2. Before treating of the New Jerusalem and its doctrine, something shall be said of the New Heaven and the New Earth. In the small work on The Last Judgment and the Destruction of Babylon it was shown what is meant by the "first heaven and the first earth" which had passed away. After they had passed away, and thus after the Last Judgment had been accomplished, the new heaven was created, that is, formed by the Lord. This heaven was formed of all those who after the Lord's advent even to the present time, had lived a life of faith and charity; since they alone were forms of heaven. For the form of heaven, according to which all consociations and communications are there effected, is the form of Divine Truth from the Divine Good which proceeds from the Lord; and this form a man puts on as to his spirit by a life according to Divine Truth.

That the form of heaven is from this source, may be seen in the work Heaven and Hell 200-212; and that all angels are forms of heaven, in Heaven and Hell 51-58, 73-77. From this it may be known, of whom the new heaven was composed, and hence also what its quality is; namely, that it is altogether of one mind; for he, who lives a life of faith and charity, loves another as himself, and through love conjoins him to himself, and thus reciprocally and mutually, because love in the spiritual world is conjunction. When, therefore, all act alike, then from many, yea, from countless numbers consociated according to the form of heaven, there arises one mind, and there results, as it were, a one; for there is nothing which separates and divides, but everything conjoins and unites.

1413. 'To the land which I will cause you to see' means the spiritual and celestial things that were to be brought to view. This is clear from the meaning of 'a land', 662, 1066, and indeed from the meaning here of 'the land of Canaan' which represents the Lord's kingdom, as becomes clear from many places in the Word. For this reason the land of Canaan is called the Holy Land, and also the heavenly Canaan. And since it represented the Lord's kingdom, it also represented and meant the celestial and spiritual things that belong to the Lord's kingdom, and here those that belong to the Lord Himself.

9534. 'And you shall make for it a rail of a hand's breadth round about' means the joining there to truth from the Divine. This is clear from the meaning of 'a rail', since this lay outside the rim, as the outermost part of the border, and so the joining to truth from the Divine. None can know that this is what 'a rail' means unless they know about the sphere of good from the Lord which surrounds and thereby protects heaven, and about the extension of and border to it. Regarding the sphere of Divine Good which surrounds heaven and all the communities in heaven and thereby protects them from the intrusion of evils from hell, see above in 9490, 9492, 9498.

[2] This Divine sphere extends even into the hells and also guards them. So it is that the Lord reigns in the hells also, yet with this difference, that the Divine sphere which surrounds and protects heaven is the sphere of Divine Truth joined to Divine Good, whereas that which guards hell is the sphere of Divine Truth separated from Divine Good. The reason why the latter sphere exists in hell is that all in that place reject Divine Good, and reject the Lord's mercy. Such a sphere reigns in outward form in hell; but still the sphere of Divine Truth joined to Divine Good does so in inward form. By means of it those in hell are guarded, so that none does excessive harm to another.

[3] From all this it is evident that the sphere of Divine Good in outward form comes to an end where heaven does so, and the sphere of Divine Truth separated from Divine Good begins where hell begins, and in the gap between there is a joining together, meant by 'the rail of a hand's breadth round about'.