nun, služebník Hospodinův, jsa ve stu a desíti letech,

9 A pochovali ho v krajině dědictví jeho, v Tamnatheres, na hoře Efraim, k straně půlnoční hory Gás;

10 Také když všecken věk ten připojen jest k otcům svým, a povstal jiný věk po nich, kteříž neznali Hospodina, ani skutků, kteréž učinil Izraelovi:

11 Tedy činili synové Izraelští to, což jest zlého před očima Hospodinovýma, a sloužili modlám,

12 Opustivše Hospodina Boha otců svých, kterýž je vyvedl z země Egyptské, a odešli za bohy cizími, bohy těch národů, kteříž byli vůkol nich, a klaněli se jim; pročež popudili Hospodina.

13 Nebo opustivše Hospodina, sloužili Bálovi i Astarotům.

14 I rozpálila se prchlivost Hospodinova na Izraele, a vydal je v ruku loupežníků, kteříž je zloupili; vydal je, pravím, v ruku nepřátel jejich vůkol, tak že nemohli více ostáti před nepřátely svými.

15 Kamžkoli vycházeli, ruka Hospodinova byla proti nim ke zlému, jakož byl mluvil Hospodin, a jakož byl zapřisáhl jim Hospodin; i ssouženi byli náramně.

16 Vzbuzoval pak Hospodin soudce, kteříž vysvobozovali je z rukou zhoubců jejich.

17 Ale ani soudců svých neposlouchali, nebo smilnili, odcházejíce za bohy cizími, a klaněli se jim. Odcházeli rychle s cesty, po kteréž chodili otcové jejich, tak že poslouchati majíce přikázaní Hospodinových, nečinili toho.

18 A když vzbuzoval jim Hospodin soudce, býval Hospodin s každým soudcím, a vysvobozoval je z ruky nepřátel jejich po všecky dny soudce; (nebo želel Hospodin naříkání jejich, k němuž je přivodili ti, kteříž je ssužovali a utiskali).

19 Po smrti pak soudce navracejíce se zase, pohoršovali cest svých více nežli otcové jejich, odcházejíce za bohy cizími, a sloužíce i klanějíce se jim; nic neulevili z skutků jejich zlých a cesty jejich převrácené.

20 Protož rozpálila se prchlivost Hospodinova proti Izraelovi, a řekl: Proto že přestoupil národ tento smlouvu mou, kterouž jsem učinil s otci jejich, a neposlouchali hlasu mého:

21 Já také více nevyhladím žádného od tváři jejich z národů, kterýchž zanechal Jozue, když umřel,

22 Abych skrze ně zkušoval Izraele, budou-li ostříhati cesty přikázaní Hospodinových, chodíce v nich, jakož ostříhali otcové jejich, čili nic.

23 I zanechal Hospodin národů těch, a nevyhnal jich rychle, aniž dal jich v ruku Jozue.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 2

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 2: Israel’s disobedience and Joshua’s death.

This chapter opens with a reprimand from the Angel of the Lord. The Israelites had been commanded not to make any treaties with the people of Canaan, and to tear down their altars. The Angel warned that Israel had broken their covenant to the Lord, so the Lord would not drive out the other inhabitants of the land; they would be thorns in Israel’s side, and their gods would be a snare. Israel wept, and sacrificed to the Lord.

After the Israelites had gone to their assigned territories, it mentions Joshua’s death and burial (yet Joshua had died at the end of the book of Joshua!). All Israel had followed the Lord during Joshua’s time, and understood what the Lord had done for Israel. But the older generation died away, and a new generation arose who did not know the Lord, nor what He had done for Israel.

The chapter then spells out the terrible plight in which the people of Israel had entangled themselves. They had begun to worship Baal and Ashtaroth, the gods of the Canaanites, and they turned away from the Lord who had done so much for them. So, the Lord allowed their enemies to attack them, and Israel could not stand against them. This theme of straying from the Lord, and in turn being punished, will return through the next few chapters.

In the midst of this, the text says that the Lord raised up judges who delivered Israel. However, when each judge died, the people reverted to worshipping other gods. This seems to anticipate the events ahead in Judges.

*****

This chapter really marks the first of many transgressions committed by the Israelites in the book of Judges. The first three verses of this chapter feature the Angel of the Lord, who appears many times throughout the Word, and for many reasons: sometimes to bless, but in this case, to admonish the children of Israel for their disobedience. The Angel of the Lord stands firm and resolute, and represents truths from the Lord revealed in our hearts and minds (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Providence 96[6]).

The spiritual meaning of ‘weeping’ can mean various things, depending on the context. Here, the people wept because of the Angel’s warning, in momentary recognition of their wrongdoing. This is not real repentance (a ‘change of heart’), but fear along with a sense of our own self-love, which may lead us into more disobedience (see Swedenborg’s work, Heaven and Hell 153).

The death of the older generation and rise of a new one represents a change of state in us. The older generation - Joshua and the elders - served as a connection between the people and the Lord, since they had seen the Lord’s blessings on Israel in their own time. However, when we lose that connection, both our love of obedience and understanding of why we must obey the Lord fall away.

