Bible

 

Izlazak 10

Studie

   

1 Reče Jahve Mojsiju: "Idi k faraonu. Učinio sam da njemu i njegovim službenicima otvrdne srce da izvedem svoja znamenja među njima;

2 da možeš pripovjedati svome sinu i svome unuku što sam učinio Egipćanima i kakva sam znamenja izvodio među njima, kako biste znali da sam ja Jahve."

3 Tako Mojsije i Aron odu k faraonu i kažu mu: "Ovako poručuje Jahve, Bog Hebreja: 'Dokle ćeš odbijati da se preda mnom poniziš? Pusti moj narod da mi iskaže štovanje.

4 Jer ako ne pustiš moga naroda, sutra ću navesti skakavce na tvoju zemlju.

5 Tako će prekriti površinu da se zemlja od njih neće vidjeti. Pojest će ono što vam je iza tuče ostalo; i ogolit će vam sva stabla što po polju rastu.

6 Ispunit će ti sav dvor, kuće tvojih službenika i domove svih ostalih Egipćana - takvo što ne vidješe ni tvoji očevi ni očevi tvojih očeva u ovoj zemlji od svojih vremena do danas.'" Okrene se i ode od faraona.

7 "Dokle će nam ovaj čovjek biti stupica?" - rekoše faraonu njegovi službenici. - "Pusti te ljude neka idu i iskažu štovanje Jahvi, svome Bogu! Zar ne vidiš kako Egipat srlja u propast?"

8 Dovedu Mojsija i Arona natrag k faraonu, a on im reče: "Idite! Iskažite štovanje Jahvi, svome Bogu! A tko će sve ići?"

9 "Svi idemo", odgovori Mojsije, "i mlado i staro. Odlazimo sa svojim sinovima i svojim kćerima; sa svojom krupnom i sitnom stokom, jer moramo održati svečanost Jahvi."

10 "Jahve bio s vama isto kao što i ja pustio da s vama pođu i djeca!" - odgovori im. "Očito se vidi da vam nakana nije čista.

11 Nećemo tako! Nego muškarci neka odu i štovanje iskažu Jahvi. To ste i tražili." I otjeraju ih od faraona.

12 Tada reče Jahve Mojsiju: "Pruži ruku povrh zemlje egipatske da navale skakavci na egipatsku zemlju i pojedu sve bilje što još ostade nakon tuče!"

13 Tako Mojsije podigne svoj štap povrh egipatske zemlje, a Jahve navrati istočni vjetar po zemlji; puhao je toga cijelog dana i cijele noći. A kad je jutro svanulo, vjetar nanio skakavce.

14 Oni se razlete po svoj egipatskoj zemlji i padnu po svim krajevima Egipta u silnoj gustoći: toliko ih mnoštvo nikad prije nije bilo niti će kada biti.

15 Pokriju sve tlo, tako da se od njih zacrnjelo. Pojedu sve bilje u polju i sve plodove sa stabala što su bili ostali iza tuče. Ništa se više nije zelenjelo: ni stabla ni poljska trava u svem Egiptu.

16 Brže-bolje dozva faraon Mojsija i Arona pa im reče: "Sagriješio sam protiv Jahve, vašega Boga, i vas!

17 Oprostite mi uvredu još samo ovaj put i molite Jahvu, Boga svoga, da samo otkloni od mene ovaj smrtonosni bič!"

18 Kad je Mojsije otišao od faraona, zazva Jahvu

19 i Jahve promijeni vjetar u veoma jak zapadnjak, koji pothvati skakavce i odnese prema Crvenome moru. Ni jedan jedini skakavac nije ostao ni u kojem kraju Egipta.

20 Ali je Jahve otvrdnuo srce faraonu i ne pusti on Izraelaca.

21 "Pruži ruku prema nebu", rekne Jahve Mojsiju, "pa neka se tmina spusti na egipatsku zemlju, tmina koja će se moći opipati."

22 Mojsije pruži ruku prema nebu i spusti se gusta tmina na svu zemlju egipatsku: tri je dana trajala.

23 Tri dana nisu ljudi jedan drugoga mogli vidjeti i nitko se sa svoga mjesta nije micao. A u mjestima gdje su Izraelci živjeli sjala svjetlost.

24 Pozva onda faraon Mojsija i reče: "Idi i štovanje iskaži Jahvi! Ali vaša stoka, krupna i sitna, neka ostane ovdje. Vaša djeca neka idu s vama!"

25 "Ti nas sam moraš opskrbiti prinosima i žrtvama paljenicama koje ćemo prinijeti Jahvi, Bogu svojemu", odgovori Mojsije.

26 "Zato ćemo sa sobom potjerati i svoja stada. Ni papak neće ostati ovdje. Od njih nam valja izabrati za žrtvovanje Jahvi, Bogu našemu, a ne znamo, dok onamo ne stignemo, što moramo Jahvi prinijeti."