Our changes of state usually happen quickly; we suddenly get angry, feel fear, become selfish. When we turn to the Lord for help during these times, we quickly enter a state of humility in which the Lord can reach us (see Swedenborg’s Doctrine of Life 21).

After Joshua’s death, the children of Israel began to worship other gods, and the Lord punished them. In our lives, this would be like turning back on our devotion to the Lord to instead focus on worldly things, and do just as we please. There is no punishment from the Lord, only the consequences of our actions. We become weak, easy prey for doubts and anxieties, completely at the mercy of the hells (see Arcana Caelestia 7373).

Although the Lord raised judges to lead the people, the Israelites would would return to their old ways once the judge had passed away. This gives us a valuable spiritual truth that even in our sorry state of self-interest, we are still, at times, able to see the mess we are in. We may feel alarmed for a while, but this subsides and we grow complacent once again. The Lord raises up judges so that we can hold ourselves accountable.

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Divine Providence # 96

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96. 7. The Lord protects these two abilities untouched within us and as things that are sacred through the whole course of his divine providence. There are several reasons for this. One is that without these two abilities there, we would have no discernment or volition and would therefore not be human. Another is that without these two abilities we could not be united to the Lord and therefore could not be reformed and regenerated. Then too, without these two abilities we would not have immortality or eternal life. We can see this to some extent from the view already given [71-95] of what freedom and rationality are (these are the two abilities). We cannot see this clearly, though, unless the propositions are presented to view as inferences, so I need to shed some light on them.

[2] Without these two abilities there we would have no discernment or volition and would therefore not be human. The only basis of our volition is our ability to intend as though we were doing so ourselves. Intending freely, with this apparent autonomy, comes from the ability the Lord is constantly giving us, the ability called freedom. For another thing, the only basis of our discernment is our ability to discern whether something is reasonable or not, again as though we were doing so ourselves. Discerning whether something is reasonable or not comes from the second ability that the Lord is constantly giving us, the ability called rationality.

These two abilities unite within us the way volition and discernment do, because there is no intent without discernment. Discerning is the mate or match of intending, necessary to its existence; so along with the ability called freedom we are given the ability called rationality.

[3] Then too, if you take away intending from discerning, you will not discern anything at all. You can understand to the extent that you try to, provided you have or have access to the resources called perceptions, since these are like an artisan's tools. When I say that you can discern to the extent that you try, it means to the extent that you love to discern, since volition and love are the same thing.

This may seem like a paradox, but that is only how it seems to people who do not love to discern and therefore do not try to; and people who do not try to discern claim that they cannot. I will, however, be explaining later [98] which people really cannot discern and which ones find it hard.

[4] We need no further support for the statement that if we did not have volition based on the ability called freedom and discernment based on the ability called rationality, we would not be human. Animals do not have these abilities. It may seem as though animals, too, can intend and can discern, but they cannot. There is an earthly desire, basically an impulse, with matching knowledge, that guides and impels them to do what they do. There is a social and moral component to this knowledge, but it does not transcend their knowledge, because animals have no spiritual level that would enable them to perceive what is moral and therefore think about it. They can be taught to do particular things, but this is strictly on the physical level. What they learn is added to their knowledge and to their impulses and is called forth either by sight or by hearing. However, it never becomes something that they think about, let alone something that they reason about. There is more on this subject above (see 74).

[5] Without these two abilities we could not be united to the Lord and therefore could not be reformed and regenerated. This has already been explained [82-86]. The Lord dwells within us in these two abilities whether we are evil or good, and uses them to unite everyone to himself. This is why evil people are as capable of discernment as good people, why potentially they intend what is good and discern what is true. If they do not have these characteristics in act, that is because of their misuse of the abilities.

The reason the Lord dwells in these abilities in each of us is found in the inflow of the Lord's intent, an intent that wants to be accepted by us, to make its dwelling within us, and to give us the happiness of eternal life. This is the Lord's intent because it comes from his divine love. It is this intent of the Lord that makes whatever we think and say and intend and do seem to be our own.

[6] There is ample evidence in the spiritual world that the inflow of the Lord's intent makes this happen. Sometimes the Lord fills an angel with his divine nature so completely that the angel's whole consciousness is of being the Lord. That is how the angels were filled whom Abraham, Hagar, and Gideon saw, angels who therefore called themselves Jehovah, as we read in the Word. In the same way, one spirit can be filled by another to the point of not realizing that she or he is not that other. I have seen this happen often. It is also common knowledge in heaven that the Lord always works through intention and that what happens is what he intends.

We can see from this that it is through these two abilities that the Lord unites himself to us and works things out so that we are united to him in return. I have already explained how we are united mutually through these abilities and how we are therefore reformed and regenerated, and will have much more to say about this below.

[7] Without these two abilities we would not have immortality or eternal life. This follows from what has already been presented, namely, that these abilities are the means to our union with the Lord and to our reformation and regeneration. It is through them that we have immortality and through reformation and regeneration that we have eternal life. Since we are all united to the Lord through these two abilities whether we are evil or good, as just noted, we all have immortality. However, we have eternal life, heaven's life, only if that union is mutual, from the core of our being to its outer limits. This enables us to see why the Lord protects these two abilities untouched within us and as things that are sacred through the whole course of his divine providence.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.