27 Jahve otvrdne faraonu srce i on ne pristane da odu.

28 "Odlazi!" - vikne faraon na Mojsija. "I da mi više na oči ne dolaziš! Onoga dana kad mi se opet pojaviš na oči, zaglavit ćeš!"

29 "Dobro si kazao!" - uzvrati Mojsije. "Lica tvoga više neću vidjeti!"

   

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 1343

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
/ 10837  
  

1343. That 'Eber' was a nation, the Hebrew nation, which took its name from 'Eber' as its forefather, and which means the worship in general of the second Ancient Church, is clear from the references to him in the historical sections of the Word. Because a new form of worship began with that nation, all those were called Hebrews whose worship was similar to it. Their worship was like that re-established at a later time among the descendants of Jacob, its chief features being that they called their God Jehovah and held sacrifices. The Most Ancient Church was of one mind in acknowledging the Lord and calling Him Jehovah, as is clear also from the early chapters of Genesis and elsewhere in the Word. The Ancient Church, that is, the Church after the Flood also acknowledged the Lord and called Him Jehovah, especially those who possessed internal worship and were called 'the sons of Shem'. The remainder whose worship was external also acknowledged Jehovah and worshipped Him. But when internal worship became external, and still more when it became idolatrous, and when each nation started to have its own god to worship, the Hebrew nation retained the name of Jehovah and called their own God Jehovah. In this they were different from all other nations.

[2] Along with external worship, Jacob's descendants in Egypt, including Moses himself, lost knowledge even of this fact, that their God was called Jehovah. Consequently they had first of all to be taught that Jehovah was the God of the Hebrews, and the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Jehovah said to Moses, You and the elders of Israel shall go in to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has met with us; and now let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 3:18.

In the same author,

Pharaoh said, Who is Jehovah that I should hearken to His voice to send Israel away? I do not know Jehovah, and moreover I will not send Israel away. And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us; let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 5:2-3.

[3] The fact that Jacob's descendants lost in Egypt, along with the worship, even the name of Jehovah becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said to God, Behold, when I come to the children of Israel and say to them, The God of your fathers has sent me to you, and they say to me, What is His name? What shall I tell them? And God said to Moses, I Am Who I Am. And He said, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, I Am has sent me to you. And God said moreover to Moses, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, Jehovah the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you; this is My name for ever. Exodus 3:13-15.

[4] From this it is evident that even Moses did not know it and that they were distinguished from everyone else by the name of Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews. Hence also Jehovah is elsewhere called the God of the Hebrews,

You shall say to Pharaoh, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent me to you. Exodus 7:16.

Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews. Exodus 9:1, 13.

Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews Exodus 10:3.

In Jonah,

I am a Hebrew, and I fear Jehovah, the God of heaven. Jonah 1:9.

And also in Samuel,

The Philistines heard the noise of the shouting and said, What does the noise of this great shouting in the camp of the Hebrews mean? And they learned that the Ark of Jehovah had come to the camp. The Philistines said, Woe to us! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who smote the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness. Acquit yourselves like men, O Philistines, lest you be slaves to the Hebrews. 1 Samuel 4:6, 8-9.

Here also it is evident that nations were distinguished from one another by the gods whose names they called on, and that the Hebrew nation was distinguished by that of Jehovah.

[5] The fact that sacrifices were the second essential feature of the worship of the Hebrew nation is also evident from the words from Exodus 3:18; 5:2-3, quoted above, as well as from the fact that the Egyptians abhorred the Hebrew nation on account of this form of worship, as is clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said, It is not right to do so, for we would be sacrificing to Jehovah our God what is abhorrent to the Egyptians; behold, we would be sacrificing what is abhorrent to the Egyptians in their eyes; will they not stone us? Exodus 8:26.

Consequently the Egyptians also abhorred the Hebrew nation so much that they refused even 'to eat bread' with them, Genesis 43:32. From this it is also evident that not merely the descendants of Jacob constituted the Hebrew nation but everybody who possessed that kind of worship. This also was why in Joseph's day the land of Canaan was called the land of the Hebrews,

Joseph said. By theft I have been taken away out of the land of the Hebrews. Genesis 40:15.

[6] The fact that sacrifices took place among the idolaters in the land of Canaan becomes clear from many references, for they used to sacrifice to their gods - to the baals and to others What is more, Balaam, who came from Syria where Eber had lived, that is, where the Hebrew nation had originated, before Jacob's descendants entered the land of Canaan, not only offered sacrifices but also called his God Jehovah. As to the fact that Balaam came from Syria where the Hebrew nation had originated, see Numbers 23:7; that he offered sacrifices, Numbers 22:39-40; 23:1-3, 14, 29; that he called his God Jehovah, Numbers 22:18, and elsewhere in those chapters. And Genesis 8:20 speaks of Noah offering burnt offerings to Jehovah - though this is not true history but made-up history - for 'burnt offerings' means the holiness of worship, as may be seen in that story. These considerations now show what 'Eber' or 'the Hebrew nation' means.

  
/ 10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.